Wieloplatformowy system zarządzania przełącznikiem Ethernetowym czasu rzeczwistego

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesAo longo dos últimos anos, o agora onipresente protocolo Ethernet, embora não dotado de mecanismos eficazes de gestão de QoS, foi ganhando uma grande aceitação no campo das comunicações industriais. Esta crescente aceitação deveu-se, em grande parte, a novos protocolos, baseados em Ethernet (por exemplo, Profinet, Ethernet Industrial, etc), capazes de fornecer comunicações com garantias deterministas ou de tempo-real. O comutador Ethernet Hartes (Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switch), foi desenvolvido para disponibilizar uma infra-estrutura de comutação Ethernet capaz de fornecer garantias de pontualidade, de bom uso da largura de banda e para suportar, de modo eficiente, a flexibilidade operacional necessária em aplicações de tempo-real distribuídas, de sistemas embarcados dinâmicos. O desenvolvimento do comutador Hartes, foi baseado em trabalho anterior do paradigma de comunicação FTT (Flexible Time-Triggered), e teve por objetivo o projeto de um comutador Ethernet com melhor controlo de transmissão, escalonamento do tráfego e integração transparente de nodos não tempo-real. NetConf é uma tecnologia recente de gestão de redes que tem vindo progressivamente a substituir a tecnologia SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol), o standard de facto há muito adoptado pela indústria. A maior diferença entre NetConf e o SNMP é que o NetConf adopta um mecanismo de comunicação baseado em XML-RPC, que, graças às ferramentas desenvolvidas no âmbito de outras tecnologias web, permite ciclos mais rápidos e mais simples de desenvolvimento e de gestão. O comutador Hartes não dispõe de uma plataforma de gestão com uma interface padronizada para os protocolos SNMP ou NetConf, de modo a permitir a sua gestão remota. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de componentes-chave de apoio à gestão multiplataforma do comutador Ethernet Hartes, bem como a respectiva avaliação de desempenho dos componentes desenvolvidos.In recent years, the now ubiquitous Ethernet protocol that lacks effective QoS management functions, has gained momentum in the field of industrial communication, by means of novel, Ethernet-based protocols (e.g. Profinet, Industrial Ethernet, etc.), which are able to provide deterministic communications. HaRTES – Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switch, aimed to develop an Ethernet switching infrastructure, able to provide timeliness guarantees, efficient bandwidth usage and support for operational flexibility as required by dynamic real-time distributed embedded systems. The project was built upon previous work on the FTT (Flexible Time-Triggered) communication paradigm to develop Ethernet switches with enhanced transmission control, traffic scheduling, and transparent integration of non-real-time nodes. NetConf is a recent network management technology that is replacing the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) – widely used and long adopted by industry standard. The biggest difference between NetConf and SNMP is that the former use a communication mechanism based on XML-RPC, which, thanks to the tools developed in the scope of other web technologies, allows a simpler and faster development and management cycle. The HaRTES project had not provided a management platform with a standardized interface for SNMP or NetConf protocols, enabling remote switch management. Thus the main objective of this work was to develop key components for the support of the standardized multiplatform management interfaces for the HaRTES switch and their performance assessment

A new generation of real-time systems in the JET tokamak

Recently a new recipe for developing and deploying real-time systems has become increasingly adopted in the JET tokamak. Powered by the advent of x86 multi-core technology and the reliability of the JET’s well established Real-Time Data Network (RTDN) to handle all real-time I/O, an official Linux vanilla kernel has been demonstrated to be able to provide realtime performance to user-space applications that are required to meet stringent timing constraints. In particular, a careful rearrangement of the Interrupt ReQuests’ (IRQs) affinities together with the kernel’s CPU isolation mechanism allows to obtain either soft or hard real-time behavior depending on the synchronization mechanism adopted. Finally, the Multithreaded Application Real-Time executor (MARTe) framework is used for building applications particularly optimised for exploring multicore architectures. In the past year, four new systems based on this philosophy have been installed and are now part of the JET’s routine operation. The focus of the present work is on the configuration and interconnection of the ingredients that enable these new systems’ real-time capability and on the impact that JET’s distributed real-time architecture has on system engineering requirements, such as algorithm testing and plant commissioning. Details are given about the common real-time configuration and development path of these systems, followed by a brief description of each system together with results regarding their real-time performance. A cycle time jitter analysis of a user-space MARTe based application synchronising over a network is also presented. The goal is to compare its deterministic performance while running on a vanilla and on a Messaging Real time Grid (MRG) Linux kernel

Journal of Telecommunications in Higher Education

In This Issue 6 Lead, Follow or Get Out of the Way! 12 Bringing Private Housing onto the Campus LAN 16 Bundling Internet Data and Voice Technologies on the Same T3 Span 20 Mission Possible: Harper College Equips for the Future 30 UCSD Maximizes Network with One-Wire Solution 34 Optical Fiber Helps Construct a Campus for the 21st Century 38 The Laptop Initiative at Longwood Colleg

System z and z/OS unique Characteristics

Many people still associate mainframes with obsolete technology. Surprisingly, the opposite is true. Mainframes feature many hardware, software, and system integration technologies, that are either not at all, or only in an elementary form, available on other server platforms. On the other hand, we know of no advanced server features which are not available on mainframes. This paper lists some 40 advanced mainframe technologies. There is a short description of each item together with a literature reference for more information

WING/WORLD: An Open Experimental Toolkit for the Design and Deployment of IEEE 802.11-Based Wireless Mesh Networks Testbeds

Wireless Mesh Networks represent an interesting instance of light-infrastructure wireless networks. Due to their flexibility and resiliency to network failures, wireless mesh networks are particularly suitable for incremental and rapid deployments of wireless access networks in both metropolitan and rural areas. This paper illustrates the design and development of an open toolkit aimed at supporting the design of different solutions for wireless mesh networking by enabling real evaluation, validation, and demonstration. The resulting testbed is based on off-the-shelf hardware components and open-source software and is focused on IEEE 802.11 commodity devices. The software toolkit is based on an "open" philosophy and aims at providing the scientific community with a tool for effective and reproducible performance analysis of WMNs. The paper describes the architecture of the toolkit, and its core functionalities, as well as its potential evolutions

Television Playout Development Towards Flexible IT-based Solutions

The purpose of this study was to update television playout system. An Estonian television and radio network operator Levira playout centre needed expansion in infrastructure to be able to accommodate larger channel count. Renewals of media asset management and automation systems were also required to handle requirements of the larger channel count and to automate processes. Television playout systems and solutions are going through big changes. These changes reflect partially new developments in the whole broadcasting industry and the way people use video, as well as changes and development in other areas of technology, especially in IT. These changes do not come without challenges with new workflows and ways of operating. These projects were to be done not only for current needs but also to be ready for the coming years. This was taken into consideration on system design and planning as well as on choosing the partners for the projects. As a result of this study, an up to date playout centre was designed with flexible IT based solutions that are easy to update and customize for varying needs of different television channels. Playout centre has room to grow and it is ready for requirements of future without need for major changes in the system.Työn tavoitteena oli television lähetyskeskuksen järjestelmän päivittäminen. Virolaisen television ja radion lähetysverkkotoimija Leviran lähetyskeskus tarvitsi laajennuksen olemassa olevaan järjestelmään, jotta se pystyisi lähettämään suuremman määrän kanavia. Myös lähetyskeskuksen medianhallinta- ja automaatiojärjestelmät täytyi päivittää tämän suuremman kanavamäärän tukemiseksi ja työnkulun tehostamiseksi. Television lähetysjärjestelmät ja ratkaisut käyvät läpi isoja muutoksia. Nämä muutokset heijastuvat osin koko televisiotoiminnan muutoksesta ja siitä, miten katsojat ylipäätään käyttävät videota ja osin informaatioteknologian (IT) kehityksestä. Se on selvää, että muutokset tuovat uusia haasteita, edellyttävät täysin uudenlaisten työnkulkujen ja ajatusmallien omaksumista. Molemmat projektit toteutettiin ottaen huomioon tämän hetken tarpeet tiedostopohjaisen työnkulun ja kasvavan kanavamäärän tuoman kapasiteettivaatimusten suhteen sekä ennen kaikkea lähivuosien mahdolliset vaatimukset muuttuvien jakelukanavien osalta. Systeemin suunnittelu ja yhteistyökumppaneiden valinta painotettiin sen mukaisesti. Toteutettuna lopputuloksena on television lähetyskeskusjärjestelmä, joka pohjautuu helposti päivitettäviin ja eri televisiokanavien vaihteleviin tarpeisiin mukautuviin IT-laitteistoihin. Järjestelmällä on tilaa kasvaa sekä kehittyä tulevaisuuteen ilman välitöntä tarvetta merkittäviin systeemitason muutoksiin

IoT system for EV charging at shared spaces

In current work, we apply the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm to handle the electric vehicle (EV) charging process in small shared spaces, such as condominiums without requiring the intervention of an external supervision entity, being that role performed by the condominium management. A Mobile App handles the user interaction with the system, authenticating the request to initiate the EV charging process, a microcontroller connected to set of sensors and an actuator is used for measuring energy consumption and for enabling the charging process and, a Management Unit controls the process end to end, providing the required services to the Mobile App and the microcontroller unit while manages the energy sharing between the EV charging stations accordingly the condominium limitations and processes the energy measures to consolidate the EV charging energy transaction. A minimal user interface allows the users to visualise transactions, manage users' preferences, and configure the platform. Additionally, the conceptual model for a scaled solution is presented, supported on blockchain technologies to handle the financial transitions, allowing current approach to be replicated on broader EV charging scenarios, such as public charging systems in a city. The developed system was tested in a shared space with three EVs using a charging infrastructure for 3.5 months.No presente trabalho, é aplicado um paradigma de Internet Of Things (IOT) para agilizar e controlar o processo de carregamento de Veículos Elétricos (VE) em espaços partilhados de menores dimensões, como por exemplo condomínios residenciais, sem que seja necessária a intervenção (a título de prestação de serviços) de uma entidade externa, sendo todo o processo controlado pela gestão de condomínio. Uma aplicação móvel permite ao utilizador interagir com o sistema, permitindo a este autenticar-se no mesmo é condição necessária para que seja despoletado o processo de carregamento do VE. O sistema implementado com recurso a um microcontrolador encontrase ligado a um conjunto de sensores e um atuador permitindo medir a energia que esta ser consumida para carregamento do VE e simultaneamente, ligar e desligar o dispositivo de carregamento do veículo (através do controlo de um interruptor que entrega a energia entregue a este). O processo é controlado por uma unidade de gestão centralizada, que gera a distribuição de energia pelas estações de carregamento de VEs de acordo com as limitações do condomínio através do ligar e desligar destas e em simultâneo regista e processas as medições da energia consumida para consolidar as informações que constituem a transação de carregamento de VE e respetiva contraparte financeira associada à mesma. Adicionalmente, a unidade de gestão centralizada e a aplicação móvel, disponibilizam interfaces de utilizador mínimas para permitir funções como a consulta de transações, gestão e configuração da plataforma. Complementarmente, é apresentado um modelo conceptual permitindo escalar a solução proposta para espaços partilhados de maior dimensão, com recurso à utilização de tecnologias blockchain para gestão e registo das transações financeiras associadas à operação. Propondo uma abordagem, que poderá ser replicável em cenários mais amplos de utilização como por exemplo, a infraestrutura publica de carregamento de VE de uma cidade. O protótipo desenvolvido foi testado num espaço partilhado com três VE, usando uma infraestrutura de carregamento durante 3,5 meses

Web Based GUI Management for FlexiNT22 SHDSL.bis Modem

The purpose of this thesis was to design and implement a prototype of a web based GUI management for FlexiNT22 SHDSL.bis modem at Nokia Siemens Networks BBA NBMS division. Web based GUI management gives an administrator the ability to configure and monitor FlexiNT22 over the Internet using a web browser. The most direct way to accomplish this is to embed a web server (Embedded web Server) into the mo-dem, and use that server to provide web-based management user interface con-structed using HTML language. The project involved familiarizing with the operations and characteristics of Flex-iNT, searching for an appropriate web server, examining the features and the compatibility with the software, evaluation and implementing a demo version. The evaluation consists mainly of three parts: Surveying web servers and further choosing the most suitable web servers for the evaluation. In the third place, we were concerned with defining criteria of the embedded web server features for evaluation. The project was carried out using KLone embedded web server, which is open source software. The study describes how to program HTML pages in C language and how to implement web pages. As result pages could be embedded into a sin-gle executable binary file that contained KLone’s HTTP/S server.Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa graafinen web-pohjainen käyttöliittymä prototyyppi FlexiNT22 SHDSL.bis päätelaitteeseen Nokia Siemens Networksin NBMS (Narrowband Multiservic) osastolle. Web-hallintasovellus antaa järjestelmänvalvojalle mahdollisuuden määrittää ja valvoa FlexiNT22 modeemia internetin kautta käyttäen web-selainta.Toteuttaakseen tämän tarvitaan sulautettu Web-palvelin joka upotetaan modeemin sisään, ja käyttäen tätä palvelinta luodaan web-hallintasovellus HTML-kielellä. Projekti jakautuu kahteen osaan: tutkiminen ja implementaatio. Tutkimukseen kuului perehtyminen FlexiNT:n toimintaan ja ominaisuuksiin, sopivan web-palvelimen etsiminen ja sen ominaisuuksien tutkiminen ja soveltuvuus ohjelmiston kanssa. Sulautettu web-palvelin on ideaali tähän projektiin. Valintamenetelmiin kuului valita kolme sopivinta palvelinta ja tutkia niiden ominaisuudet. Implementaatioon kuului suunnitella ja toteuttaa toimiva web-hallintasovellus runko. Työ toteutettiin käyttäen KLonen web-palvelinta, joka on avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmisto. Tässä työssä kuvataan, miten ohjelmoidaan HTML-sivuja käyttäen C-kieltä ja miten ne toteutetaan. Lopputuloksena web sivut voidaan upottaa yhteen binääri ohjelmatiedostoon, joka sisältää KLone HTTP/S-palvelimen

Cloud-efficient modelling and simulation of magnetic nano materials

Scientific simulations are rarely attempted in a cloud due to the substantial performance costs of virtualization. Considerable communication overheads, intolerable latencies, and inefficient hardware emulation are the main reasons why this emerging technology has not been fully exploited. On the other hand, the progress of computing infrastructure nowadays is strongly dependent on perspective storage medium development, where efficient micromagnetic simulations play a vital role in future memory design. This thesis addresses both these topics by merging micromagnetic simulations with the latest OpenStack cloud implementation while providing a time and costeffective alternative to expensive computing centers. However, many challenges have to be addressed before a high-performance cloud platform emerges as a solution for problems in micromagnetic research communities. First, the best solver candidate has to be selected and further improved, particularly in the parallelization and process communication domain. Second, a 3-level cloud communication hierarchy needs to be recognized and each segment adequately addressed. The required steps include breaking the VMisolation for the host’s shared memory activation, cloud network-stack tuning, optimization, and efficient communication hardware integration. The project work concludes with practical measurements and confirmation of successfully implemented simulation into an open-source cloud environment. It is achieved that the renewed Magpar solver runs for the first time in the OpenStack cloud by using ivshmem for shared memory communication. Also, extensive measurements proved the effectiveness of our solutions, yielding from sixty percent to over ten times better results than those achieved in the standard cloud.Aufgrund der erheblichen Leistungskosten der Virtualisierung werden wissenschaftliche Simulationen in einer Cloud selten versucht. Beträchtlicher Kommunikationsaufwand, erhebliche Latenzen und ineffiziente Hardwareemulation sind die Hauptgründe, warum diese aufkommende Technologie nicht vollständig genutzt wurde. Andererseits hängt der Fortschritt der Computertechnologie heutzutage stark von der Entwicklung perspektivischer Speichermedien ab, bei denen effiziente mikromagnetische Simulationen eine wichtige Rolle für die zukünftige Speichertechnologie spielen. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit diesen beiden Themen, indem mikromagnetische Simulationen mit der neuesten OpenStack Cloud-Implementierung zusammengeführt werden, um eine zeit- und kostengünstige Alternative zu teuren Rechenzentren bereitzustellen. Viele Herausforderungen müssen jedoch angegangen werden, bevor eine leistungsstarke Cloud-Plattform als Lösung für Probleme in mikromagnetischen Forschungsgemeinschaften entsteht. Zunächst muss der beste Kandidat für die Lösung ausgewählt und weiter verbessert werden, insbesondere im Bereich der Parallelisierung und Prozesskommunikation. Zweitens muss eine 3-stufige CloudKommunikationshierarchie erkannt und jedes Segment angemessen adressiert werden. Die erforderlichen Schritte umfassen das Aufheben der VM-Isolation, um den gemeinsam genutzten Speicher zwischen Cloud-Instanzen zu aktivieren, die Optimierung des Cloud-Netzwerkstapels und die effiziente Integration von Kommunikationshardware. Die praktische Arbeit endet mit Messungen und der Bestätigung einer erfolgreich implementierten Simulation in einer Open-Source Cloud-Umgebung. Als Ergebnis haben wir erreicht, dass der neu erstellte Magpar-Solver zum ersten Mal in der OpenStack Cloud ausgeführt wird, indem ivshmem für die Shared-Memory Kommunikation verwendet wird. Umfangreiche Messungen haben auch die Wirksamkeit unserer Lösungen bewiesen und von sechzig Prozent bis zu zehnmal besseren Ergebnissen als in der Standard Cloud geführt

Strategies of development and maintenance in supervision, control, synchronization, data acquisition and processing in light sources

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Tecnoloxías da Información e as Comunicacións. 5032V01[Resumo] Os aceleradores de partículas e fontes de luz sincrotrón, evolucionan constantemente para estar na vangarda da tecnoloxía, levando os límites cada vez mais lonxe para explorar novos dominios e universos. Os sistemas de control son unha parte crucial desas instalacións científicas e buscan logra-la flexibilidade de manobra para poder facer experimentos moi variados, con configuracións diferentes que engloban moitos tipos de detectores, procedementos, mostras a estudar e contornas. As propostas de experimento son cada vez máis ambiciosas e van sempre un paso por diante do establecido. Precísanse detectores cada volta máis rápidos e eficientes, con máis ancho de banda e con máis resolución. Tamén é importante a operación simultánea de varios detectores tanto escalares como mono ou bidimensionáis, con mecanismos de sincronización de precisión que integren as singularidades de cada un. Este traballo estuda as solucións existentes no campo dos sistemas de control e adquisición de datos nos aceleradores de partículas e fontes de luz e raios X, ó tempo que explora novos requisitos e retos no que respecta á sincronización e velocidade de adquisición de datos para novos experimentos, a optimización do deseño, soporte, xestión de servizos e custos de operación. Tamén se estudan diferentes solucións adaptadas a cada contorna.[Resumen] Los aceleradores de partículas y fuentes de luz sincrotrón, evolucionan constantemente para estar en la vanguardia de la tecnología, y poder explorar nuevos dominios. Los sistemas de control son una parte fundamental de esas instalaciones científicas y buscan lograr la máxima flexibilidad para poder llevar a cabo experimentos más variados, con configuraciones diferentes que engloban varios tipos de detectores, procedimientos, muestras a estudiar y entornos. Los experimentos se proponen cada vez más ambiciosos y en ocasiones más allá de los límites establecidos. Se necesitan detectores cada vez más rápidos y eficientes, con más resolución y ancho de banda, que puedan sincronizarse simultáneamente con otros detectores tanto escalares como mono y bidimensionales, integrando las singularidades de cada uno y homogeneizando la adquisición de datos. Este trabajo estudia los sistemas de control y adquisición de datos de aceleradores de partículas y fuentes de luz y rayos X, y explora nuevos requisitos y retos en lo que respecta a la sincronización y velocidad de adquisición de datos, optimización y costo-eficiencia en el diseño, operación soporte, mantenimiento y gestión de servicios. También se estudian diferentes soluciones adaptadas a cada entorno.[Abstract] Particle accelerators and photon sources are constantly evolving, attaining the cutting-edge technologies to push the limits forward and explore new domains. The control systems are a crucial part of these installations and are required to provide flexible solutions to the new challenging experiments, with different kinds of detectors, setups, sample environments and procedures. Experiment proposals are more and more ambitious at each call and go often a step beyond the capabilities of the instrumentation. Detectors shall be faster, with higher efficiency, more resolution, more bandwidth and able to synchronize with other detectors of all kinds; scalars, one or two-dimensional, taking into account their singularities and homogenizing the data acquisition. This work examines the control and data acquisition systems for particle accelerators and X- ray / light sources and explores new requirements and challenges regarding synchronization and data acquisition bandwidth, optimization and cost-efficiency in the design / operation / support. It also studies different solutions depending on the environment