Multipath routing and QoS provisioning in mobile ad hoc networks

PhDA Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other using multihop wireless links without utilizing any fixed based-station infrastructure and centralized management. Each mobile node in the network acts as both a host generating flows or being destination of flows and a router forwarding flows directed to other nodes. Future applications of MANETs are expected to be based on all-IP architecture and be capable of carrying multitude real-time multimedia applications such as voice and video as well as data. It is very necessary for MANETs to have an efficient routing and quality of service (QoS) mechanism to support diverse applications. This thesis proposes an on-demand Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing protocol (NDMR) with low broadcast redundancy. Multipath routing allows the establishment of multiple paths between a single source and single destination node. It is also beneficial to avoid traffic congestion and frequent link breaks in communication because of the mobility of nodes. The important components of the protocol, such as path accumulation, decreasing routing overhead and selecting node-disjoint paths, are explained. Because the new protocol significantly reduces the total number of Route Request packets, this results in an increased delivery ratio, smaller end-to-end delays for data packets, lower control overhead and fewer collisions of packets. Although NDMR provides node-disjoint multipath routing with low route overhead in MANETs, it is only a best-effort routing approach, which is not enough to support QoS. DiffServ is a standard approach for a more scalable way to achieve QoS in any IP network and could potentially be used to provide QoS in MANETs because it minimises the need for signalling. However, one of the biggest drawbacks of DiffServ is that the QoS provisioning is separate from the routing process. This thesis presents a Multipath QoS Routing protocol for iv supporting DiffServ (MQRD), which combines the advantages of NDMR and DiffServ. The protocol can classify network traffic into different priority levels and apply priority scheduling and queuing management mechanisms to obtain QoS guarantees

QoS in Node-disjoint Routing for Ad Hoc Networks

PhDA mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other without using any fixed infrastructure. It is necessary for MANETs to have efficient routing protocol and quality of service (QoS) mechanism to support multimedia applications such as video and voice. Node-Disjoint Multipath Routing Protocol (NDMR) is a practical protocol in MANETs: it reduces routing overhead dramatically and achieves multiple node-disjoint routing paths. Because QoS support in MANETs is important as best-effort routing is not efficient for supporting multimedia applications, this thesis presents a novel approach to provide that support. In this thesis NDMR is enhanced to provide a QoS enabled NDMR that decreases the transmission delay between source and destination nodes. A multi-rate mechanism is also implemented in the new protocol so that the NDMR QoS can minimise the overall delays. It is shown that these approaches lead to significant performance gains. A modification to NDMR is also proposed to overcome some of the limitations of the original

Mobile-IP ad-hoc network MPLS-based with QoS support.

The support for Quality of Service (QoS) is the main focus of this thesis. Major issues and challenges for Mobile-IP Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) to support QoS in a multi-layer manner are considered discussed and investigated through simulation setups. Different parameters contributing to the subjective measures of QoS have been considered and consequently, appropriate testbeds were formed to measure these parameters and compare them to other schemes to check for superiority. These parameters are: Maximum Round-Trip Delay (MRTD), Minimum Bandwidth Guaranteed (MBG), Bit Error Rate (BER), Packet Loss Ratio (PER), End-To-End Delay (ETED), and Packet Drop Ratio (PDR) to name a few. For network simulations, NS-II (Network Simulator Version II) and OPNET simulation software systems were used.Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2005 .A355. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 44-03, page: 1444. Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2005

Hybrid Wireless Network Approach for QoS

Fast improvement of wireless networks has stimulated variety of wireless applications that have been used in number of areas such as commerce, emergency services, military, education, and entertainment. As wireless communication capture popularity, specific research has been devoted to supporting real-time transmission with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for wireless network applications. At the same time, a wireless hybrid network that combines a mobile wireless ad hoc network (MANET) and a wireless infrastructure network has been considered to be a better option for the next generation wireless networks. By directly implementing resource reservation-based QoS routing for MANETs, hybrids networks inherit invalid reservation and race condition problems in MANETs

Encaminhamento com QoS em redes móveis Ad Hoc

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de ComunicaçõesNos dias de hoje a grande diversidade e o aumento da capacidade dos dispositivos móveis sem fios e simultaneamente a evolução das aplicações multimédia, criou-se a necessidade de propor e avaliar formas de oferecer garantias de Qualidade de Serviço (QoS) ao tráfego fim a fim nas redes móveis ad hoc (Mobile Ad hoc Networks - MANET). Este tipo de redes tem a vantagem de possibilitar aos utilizadores de dispositivos móveis, estabelecerem rapidamente e sem assistência de um ponto de acesso uma rede entre eles, que potencie a utilização de diversos serviços. Devido às suas características, desde a tecnologia sem fios até à mobilidade dos nós, dotar este tipo de redes de garantias de qualidade de serviço no tráfego fim a fim torna-se um desafio. Esta dissertação propõe um protocolo de encaminhamento com QoS para redes ad hoc, que se designa por Ad hoc QoS Multipath Routing with Route Stability (QMRS), que tem como objectivo suportar aplicações com requisitos de qualidade de serviço, nomeadamente requisitos no atraso fim a fim. Este protocolo tem a possibilidade de encontrar até três rotas de nós disjuntos que cumpram o requisito de QoS. Adicionalmente e com o objectivo de garantir a estabilidade do processo de encaminhamento, usa a potência de sinal das ligações entre nós vizinhos para eleger a rota mais estável, rota essa que passa a ser usada para o reenvio do tráfego. Quando se verifica a existência de rotas com uma estabilidade idêntica, dá-se preferência à rota com menor atraso fim a fim. O protocolo detém também um mecanismo de manutenção, recuperação e verificação de incumprimento do requisito de QoS nos caminhos encontrados. Este protocolo teve como base o protocolo Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Routing (AMR), também proposto e implementado no âmbito deste trabalho. Ambos os protocolos foram implementados e avaliados usando o simulador ns-3. Os resultados obtidos através de várias simulações realizadas para cada um dos protocolos implementados, assim como para o protocolo Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) existente no simulador, permitiram verificar que, o protocolo QMRS com os mecanismos existentes de descoberta, manutenção, recuperação rápida de rota e verificação de incumprimento do requisito de QoS nos caminhos encontrados, permite obter resultados significativamente melhores, comparativamente ao protocolo AODV e ao protocolo AMR, no que diz respeito ao atraso fim a fim, taxa de entrega de pacotes no destino e taxa de transferência efectiva.Nowadays with the increasing of the diversity and the capability of the mobile devices and simultaneously the evolution of multimedia applications, has created the need to propose and evaluate ways of offering guarantees of Quality of Service (QoS) for the end-to-end traffic in the Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). Such networks have the advantage of enabling mobile users, establish quickly and without assistance of an access point a network between them, which make best use of various services. Due to its characteristics, from the fact that it uses a wireless technology up to the impact of node mobility, providing quality of service guarantees in this type of networks for the endto- end traffic becomes a challenge. This thesis proposes a QoS routing protocol for ad hoc networks, which is known as Ad hoc QoS Multipath Routing with Route Stability (QMRS), which aims to support applications with quality of service requirements, namely requirements for the end to end delay. This protocol is able to find up to three disjoint routes that complies with the requirement of QoS. Additionally, and for the purpose of guarantee the stability of the routing process, uses the signal strength of the links between neighboring nodes to elect the most stable route, such route which is now used for forwarding traffic. When it is noted routes with the same stability, preference is given to the route with the lowest end to end delay. The protocol also holds a mechanism for maintenance, recovery and verification of compliance of the QoS requirement in the discovered paths. This protocol was based on the protocol Ad Hoc On-Demand Multipath Routing (AMR), also proposed and implemented during this work. Both protocols have been implemented and evaluated using the simulator ns-3. The results obtained through various simulations for each of the protocols implemented, as well as the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol existent in the network simulator, allowed to verify that the QMRS protocol with the existent mechanisms for discovery, maintenance, rapid recovery of route and verification of compliance of the QoS requirement in the discovered paths, allow to obtain results with significant improvements compared to AODV protocol and AMR protocol, with respect to the average end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput

AdamRTP: Adaptive multi-flow real-time multimedia transport protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Real-time multimedia applications are time sensitive and require extra resources from the network, e.g. large bandwidth and big memory. However, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) suffer from limited resources such as computational, storage, and bandwidth capabilities. Therefore, sending real-time multimedia applications over WSNs can be very challenging. For this reason, we propose an Adaptive Multi-flow Real-time Multimedia Transport Protocol (AdamRTP) that has the ability to ease the process of transmitting real-time multimedia over WSNs by splitting the multimedia source stream into smaller independent flows using an MDC-aware encoder, then sending each flow to the destination using joint/disjoint path. AdamRTP uses dynamic adaptation techniques, e.g. number of flows and rate adaptation. Simulations experiments demonstrate that AdamRTP enhances the Quality of Service (QoS) of transmission. Also, we showed that in an ideal WSN, using multi-flows consumes less power than using a single flow and extends the life-time of the network

Design and validation of a meter band rate in OpenFlow and OpenDaylight for optimizing QoS

Technological developments in the Internet and communications have created a vastly complex and dynamic context with diverse heterogeneous networks and fast growth of mobile devices and multimedia. As the Internet becomes the primary mode of communication for many organisations there is requirement to enhance quality of service (QoS) from heterogeneous systems and networks. Traditional networks such as TETRA have become increasingly incapable of addressing the demand for media rich, bandwidth intensive traffic flows and applications. Mission-critical multimedia over new generation mobile networks face QoS constraints. This research explores a novel solution for quality of service performance for streaming mission-critical video data in OpenFlow SDN networks. A Meter Band Rate Evaluation (MBE) mechanism is advanced that improves the native QoS capability of OpenFlow and OpenDaylight. The MBE is a physical component added to the OpenFlow meter table to evaluate and dynamically adjust traffic rates and allows the traffic volume to be specified relative to other traffic in the network. Its design and development are presented and the mechanism is verified through a simulated experiment in an SDN testbed. The results identified that QoS performance experienced a significant percentage increase when the MBE was active. These findings contribute a novel Meter Band Rate Evaluation mechanism that extends the native capability of OpenFlow and OpenDaylight to enhance the efficiency of QoS provision