Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Brain Disease Diagnosis : Principles and Recent Advances

This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea-Grant funded by the Korean Government (Ministry of Science and ICT) under Grant NRF 2020R1A2B5B02002478, and in part by Sejong University through its Faculty Research Program under Grant 20212023.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A Survey on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis

Deep learning algorithms, in particular convolutional networks, have rapidly become a methodology of choice for analyzing medical images. This paper reviews the major deep learning concepts pertinent to medical image analysis and summarizes over 300 contributions to the field, most of which appeared in the last year. We survey the use of deep learning for image classification, object detection, segmentation, registration, and other tasks and provide concise overviews of studies per application area. Open challenges and directions for future research are discussed.Comment: Revised survey includes expanded discussion section and reworked introductory section on common deep architectures. Added missed papers from before Feb 1st 201

Fusion of magnetic resonance and ultrasound images for endometriosis detection

Endometriosis is a gynecologic disorder that typically affects women in their reproductive age and is associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. In the context of pre-operative diagnosis and guided surgery, endometriosis is a typical example of pathology that requires the use of both magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US) modalities. These modalities are used side by sidebecause they contain complementary information. However, MRI and US images have different spatial resolutions, fields of view and contrasts and are corrupted by different kinds of noise, which results in important challenges related to their analysis by radiologists. The fusion of MR and US images is a way of facilitating the task of medical experts and improve the pre-operative diagnosis and the surgery mapping. The object of this PhD thesis is to propose a new automatic fusion method for MRI and US images. First, we assume that the MR and US images to be fused are aligned, i.e., there is no geometric distortion between these images. We propose a fusion method for MR and US images, which aims at combining the advantages of each modality, i.e., good contrast and signal to noise ratio for the MR image and good spatial resolution for the US image. The proposed algorithm is based on an inverse problem, performing a super-resolution of the MR image and a denoising of the US image. A polynomial function is introduced to modelthe relationships between the gray levels of the MR and US images. However, the proposed fusion method is very sensitive to registration errors. Thus, in a second step, we introduce a joint fusion and registration method for MR and US images. Registration is a complicated task in practical applications. The proposed MR/US image fusion performs jointly super-resolution of the MR image and despeckling of the US image, and is able to automatically account for registration errors. A polynomial function is used to link ultrasound and MR images in the fusion process while an appropriate similarity measure is introduced to handle the registration problem. The proposed registration is based on a non-rigid transformation containing a local elastic B-spline model and a global affine transformation. The fusion and registration operations are performed alternatively simplifying the underlying optimization problem. The interest of the joint fusion and registration is analyzed using synthetic and experimental phantom images

A survey on classification algorithms of brain images in Alzheimer’s disease based on feature extraction techniques

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most serious neurological disorders for elderly people. AD affected patient experiences severe memory loss. One of the main reasons for memory loss in AD patients is atrophy in the hippocampus, amygdala, etc. Due to the enormous growth of AD patients and the paucity of proper diagnostic tools, detection and classification of AD are considered as a challenging research area. Before a Cognitively normal (CN) person develops symptoms of AD, he may pass through an intermediate stage, commonly known as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI is having two stages, namely StableMCI (SMCI) and Progressive MCI (PMCI). In SMCI, a patient remains stable, whereas, in the case of PMCI, a person gradually develops few symptoms of AD. Several research works are in progress on the detection and classification of AD based on changes in the brain. In this paper, we have analyzed few existing state-of-art works for AD detection and classification, based on different feature extraction approaches. We have summarized the existing research articles with detailed observations. We have also compared the performance and research issues in each of the feature extraction mechanisms and observed that the AD classification using the wavelet transform-based feature extraction approaches might achieve convincing results

Recent Advances in Signal Processing

The signal processing task is a very critical issue in the majority of new technological inventions and challenges in a variety of applications in both science and engineering fields. Classical signal processing techniques have largely worked with mathematical models that are linear, local, stationary, and Gaussian. They have always favored closed-form tractability over real-world accuracy. These constraints were imposed by the lack of powerful computing tools. During the last few decades, signal processing theories, developments, and applications have matured rapidly and now include tools from many areas of mathematics, computer science, physics, and engineering. This book is targeted primarily toward both students and researchers who want to be exposed to a wide variety of signal processing techniques and algorithms. It includes 27 chapters that can be categorized into five different areas depending on the application at hand. These five categories are ordered to address image processing, speech processing, communication systems, time-series analysis, and educational packages respectively. The book has the advantage of providing a collection of applications that are completely independent and self-contained; thus, the interested reader can choose any chapter and skip to another without losing continuity

Review : Deep learning in electron microscopy

Deep learning is transforming most areas of science and technology, including electron microscopy. This review paper offers a practical perspective aimed at developers with limited familiarity. For context, we review popular applications of deep learning in electron microscopy. Following, we discuss hardware and software needed to get started with deep learning and interface with electron microscopes. We then review neural network components, popular architectures, and their optimization. Finally, we discuss future directions of deep learning in electron microscopy