29 research outputs found
Continued fractions for permutation statistics
We explore a bijection between permutations and colored Motzkin paths that
has been used in different forms by Foata and Zeilberger, Biane, and Corteel.
By giving a visual representation of this bijection in terms of so-called cycle
diagrams, we find simple translations of some statistics on permutations (and
subsets of permutations) into statistics on colored Motzkin paths, which are
amenable to the use of continued fractions. We obtain new enumeration formulas
for subsets of permutations with respect to fixed points, excedances, double
excedances, cycles, and inversions. In particular, we prove that cyclic
permutations whose excedances are increasing are counted by the Bell numbers.Comment: final version formatted for DMTC
Enumerating two permutation classes by number of cycles
We enumerate permutations in the two permutation classes and by the number of cycles each permutation
admits. We also refine this enumeration with respect to several statistics
Restricted Dumont permutations, Dyck paths, and noncrossing partitions
We complete the enumeration of Dumont permutations of the second kind
avoiding a pattern of length 4 which is itself a Dumont permutation of the
second kind. We also consider some combinatorial statistics on Dumont
permutations avoiding certain patterns of length 3 and 4 and give a natural
bijection between 3142-avoiding Dumont permutations of the second kind and
noncrossing partitions that uses cycle decomposition, as well as bijections
between 132-, 231- and 321-avoiding Dumont permutations and Dyck paths.
Finally, we enumerate Dumont permutations of the first kind simultaneously
avoiding certain pairs of 4-letter patterns and another pattern of arbitrary
length.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure
Descent sets on 321-avoiding involutions and hook decompositions of partitions
We show that the distribution of the major index over the set of involutions
in S_n that avoid the pattern 321 is given by the q-analogue of the n-th
central binomial coefficient. The proof consists of a composition of three
non-trivial bijections, one being the Robinson-Schensted correspondence,
ultimately mapping those involutions with major index m into partitions of m
whose Young diagram fits inside an n/2 by n/2 box. We also obtain a refinement
that keeps track of the descent set, and we deduce an analogous result for the
comajor index of 123-avoiding involutions
Restricted Motzkin permutations, Motzkin paths, continued fractions, and Chebyshev polynomials
We say that a permutation is a Motzkin permutation if it avoids 132 and
there do not exist such that . We study the
distribution of several statistics in Motzkin permutations, including the
length of the longest increasing and decreasing subsequences and the number of
rises and descents. We also enumerate Motzkin permutations with additional
restrictions, and study the distribution of occurrences of fairly general
patterns in this class of permutations.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure
Restricted involutions and Motzkin paths
AbstractWe show how a bijection due to Biane between involutions and labelled Motzkin paths yields bijections between Motzkin paths and two families of restricted involutions that are counted by Motzkin numbers, namely, involutions avoiding 4321 and 3412. As a consequence, we derive characterizations of Motzkin paths corresponding to involutions avoiding either 4321 or 3412 together with any pattern of length 3. Furthermore, we exploit the described bijection to study some notable subsets of the set of restricted involutions, namely, fixed point free and centrosymmetric restricted involutions
Statistics on pattern-avoiding permutations
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-116).This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.This thesis concerns the enumeration of pattern-avoiding permutations with respect to certain statistics. Our first result is that the joint distribution of the pair of statistics 'number of fixed points' and 'number of excedances' is the same in 321-avoiding as in 132-avoiding permutations. This generalizes a recent result of Robertson, Saracino and Zeilberger, for which we also give another, more direct proof. The key ideas are to introduce a new class of statistics on Dyck paths, based on what we call a tunnel, and to use a new technique involving diagonals of non-rational generating functions. Next we present a new statistic-preserving family of bijections from the set of Dyck paths to itself. They map statistics that appear in the study of pattern-avoiding permutations into classical statistics on Dyck paths, whose distribution is easy to obtain. In particular, this gives a simple bijective proof of the equidistribution of fixed points in the above two sets of restricted permutations.(cont.) Then we introduce a bijection between 321- and 132-avoiding permutations that preserves the number of fixed points and the number of excedances. A part of our bijection is based on the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. We also show that our bijection preserves additional parameters. Next, motivated by these results, we study the distribution of fixed points and excedances in permutations avoiding subsets of patterns of length 3. We solve all the cases of simultaneous avoidance of more than one pattern, giving generating functions which enumerate them. Some cases are generalized to patterns of arbitrary length. For avoidance of one single pattern we give partial results. We also describe the distribution of these statistics in involutions avoiding any subset of patterns of length 3. The main technique consists in using bijections between pattern-avoiding permutations and certain kinds of Dyck paths, in such a way that the statistics in permutations that we consider correspond to statistics on Dyck paths which are easier to enumerate. Finally, we study another kind of restricted permutations, counted by the Motzkin numbers. By constructing a bijection into Motzkin paths, we enumerate them with respect to some parameters, including the length of the longest increasing and decreasing subsequences and the number of ascents.by Sergi Elizalde.Ph.D