Effect of shunted piezoelectric control for tuning piezoelectric power harvesting system responses – Analytical techniques

This paper presents new analytical modelling of shunt circuit control responses for tuning electromechanical piezoelectric vibration power harvesting structures with proof mass offset. For this combination, the dynamic closed-form boundary value equations reduced from strong form variational principles were developed using the extended Hamiltonian principle to formulate the new coupled orthonormalised electromechanical power harvesting equations showing combinations of the mechanical system (dynamical behaviour of piezoelectric structure), electromechanical system (electrical piezoelectric response) and electrical system (tuning and harvesting circuits). The reduced equations can be further formulated to give the complete forms of new electromechanical multi-mode FRFs and time waveform of the standard AC-DC circuit interface. The proposed technique can demonstrate self-adaptive harvesting response capabilities for tuning the frequency band and the power amplitude of the harvesting devices. The self-adaptive tuning strategies are demonstrated by modelling the shunt circuit behaviour of the piezoelectric control layer in order to optimise the harvesting piezoelectric layer during operation under input base excitation. In such situations, with proper tuning parameters the system performance can be substantially improved. Moreover, the validation of the closed-form technique is also provided by developing the Ritz method-based weak form analytical approach giving similar results. Finally, the parametric analytical studies have been explored to identify direct and relevant contributions for vibration power harvesting behaviours

BROADBAND VIBRATION CONTROL THROUGH PERIODIC ARRAYS OF LOCALLY RESONANT INCLUSIONS

openDottorato di ricerca in Ingegneria industriale e dell'informazioneopenZientek, Michal Wladysla

Onset and stabilization of delay-induced instabilities in piezoelectric digital vibration absorbers

The stability of a piezoelectric structure controlled by a digital vibration absorber emulating a shunt circuit is investigated in this work. The formalism of feedback control theory is used to demonstrate that systems with a low electromechanical coupling are prone to delay-induced instabilities entailed by the sampling procedure of the digital unit. An explicit relation is derived between the effective electromechanical coupling factor and the maximum sampling period guaranteeing a stable controlled system. Since this sampling period may be impractically small, a simple modification procedure of the emulated admittance of the shunt circuit is proposed in order to counteract the effect of delays by anticipation. The theoretical developments are experimentally validated on a clamped-free piezoelectric beam

Semi-Passive Control Strategy using Piezoceramic Patches in Non Linear Commutation Architecture for Structural-Acoustic Smart Systems

The demands for novel smart damping materials can be summarized in: external power source not required for operation; device not needing to be tuned to a specific frequency; device operation not affected by changes in modal frequency; device suppressing vibration over a number of modes, weight and size minimized; self-contained unit device. This thesis focuses on these points and it shows that the dilemma between active and passive vibration control may be solved with a new approach, implementing a semipassive technique without penalties in terms of robustness and performance. Connecting a shunt circuit to a piezoelectric transducer leads to a simple and low cost vibration controller that is able to efficiently suppress unwanted structural vibrations: this is a way to fulfil the abovementioned demands. The objective of this work is to develop and validate by an experimental campaign a computational tool integrated with finite element Nastran software. An original 4-channel switched shunt control system has been realized using a tachometer device. The control system has been tested first of all on a simple cantilevered beam attaining a max vibrations reduction of 16.2 dB for the first bending mode. Further reference test article consisted of a 10 ply fibreglass laminate plate. A multimodal control has applied within a band range of 700Hz including the first seven modes. A maximum reduction of 16 dB has been found. Further numerical and experimental tests have been planned to extend the ability of the SSC to produce structural-borne sound reduction in acoustic rigid cavities for fluid-structure interaction problems. Numerical sound power radiation of an aluminium plate, controlled by synchronized switch system, compared with the experimental acoustic energy detected in acoustic room, has been planned in the ongoing activities

Piezo-electromechanical smart materials with distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers: Current and upcoming applications

This review paper intends to gather and organize a series of works which discuss the possibility of exploiting the mechanical properties of distributed arrays of piezoelectric transducers. The concept can be described as follows: on every structural member one can uniformly distribute an array of piezoelectric transducers whose electric terminals are to be connected to a suitably optimized electric waveguide. If the aim of such a modification is identified to be the suppression of mechanical vibrations then the optimal electric waveguide is identified to be the 'electric analog' of the considered structural member. The obtained electromechanical systems were called PEM (PiezoElectroMechanical) structures. The authors especially focus on the role played by Lagrange methods in the design of these analog circuits and in the study of PEM structures and we suggest some possible research developments in the conception of new devices, in their study and in their technological application. Other potential uses of PEMs, such as Structural Health Monitoring and Energy Harvesting, are described as well. PEM structures can be regarded as a particular kind of smart materials, i.e. materials especially designed and engineered to show a specific andwell-defined response to external excitations: for this reason, the authors try to find connection between PEM beams and plates and some micromorphic materials whose properties as carriers of waves have been studied recently. Finally, this paper aims to establish some links among some concepts which are used in different cultural groups, as smart structure, metamaterial and functional structural modifications, showing how appropriate would be to avoid the use of different names for similar concepts. © 2015 - IOS Press and the authors

A review of pzt patches applications in submerged systems

Submerged systems are found in many engineering, biological, and medicinal applications. For such systems, due to the particular environmental conditions and working medium, the research on the mechanical and structural properties at every scale (from macroscopic to nanoscopic), and the control of the system dynamics and induced effects become very difficult tasks. For such purposes in submerged systems, piezoelectric patches (PZTp), which are light, small and economic, have been proved to be a very good solution. PZTp have been recently used as sensors/actuators for applications such as modal analysis, active sound and vibration control, energy harvesting and atomic force microscopes in submerged systems. As a consequence, in these applications, newly developed transducers based on PZTp have become the most used ones, which has improved the state of the art and methods used in these fields. This review paper carefully analyzes and summarizes these applications particularized to submerged structures and shows the most relevant results and findings, which have been obtained thanks to the use of PZTp.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Vibration and Wave Propagation Control of Plates with Periodic Arrays of Shunted Piezoelectric Patches

Periodic arrays of shunted, piezoelectric patches are employed to control waves propagating over the surface of plate structures, and corresponding vibrations. The shunted, piezoelectric patches act as sources of impedance mismatch, which gives rise to interference phenomena resulting from the interaction between incident, reflected and transmitted waves. Periodically distributed mismatch zones, i.e., the piezo patches, produce frequency dependent, wave-dynamic characteristics, which include the generation of band gaps, or stop bands in the frequency domain. The extent of induced band gaps depends on the mismatch in impedance generated by each patch. The total impedance mismatch, in turn, is determined by the added mass and stiffness of each patch as well as the shunting electrical impedance. Proper selection of the shunting electric-circuit thus provides control over the attenuation capabilities of the piezo-plate structure, as well as the ability to adapt to changing excitation conditions. Control of wave-propagation attenuation and vibration reduction for plates with periodic, shunted, piezoelectric patches is demonstrated numerically, employing finite-element models of the considered structures

Possibility of tuning shunt circuits for multimodal damping of vibrations of structure with piezoelectric element

In this paper, an approach is proposed that allows for the selecting of the parameters of the shunt circuit that provide multimodal damping of vibrations for the corresponding piezoelectric element location. This technique is based on a solution to the natural vibration problem for an electroelastic structure with an attached piezoelectric element that is shunted with a single external resonant electric circuit. The solution to the problem is complex natural vibration frequencies. The analysis of their behaviour in the space of external circuit parameters (resistance – inductance) allows one to reveal the possibility of natural vibrations control at several frequencies (multimodal vibration damping). The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated using a shell structure in the form of a semi-cylinder with a piezoelectric element attached to its surface and shunted with a single-branched resonant electric circuit. Some options are considered that provide multimodal damping at several separated frequencies, which are not from the complete frequency range, and at all the frequencies, which are included in a specified frequency range

Piezoelectric digital vibration absorbers for vibration mitigation of bladed structures

Climate change and resource scarcity pose increasingly difficult challenges for the aviation industry requiring a reduction in fossil fuel consumption. To address these problems and increase the efficiency of aircraft engines, some of their parts are now manufactured in one piece. For example, a rotor of the compressor stage of an airplane engine consist of a drum with a large number of blades and is called BluM. These structures are lightweight and feature low structural damping and high modal density. Their particular dynamic characteristics require sophisticated solutions for vibration mitigation of these structures. This is precisely the starting point of this thesis. Based on a digital realization of piezoelectric shunt circuits, we provide a damping concept that is able to tackle the complex dynamics of bladed structures and to mitigate their vibrations. To this end, multiple digital vibration absorbers (DVAs) are used simultaneously. Two new strategies to tune these DVAs are proposed in the thesis, namely the isolated mode and mean shunt strategies. These strategies not only take advantage of the fact that multiple absorbers act simultaneously on the structure, but they also address the problem of closely-spaced modes. In order to target multiple families of BluM modes, these strategies are incorporated in a multi-stage shunt circuit. The concepts are demonstrated experimentally using two bladed structures with increasing complexity, namely a bladed rail and a BluM. Both methods exhibit excellent damping performances on multiple groups of modes. In addition, they prove robust to changes in the host structure which could, e.g., be due to mistuning. Thanks to their digital realization, DVAs are also easily adjustable. Finally, this thesis reveals the parallel that exists between resonant piezoelectric shunts with a negative capacitance and active positive position feedback (PPF) controllers. Based on this comparison, a new H∞ norm-based tuning rule is found for a PPF controller. It is demonstrated using both numerical and experimental cantilever beams. To this end, a method that accounts for the influence of modes higher in frequency than the targeted one is developed.Le changement climatique et la raréfaction des ressources posent des défis de plus en plus complexes à relever pour l'industrie aéronautique. Un de ces défis est la réduction de la consommation en énergies fossiles. Pour accroître l'efficacité des moteurs d'avion, certains de leurs composants sont désormais fabriqués en une seule pièce. Dans le cas des compresseurs, ces pièces monoblocs sont appelées BluMs et sont constituées d’un tambour avec un grand nombre d'aubes. Ce type de structures bénéficie d'un allègement significatif, ce qui conduit à un faible amortissement structurel. De plus, ces pièces monoblocs présentent une densité modale élevée en raison du nombre important de diamètres nodaux. Ces caractéristiques dynamiques particulières nécessitent des solutions d'amortissement sophistiquées. Cette thèse de doctorat aborde cette problématique. En exploitant le concept d'absorbeur de vibration digital (DVA), nous proposons une nouvelle technique d'amortissement des structures aubagées. Deux nouvelles stratégies d'accordage de ces DVA sont développées dans cette thèse, à savoir la stratégie du mode isolé et la stratégie du shunt moyen. Ces méthodes tirent non seulement parti du fait que plusieurs absorbeurs agissent simultanément sur la structure, mais elles s'attaquent aussi au problème des modes proches en fréquence. Afin de cibler plusieurs familles de modes, ces stratégies ont été incorporées dans un circuit de shunt à plusieurs étages. Les concepts sont testés expérimentalement sur deux structures aubagées de complexité croissante, à savoir un rail à aubes et un BluM comme application finale. Ces méthodes permettent d'obtenir d'excellentes performances d'amortissement sur plusieurs groupes de modes. Elles s'avèrent également robustes face à des variations de la structure, dues par exemple à un désaccordage de celle-ci. Il est à noter que, grâce à leur caractère digital, ces méthodes sont facilement adaptables. Finalement, nous révélons le parallèle qui existe entre les shunts piézoélectriques résonants avec une capacitance négative et le contrôleur actif à rétroaction positive de position (PPF). Sur base de cette comparaison, de nouvelles règles d'accordage basées sur la norme H∞ sont développées pour le contrôleur PPF. Leur efficacité est démontrée à la fois numériquement et expérimentalement sur une poutre encastrée-libre. Dans ce but, une méthode prenant en compte l'influence des modes dont la fréquence est supérieure au mode ciblé a été mise sur pied au moyen de facteurs de correction

Quantum acoustics with superconducting circuits

The past 20 years has seen rapid developments in circuit quantum electrodynamics, where superconducting qubits and resonators are used to control and study quantum light-matter interaction at a fundamental level. The development of this field is strongly influenced by quantum information science and the prospect of realizing quantum computation, but also opens up opportunities for combinations of different physical systems and research areas. Superconducting circuits in the microwave domain offer a versatile platform for interfacing with other quantum systems thanks to strong nonlinearities and zero-point fluctuations, as well as flexibility in design and fabrication. Hybrid quantum systems based on circuit quantum electrodynamics could enable novel functionalities by exploiting the strengths of the individual components.This thesis covers experiments coupling superconducting circuits to surface acoustic waves (SAWs), mechanical waves propagating along the surface of a solid. Strong coupling can be engineered using the piezoelectric properties of GaAs substrates, and our experiments exploit this to investigate phenomena in quantum field-matter interaction. A key property of surface acoustic waves is the slow propagation speed, typically five orders of magnitude slower than light in vacuum, and the associated short wavelength. This enables the giant atom regime where the artificial atom in the form of a superconducting circuit is large compared to the wavelength of interacting SAW radiation, a condition which is difficult to realize in other systems. Experiments described in this thesis use these properties to demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency for a mechanical mode, as well as non-Markovian interactions between an artificial giant atom and the SAW field. When the SAW field is confined to a resonant cavity, the short wavelength allows multimode spectra suitable for interacting with a frequency comb. We use a multimode SAW resonator to characterize the ensemble of microscopic two-level system defects with a two-tone spectroscopy approach. Finally, we introduce a hybrid superconducting-SAW resonator with applications in quantum information processing in mind. Experiments with this device demonstrate entanglement of SAW modes, and show promising results on the way to engineer cluster states for quantum computation in continuous variables