90 research outputs found

    Auctions and Electronic Markets

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    Reaching inter-institutional business processes in e-Society

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    Each business enterprise strives to achieve the most efficient organization of its operations. While business enterprises can influence internal factors of organization, external factors are more rigid. Public organizations have less of an incentive to be efficient. Furthermore, their organization is less favorable since the decision making is centralized and highly formal (i.e. legislative). Adoption of business process orientation (BPO) paradigm,with an emphasis on the management of internal factors of organization, has provided business organizations with substantial savings and improvements in efficiency. However, external factors also have a high potential for improvement of efficiency. For instance, development of supply chains or value chains has proven that external factors can be harnessed to provide additional sources of competitiveness. Other external factors can also beused to improve the performance of individual organizations, an entire industry or economy as a whole. These synergic effects can be achieved through a unified and virtualized communication infrastructure, document exchange and conduct of business transactions. The goal of this paper is to present business environment properties in an e-Society that can be further developed to enhance integration between organizations and public institutions, which in turn can be used to create and manage inter-institutional business processes. This typeof processes can promote e-business and e-business models to a new level of efficiency, making a whole industry or national economy comparatively more competitivein international markets.business processes; public administration; e-business; e-society; interactions

    Demand driven web services

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    Web services are playing a pivotal role in e-business, service intelligence, and service science. Demand-driven web services are becoming important for web services and service computing. However, many fundamental issues are still ignored to some extent. For example, what is the demand theory for web services, what is a demand-driven architecture for web services and what is a demand-driven web service lifecycle remain open. This chapter addresses these issues by examining fundamentals for demand analysis in web services, and proposing a demand-driven architecture for web services. It also proposes a demand-driven web service lifecycle for the main players in web services: Service providers, service requestors and service brokers, respectively. It then provides a unified perspective on demand-driven web service lifecycles. The proposed approaches will facilitate research and development of web services, e-services, service intelligence, service science and service computing

    CloudAnchor Smart Contracts

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    The CloudAnchor platform allows the negotiation of IaaS Cloud resources for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME), either as resource providers or consumers. This project entails the research, design, and implementation of a solution based on smart contracts, with the goal of permanently recording and managing the contracts on a blockchain network. The usage of smart contracts enables safe contract code execution and raises the level of trust, integrity, and traceability of the platform contracts by keeping the data stored in a decentralised manner. To do so, a method to coordinate and submit transactions to the blockchain network must be implemented. The tests carried out indicate that the solution has been successfully implemented, with contract registration saved in a decentralised and safe manner. As a result, there was an increase in the platformā€™s execution time, caused by the new transactions made to the blockchain.A plataforma CloudAnchor permite a negociaĆ§Ć£o e contratualizaĆ§Ć£o de recursos Cloud do tipo IaaS a pequenas e mĆ©dias empresas, sejam elas fornecedoras ou clientes. Este trabalho inclui o estudo, projeto e implementaĆ§Ć£o de uma soluĆ§Ć£o baseada em smart contracts, com o objetivo de administrar e registar de forma permanente os contratos celebrados numa rede blockchain. A utilizaĆ§Ć£o de smart contracts permite executar o respetivo cĆ³digo de forma segura e aumentar o nĆ­vel de confianƧa, integridade e rastreabilidade dos contratos celebrados na plataforma, guardando-os de forma descentralizada. Para tal, Ć© necessĆ”rio implementar um mecanismo de coordenaĆ§Ć£o e submissĆ£o de transaƧƵes para a rede blockchain. Os testes realizados permitiram concluir que a implementaĆ§Ć£o da soluĆ§Ć£o foi bem sucedida, passando os contratos a ficar guardados de forma descentralizada e segura. Em consequĆŖncia, verificou-se um aumento do tempo de execuĆ§Ć£o da plataforma provocado pelas novas transaƧƵes com a blockchain

    Enhancing Agent Mediated Electronic Markets with Ontology Matching Services and Social Network Support

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    Os Mercados EletrĆ³nicos atingiram uma complexidade e nĆ­vel de sofisticaĆ§Ć£o tĆ£o elevados, que tornaram inadequados os modelos de software convencionais. Estes mercados sĆ£o caracterizados por serem abertos, dinĆ¢micos e competitivos, e constituĆ­dos por vĆ”rias entidades independentes e heterogĆ©neas. Tais entidades desempenham os seus papĆ©is de forma autĆ³noma, seguindo os seus objetivos, reagindo Ć s ocorrĆŖncias do ambiente em que se inserem e interagindo umas com as outras. Esta realidade levou a que existisse por parte da comunidade cientĆ­fica um especial interesse no estudo da negociaĆ§Ć£o automĆ”tica executada por agentes de software [Zhang et al., 2011]. No entanto, a diversidade dos atores envolvidos pode levar Ć  existĆŖncia de diferentes conceptualizaƧƵes das suas necessidades e capacidades dando origem a incompatibilidades semĆ¢nticas, que podem prejudicar a negociaĆ§Ć£o e impedir a ocorrĆŖncia de transaƧƵes que satisfaƧam as partes envolvidas. Os novos mercados devem, assim, possuir mecanismos que lhes permitam exibir novas capacidades, nomeadamente a capacidade de auxiliar na comunicaĆ§Ć£o entre os diferentes agentes. Pelo que, Ć© defendido neste trabalho que os mercados devem oferecer serviƧos de ontologias que permitam facilitar a interoperabilidade entre os agentes. No entanto, os humanos tendem a ser relutantes em aceitar a conceptualizaĆ§Ć£o de outros, a nĆ£o ser que sejam convencidos de que poderĆ£o conseguir um bom negĆ³cio. Neste contexto, a aplicaĆ§Ć£o e exploraĆ§Ć£o de relaƧƵes capturadas em redes sociais pode resultar no estabelecimento de relaƧƵes de confianƧa entre vendedores e consumidores, e ao mesmo tempo, conduzir a um aumento da eficiĆŖncia da negociaĆ§Ć£o e consequentemente na satisfaĆ§Ć£o das partes envolvidas. O sistema AEMOS Ć© uma plataforma de comĆ©rcio eletrĆ³nico baseada em agentes que inclui serviƧos de ontologias, mais especificamente, serviƧos de alinhamento de ontologias, incluindo a recomendaĆ§Ć£o de possĆ­veis alinhamentos entre as ontologias dos parceiros de negociaĆ§Ć£o. Este sistema inclui tambĆ©m uma componente baseada numa rede social, que Ć© construĆ­da aplicando tĆ©cnicas de anĆ”lise de redes socias sobre informaĆ§Ć£o recolhida pelo mercado, e que permite melhorar a recomendaĆ§Ć£o de alinhamentos e auxiliar os agentes na sua escolha. Neste trabalho sĆ£o apresentados o desenvolvimento e implementaĆ§Ć£o do sistema AEMOS, mais concretamente: ā€¢ Ɖ proposto um novo modelo para comĆ©rcio eletrĆ³nico baseado em agentes que disponibiliza serviƧos de ontologias; ā€¢ Adicionalmente propƵem-se o uso de redes sociais emergentes para captar e explorar informaĆ§Ć£o sobre relaƧƵes entre os diferentes parceiros de negĆ³cio; ā€¢ Ɖ definida e implementada uma componente de serviƧos de ontologias que Ć© capaz de: ā€¢ o Sugerir alinhamentos entre ontologias para pares de agentes; ā€¢ o Traduzir mensagens escritas de acordo com uma ontologia em mensagens escritas de acordo com outra, utilizando alinhamentos previamente aprovados; ā€¢ o Melhorar os seus prĆ³prios serviƧos recorrendo Ć s funcionalidades disponibilizadas pela componente de redes sociais; ā€¢ Ɖ definida e implementada uma componente de redes sociais que: ā€¢ o Ɖ capaz de construir e gerir um grafo de relaƧƵes de proximidade entre agentes, e de relaƧƵes de adequaĆ§Ć£o de alinhamentos a agentes, tendo em conta os perfis, comportamento e interaĆ§Ć£o dos agentes, bem como a cobertura e utilizaĆ§Ć£o dos alinhamentos; ā€¢ o Explora e adapta tĆ©cnicas e algoritmos de anĆ”lise de redes sociais Ć s vĆ”rias fases dos processos do mercado eletrĆ³nico. A implementaĆ§Ć£o e experimentaĆ§Ć£o do modelo proposto demonstra como a colaboraĆ§Ć£o entre os diferentes agentes pode ser vantajosa na melhoria do desempenho do sistema e como a inclusĆ£o e combinaĆ§Ć£o de serviƧos de ontologias e redes sociais se reflete na eficiĆŖncia da negociaĆ§Ć£o de transaƧƵes e na dinĆ¢mica do mercado como um todo.In electronic commerce, the diversity of the involved actors can lead to different conceptualizations of their needs and capabilities, giving rise to semantic incompatibilities that might hamper negotiations and the fulfilling of satisfactory transactions. In order to provide help in conversation among different actors, markets must offer ontology services to facilitate interoperability. However, humans tend to be reluctant to accept othersā€™ conceptualizations, except if they become convinced that a good deal can be achieved. In this context, the application and exploitation of relationships captured by social networks can result in the establishment of more accurate trust relationships between businesses and customers, as well as the improvement of the negotiation efficiency and therefore the usersā€™ satisfaction with the electronic commerce system. The AEMOS system is an agent-based electronic commerce platform that provides ontology matching services in order to facilitate the interoperability between agents that use different ontologies. AEMOS also includes a social network component that allows improving the ontology alignment recommendations and supporting the agentsā€™ decisions about which alignments to select based on the information collected throughout the market and by exploring social network analysis techniques. This work presents the development and implementation of the AEMOS system, illustrating how the collaboration between the different agents can be helpful in improving the systemā€™s performance, and how the inclusion and combination of ontology services and social networks reflects in the efficiency of the negotiation process
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