636 research outputs found

    Zukunft der Werkstätten. Perspektiven für und von Menschen mit Behinderung zwischen Teilhabe-Auftrag und Mindestlohn

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    Das Buch setzt sich mit der Zukunft bzw. mit Perspektiven der Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderung (WfbM) auseinander. Im heutigen Spannungsfeld der Inklusion werden die Werkstätten einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen. Das Buch greift diese notwendige Auseinandersetzung aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf und verknüpft sie mit Aspekten der über 70-jährigen Geschichte und dem notwendigen Entwicklungsbedarf der Werkstätten. Es beschreibt Grundlagen ebenso wie aktuelle Diskussionsprozesse zur Teilhabe und Inklusion im Kontext von Werkstätten. Durch die kritisch-reflektierende Darstellung vielfältiger Aspekte bietet das Buch differenzierende Anregungen. (DIPF/Orig.

    Seamless Multimodal Biometrics for Continuous Personalised Wellbeing Monitoring

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    Artificially intelligent perception is increasingly present in the lives of every one of us. Vehicles are no exception, (...) In the near future, pattern recognition will have an even stronger role in vehicles, as self-driving cars will require automated ways to understand what is happening around (and within) them and act accordingly. (...) This doctoral work focused on advancing in-vehicle sensing through the research of novel computer vision and pattern recognition methodologies for both biometrics and wellbeing monitoring. The main focus has been on electrocardiogram (ECG) biometrics, a trait well-known for its potential for seamless driver monitoring. Major efforts were devoted to achieving improved performance in identification and identity verification in off-the-person scenarios, well-known for increased noise and variability. Here, end-to-end deep learning ECG biometric solutions were proposed and important topics were addressed such as cross-database and long-term performance, waveform relevance through explainability, and interlead conversion. Face biometrics, a natural complement to the ECG in seamless unconstrained scenarios, was also studied in this work. The open challenges of masked face recognition and interpretability in biometrics were tackled in an effort to evolve towards algorithms that are more transparent, trustworthy, and robust to significant occlusions. Within the topic of wellbeing monitoring, improved solutions to multimodal emotion recognition in groups of people and activity/violence recognition in in-vehicle scenarios were proposed. At last, we also proposed a novel way to learn template security within end-to-end models, dismissing additional separate encryption processes, and a self-supervised learning approach tailored to sequential data, in order to ensure data security and optimal performance. (...)Comment: Doctoral thesis presented and approved on the 21st of December 2022 to the University of Port

    Writing Facts: Interdisciplinary Discussions of a Key Concept in Modernity

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    "Fact" is one of the most crucial inventions of modern times. Susanne Knaller discusses the functions of this powerful notion in the arts and the sciences, its impact on aesthetic models and systems of knowledge. The practice of writing provides an effective procedure to realize and to understand facts. This concerns preparatory procedures, formal choices, models of argumentation, and narrative patterns. By considering "writing facts" and "writing facts", the volume shows why and how "facts" are a result of knowledge, rules, and norms as well as of description, argumentation, and narration. This approach allows new perspectives on »fact« and its impact on modernity

    Writing Together: Kollaboratives Schreiben mit Personen aus dem Feld

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    Kollaboratives Forschen quer zu hegemonialen Wissensordnungen gilt als wichtiger Baustein dekolonialer Wissenspraxis. Gemeinsame Schreibprozesse von Wissenschaftler*innen und ihren nicht-wissenschaftlichen Forschungspartner*innen sind allerdings selten und eine methodologische und forschungspraktische Reflexion fehlt. Die Beiträger*innen widmen sich diesen Lücken, indem sie erfolgreiche, aber auch gescheiterte Projekte kollaborativer Textproduktion zwischen Universität und Feld vorstellen und auf ihr Potenzial als transformative und dekoloniale Wissenspraxis befragen. So entsteht eine praktische Orientierungshilfe, die gleichzeitig die interdisziplinäre Diskussion anregt

    Acute flaccid myelitis and enterovirus D68:‘Where neurologist and microbiologist meet’

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    Polio or poliomyelitis has affected many people in the previous century. Through the implementation of an effective vaccine against poliovirus, it nowadays only rarely occurs. However, in the past decade, children were seen with a similar condition caused by other viruses, such as enterovirus D68. This condition, which may be associated with severe paralysis, is called ‘acute flaccid myelitis’ (AFM), independent of the causative virus. In 2016, the first children in the Netherlands were diagnosed with AFM. These children developed severe weakness of their limbs, while respiratory and bulbar muscles were also affected in some. All these children were vaccinated against polio and no poliovirus was found. Instead, enterovirus D68 was detected in respiratory material in several of them. This virus usually causes a respiratory tract infection, which may be severe. However, in rare cases it can damage anterior horn cells in the spinal cord, thereby causing paralysis.AFM is rare, with approximately two cases per year in the Netherlands. For doctors, it is difficult to recognize and differentiate it from other conditions, that also cause rapidly progressive weakness. Therefore, we aimed to find clinical and diagnostic features that may help in making the right diagnosis. Collaboration between neurologists and microbiologists is essential for this. There is currently no effective treatment, but differentiation with conditions that are treatable is important. We must remain aware of AFM and monitor new cases. This will hopefully create opportunities for treatment and possibly prevention through vaccination

    Integrating Generative Artificial Intelligence in Intelligent Vehicle Systems

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    This paper aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners, offering insights into the current state, potential applications, and future research directions for generative artificial intelligence and foundation models within the context of intelligent vehicles. As the automotive industry progressively integrates AI, generative artificial intelligence technologies hold the potential to revolutionize user interactions, delivering more immersive, intuitive, and personalised in-car experiences. We provide an overview of current applications of generative artificial intelligence in the automotive domain, emphasizing speech, audio, vision, and multimodal interactions. We subsequently outline critical future research areas, including domain adaptability, alignment, multimodal integration and others, as well as, address the challenges and risks associated with ethics. By fostering collaboration and addressing these research areas, generative artificial intelligence can unlock its full potential, transforming the driving experience and shaping the future of intelligent vehicles.Comment: under revie

    Visualization and manipulation of repair and regeneration in biological systems using light

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    Tissue repair after an injury is a fundamental process in biomedicine. It can involve regeneration, which uses new growth to restore tissue function. The interest in repair and regeneration is motivated by the desire to treat injuries and diseases and has attracted researchers for centuries. In the last decades, it evolved in the field of regenerative medicine, which has the ultimate goal of providing strategies for regenerating human cells, tissues, or even organs, for instance, via engineering principles. Already since the first experiments on regeneration by Abraham Trembley, novel findings in biomedicine, repair, and regeneration have been enabled or accompanied by research in optics, for example, on the development of novel microscopy techniques. Nowadays, novel optical techniques are advancing, which allow to understand the role of single cells in tissue repair processes. Moreover, repair processes within cells can be visualized and manipulated. Ultimately, optics can provide enabling techniques for regenerative therapies. This habilitation thesis aims to present several of these advances. On a single cell level, femtosecond laser nanosurgery was used to target specific intracellular structures during concurrent imaging in vitro. The relation of femtosecond laser nanosurgery to the cell state and cellular staining was investigated. Manipulation of single Z-discs in cardiomyocytes using a femtosecond oscillator laser system was accomplished, which allows to better elucidate the role of a single Z-disc in cardiomyocyte function. In particular, measurements on cell survival, (calcium-) homeostasis, and morphology yielded only minor deviations from control cells after single Z-disc ablation. A reduction in force generation was elucidated via traction force microscopy and gene expression level changes, for instance, an upregulation of -actinin were examined. Additionally, light-based systems to influence single cells in their alignment or to trigger single cells, for example, to activate other cells via optogenetics were applied. On the tissue scale, imaging via confocal microscopy or multiphoton microscopy has been applied for various contexts of regenerative approaches. Furthermore, a fiber-based imaging approach, which could later be used for longitudinal imaging in vivo and builds upon a fluorescence microscope system and an imaging fiber bundle in combination with reconstruction via a neural network, was developed. As another imaging strategy, an abdominal imaging window served to image the mouse liver in vivo via multiphoton microscopy in successive imaging sessions. Manipulation in tissue was applied in colonoids, which resemble the structure of the colon on an in vitro scale, and revealed different cell dynamics dependent on the location of the damage. In particular, activation of the Wnt signaling pathway after crypt damage was observed. Cell ablation via a femtosecond laser amplifier system during concurrent two-photon microscopy was also established during in vivo liver imaging to study micro-regenerative processes. Furthermore, laser-based delivery processes with novel materials or in the context of genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology were investigated as enabling technologies for regenerative medicine. In conclusion, this thesis addresses the question of how optics can help to illuminate future directions in research on tissue repair and regeneration, as well as, regenerative therapies by addressing (longitudinal) imaging in a complex environment, sophisticated cell-manipulation strategies, and the application of novel materials for laser-based delivery

    Buch-Aisthesis

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    Literatur kann auch als Verbund von Medien betrachtet werden, die in Kooperations- und Konkurrenzverhältnissen auftreten. Dies wird umso deutlicher, wenn aus literatur- und designwissenschaftlicher Perspektive auf die Beobachtung der Differenz von typographischen und anderen, grundsätzlich nonverbalen visuellen Daten abgestellt wird. Die Beiträger*innen des Bandes leiten daraus ein Verhältnis von Literatur- und Kunstwissenschaft zu ihren Gegenständen ab, das nicht zuletzt zu einer neuen Aufmerksamkeit für die skripturale und typographische Materialität und Medialität der Literatur führt. Dabei geht es um die Theorie der Reflexion und die Praxis der Erzeugung einer je spezifischen Buch-Ästhetik

    Exkursionsdidaktik. Geographische Bildung in der Grundschule

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    Für den vielperspektivischen (Sach-)Unterricht der Grundschule ist der Lebensweltbezug eine zentrale Orientierung. Exkursionen sind ein idealer Zugang, die Lebenswelt in den Unterricht zu bringen. Der vorliegende Sammelband zeigt an Hand von konkreten Anwendungsbeispielen fünfzehn exkursionsdidaktische Methoden für die Grundschule auf, die auf verschiedenste Lernumgebungen und Orte transferiert werden können. Dabei werden nicht nur klassische Exkursionen realisiert, sondern insbesondere auch schüler*innenzentrierte sowie medial augmentierte und digitale Exkursionen vorgestellt. Mit jeder Exkursionsmethode wird ein leitendes fachdidaktisches Prinzip geographischer und sachunterrichtlicher Bildung eingeführt und angewandt, so dass mit diesem Band neben der Methodenvielfalt auch eine breite konzeptionelldidaktische Orientierung vermittelt wird. (DIPF/Orig.
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