1,091 research outputs found

    Multi-user detection for the ARGOS satellite system

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    International audienceIn this paper, we evaluate several multiuser detection (MUD) architectures for the reception of asynchronous beacon signals in the ARGOS satellite system. The case of synchronous signals is studied first. Though impractical, this case provides useful guidance on the second part of the study, that is, the design of MUD receivers for asynchronous users. This paper focuses more particularly on successive interference cancellation (SIC) receivers because they have been shown to achieve a good performance complexity trade-off. Several Eb=N0 degradation curves are obtained as a function of channel parameters. With these curves, a performance analysis is presented in order to determine in which conditions it is possible to successfully decode none, one, or more beacon signals. We show that SIC receivers can improve the percentage of served beacons from 50% to more than 67% for a population of 37,600 beacons

    Multiuser Detection For Asynchronous ARGOS Signals

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    In this paper, we investigate the application of multiuser detection techniques to a Low Polar Orbit (LPO) mobile satellite used in the ARGOS system. These techniques are used to mitigate the multiple access interference in the uplink transmission of the system. Unlike CDMA, due to the Doppler Effect, each signal has a different received carrier frequency and a different propagation delay. Multiuser detection techniques are proposed for asynchronous transmission in ARGOS system: the maximum likelihood detector, the conventional detector, and the sequential interference cancellation detector, as solutions to tackle the interference effects. Bit Error Rate performance graphs are shown for these techniques

    Impact of Imperfect Parameter Estimation on the Performance of Multi-User ARGOS Receivers

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    In this paper, we analyze the performance of Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) receivers in the context of the ARGOS satellite system. Multi-user SIC receivers are studied in presence of imperfect estimates of signal parameters. We derive performance graphs that show the parameter ranges over which a successful demodulation of all users is possible. First, the graphs are derived in the context of perfect parameter estimation. Then, imperfect parameter estimation is considered. Erroneous estimations affect both the amplitude and the time delay of the received signal. Carrier frequencies are assumed to be accurately measured by the receiver. ARGOS SIC receivers are shown to be both robust to imperfect amplitude estimation and sensitive to imperfect time delay estimation

    Non Data Aided Parameter Estimation for Multi-User ARGOS Receivers

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    In this paper, parameter estimators are analyzed in the context of Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) receivers for the ARGOS system. A Non Data Aided (NDA) feed forward estimator is proposed for the amplitude and the carrier phase parameters. Time delays are assumed to be known. A Window Accumulator (WA) is used to reduce the influence of the additive noise. In the presence of frequency offset, the window length L cannot be chosen arbitrarily large but an optimal length Lopt can be determined. However, because the estimator induces a different optimal length for each parameter, a trade-off must be made. We show that a window length of around 35 samples induces mean square errors (MSEs) lower than 0.012 for both parameters. The MSE of the proposed estimator is also compared to the Modified CramÂŽer Rao Bound (MCRB)

    Traitement des signaux Argos 4

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    Cette thĂšse est dĂ©diĂ© Ă  l’étude de la problĂ©matique des interfĂ©rences multi utilisateurs dans le systĂšme Argos et Ă  la proposition des diverses techniques pour rĂ©duire les effets de ces interfĂ©rences. Le systĂšme Argos est un systĂšme mondial de localisation et de collecte de donnĂ©es gĂ©o positionnĂ©es par satellite. Il permet Ă  l’échelle mondiale de collecter et de traiter les donnĂ©es Ă©mises par des Ă©metteurs installĂ©s sur la surface de terre. Ces Ă©metteurs sont connus sous le nom de balises. Ces balises sont installĂ©es sur des voiliers, des stations mĂ©tĂ©o, des bouĂ©es, ainsi que sur quelques animaux (phoques, penguins, etc.
). Le systĂšme Argos a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă© en 1978 par le Centre National des Études spatiales (CNES), l’agence spatiale amĂ©ricaine (NASA) et l’agence amĂ©ricaine d’étude de l’atmosphĂšre et de l’ocĂ©an (NOAA). Depuis sa crĂ©ation, le nombre de balises Argos n’a cessĂ© d’augmenter afin de couvrir au mieux la couverture mondiale. Nous sommes orientĂ©s ainsi Ă  la saturation de la bande d’émission et Ă  la prĂ©sence des interfĂ©rences multi utilisateurs (MUI) provenant de la rĂ©ception simultanĂ©e de plusieurs signaux Ă©mis par les balises. Cette MUI limite la capacitĂ© du systĂšme Argos et dĂ©grade les performances en termes de Taux Erreur Bit (TEB). Actuellement, le systĂšme Argos n’est capable de traiter qu’un seul signal reçu Ă  un instant donnĂ©. D’oĂč, l’intĂ©rĂȘt d’implanter des techniques au niveau du rĂ©cepteur capable de rĂ©duire les effets des interfĂ©rences et de traiter les signaux Ă©mis par toutes les balises. Plusieurs techniques de dĂ©tection multi utilisateurs (MUD) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es dans le cadre de cette problĂ©matique. Ces techniques sont principalement implantĂ©es dans les systĂšmes CDMA oĂč des codes d’étalement sont utilisĂ©s afin de diffĂ©rencier entre les diffĂ©rents signaux. Ceci n’est pas le cas du systĂšme Argos oĂč les signaux ne prĂ©sentent pas des sĂ©quences d’étalement et que les bandes de frĂ©quences pour ces diffĂ©rents signaux ne sont pas disjointes Ă  cause de l’effet Doppler et donc, un recouvrement spectral au niveau du rĂ©cepteur est trĂšs probable. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif du travail prĂ©sentĂ© dans cette thĂšse est d’étudier diffĂ©rentes techniques MUD appliquĂ©es au systĂšme Argos et d’évaluer ces techniques au niveau des performances en termes de TEB et de complexitĂ© d’implantation. Dans ce travail, nous prĂ©sentons les diffĂ©rentes composantes du systĂšme Argos ainsi que son mode de fonctionnement. Ensuite, nous prĂ©sentons la problĂ©matique dans le systĂšme Argos ainsi que les diffĂ©rentes solutions proposĂ©es. Parmi ces solutions, nous montrons celle basant sur l’implantation des techniques MUD au niveau du rĂ©cepteur. Ces diffĂ©rentes techniques MUD sont alors prĂ©sentĂ©es ainsi que les avantages et les inconvĂ©nients de chacune d’elles. Parmi les techniques possĂ©dant un bon compromis entre les performances d’une part et la complexitĂ© d’autre part, nous notons la technique d’annulation par sĂ©rie d’interfĂ©rence (SIC). Dans cette technique, les signaux sont dĂ©modulĂ©s successivement suivant l’ordre dĂ©croissant des puissances. Cette technique nĂ©cessite une Ă©tape d’estimation des paramĂštres des signaux Ă  chaque Ă©tape. L’impact d’une estimation imparfaite des diffĂ©rents paramĂštres est aussi Ă©tudiĂ©. AprĂšs l’étude des impacts des erreurs d’estimation, nous proposons des estimateurs adaptables au systĂšme Argos. Les performances de ces estimateurs sont obtenues en comparant les variances de leurs erreurs aux bornes de Cramer Rao (CRB). Enfin, nous terminons le travail par une conclusion gĂ©nĂ©rale des rĂ©sultats obtenus et nous envisageons les perspectives des prochains travaux. ABSTRACT : In our thesis, we investigate the application of multi user detection techniques to a Low Polar Orbit (LPO) satellite used in the Argos system. Argos is a global satellite-based location and data collection system dedicated for studying and protecting the environment. User platforms, each equipped with a Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT), transmit data messages to a 850 km LPO satellite. An ARGOS satellite receives, decodes, and forwards the signals to ground stations. All PTTs transmit at random times in a 100 kHz bandwidth using different carrier frequencies. The central carrier frequency f0 is 401.65 MHz. Due to the relative motion between the satellite and the platforms, signals transmitted by PTTs are affected by both a different Doppler shift and a different propagation delay. Thus, the Argos satellite receives overlapping signals in both frequency and time domains inducing Multiple Access Interference (MAI). One common approach to mitigate the MAI problem is to implement Multi User Detection (MUD) techniques at the receiver. To tackle this problem, several MUD techniques have been proposed for the reception of synchronous and asynchronous users. In particular, the Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) detector has been shown to offer a good optimality-complexity trade-off compared to other common approaches such as the Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver. In an Argos SIC receiver, users are decoded in a successive manner, and the signals of successfully decoded users are subtracted from the waveform before decoding the next user. This procedure involves a parameter estimation step and the impact of erroneous parameter estimates on the performance of Argos SIC receiver has been studied. Argos SIC receiver has been shown to be both robust to imperfect amplitude and phase estimation and sensitive to imperfect time delay estimation. The last part of our work focuses on the implementation of digital estimators for the Argos system. In particular, we propose a time delay estimator, a frequency estimator, a phase estimator and an amplitude estimator. These estimators are derived from the ML principle and they have been already derived for the single user transmission. In our work, we adapt successfully these estimators for the multi user detector case. These estimators use the Non Data Aided (NDA) cases in which no a priori information for the transmitted bits is required. The performance of these different estimators are compared to the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) values. Finally, we conclude in our work by showing the different results obtained during this dissertation. Also, we give some perspectives for future work on Argos system

    Traitement des signaux Argos 4

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    Cette thĂšse est dĂ©diĂ© Ă  l Ă©tude de la problĂ©matique des interfĂ©rences multi utilisateurs dans le systĂšme Argos et Ă  la proposition des diverses techniques pour rĂ©duire les effets de ces interfĂ©rences. Le systĂšme Argos est un systĂšme mondial de localisation et de collecte de donnĂ©es gĂ©o positionnĂ©es par satellite. Il permet Ă  l Ă©chelle mondiale de collecter et de traiter les donnĂ©es Ă©mises par des Ă©metteurs installĂ©s sur la surface de terre. Ces Ă©metteurs sont connus sous le nom de balises. Ces balises sont installĂ©es sur des voiliers, des stations mĂ©tĂ©o, des bouĂ©es, ainsi que sur quelques animaux (phoques, penguins, etc. ). Le systĂšme Argos a Ă©tĂ© crĂ©Ă© en 1978 par le Centre National des Études spatiales (CNES), l agence spatiale amĂ©ricaine (NASA) et l agence amĂ©ricaine d Ă©tude de l atmosphĂšre et de l ocĂ©an (NOAA). Depuis sa crĂ©ation, le nombre de balises Argos n a cessĂ© d augmenter afin de couvrir au mieux la couverture mondiale. Nous sommes orientĂ©s ainsi Ă  la saturation de la bande d Ă©mission et Ă  la prĂ©sence des interfĂ©rences multi utilisateurs (MUI) provenant de la rĂ©ception simultanĂ©e de plusieurs signaux Ă©mis par les balises. Cette MUI limite la capacitĂ© du systĂšme Argos et dĂ©grade les performances en termes de Taux Erreur Bit (TEB). Actuellement, le systĂšme Argos n est capable de traiter qu un seul signal reçu Ă  un instant donnĂ©. D oĂč, l intĂ©rĂȘt d implanter des techniques au niveau du rĂ©cepteur capable de rĂ©duire les effets des interfĂ©rences et de traiter les signaux Ă©mis par toutes les balises. Plusieurs techniques de dĂ©tection multi utilisateurs (MUD) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es dans le cadre de cette problĂ©matique. Ces techniques sont principalement implantĂ©es dans les systĂšmes CDMA oĂč des codes d Ă©talement sont utilisĂ©s afin de diffĂ©rencier entre les diffĂ©rents signaux. Ceci n est pas le cas du systĂšme Argos oĂč les signaux ne prĂ©sentent pas des sĂ©quences d Ă©talement et que les bandes de frĂ©quences pour ces diffĂ©rents signaux ne sont pas disjointes Ă  cause de l effet Doppler et donc, un recouvrement spectral au niveau du rĂ©cepteur est trĂšs probable. Dans ce contexte, l objectif du travail prĂ©sentĂ© dans cette thĂšse est d Ă©tudier diffĂ©rentes techniques MUD appliquĂ©es au systĂšme Argos et d Ă©valuer ces techniques au niveau des performances en termes de TEB et de complexitĂ© d implantation. Dans ce travail, nous prĂ©sentons les diffĂ©rentes composantes du systĂšme Argos ainsi que son mode de fonctionnement. Ensuite, nous prĂ©sentons la problĂ©matique dans le systĂšme Argos ainsi que les diffĂ©rentes solutions proposĂ©es. Parmi ces solutions, nous montrons celle basant sur l implantation des techniques MUD au niveau du rĂ©cepteur. Ces diffĂ©rentes techniques MUD sont alors prĂ©sentĂ©es ainsi que les avantages et les inconvĂ©nients de chacune d elles. Parmi les techniques possĂ©dant un bon compromis entre les performances d une part et la complexitĂ© d autre part, nous notons la technique d annulation par sĂ©rie d interfĂ©rence (SIC). Dans cette technique, les signaux sont dĂ©modulĂ©s successivement suivant l ordre dĂ©croissant des puissances. Cette technique nĂ©cessite une Ă©tape d estimation des paramĂštres des signaux Ă  chaque Ă©tape. L impact d une estimation imparfaite des diffĂ©rents paramĂštres est aussi Ă©tudiĂ©. AprĂšs l Ă©tude des impacts des erreurs d estimation, nous proposons des estimateurs adaptables au systĂšme Argos. Les performances de ces estimateurs sont obtenues en comparant les variances de leurs erreurs aux bornes de Cramer Rao (CRB). Enfin, nous terminons le travail par une conclusion gĂ©nĂ©rale des rĂ©sultats obtenus et nous envisageons les perspectives des prochains travaux.In our thesis, we investigate the application of multi user detection techniques to a Low Polar Orbit (LPO) satellite used in the Argos system. Argos is a global satellite-based location and data collection system dedicated for studying and protecting the environment. User platforms, each equipped with a Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT), transmit data messages to a 850 km LPO satellite. An ARGOS satellite receives, decodes, and forwards the signals to ground stations. All PTTs transmit at random times in a 100 kHz bandwidth using different carrier frequencies. The central carrier frequency f0 is 401.65 MHz. Due to the relative motion between the satellite and the platforms, signals transmitted by PTTs are affected by both a different Doppler shift and a different propagation delay. Thus, the Argos satellite receives overlapping signals in both frequency and time domains inducing Multiple Access Interference (MAI). One common approach to mitigate the MAI problem is to implement Multi User Detection (MUD) techniques at the receiver. To tackle this problem, several MUD techniques have been proposed for the reception of synchronous and asynchronous users. In particular, the Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) detector has been shown to offer a good optimality-complexity trade-off compared to other common approaches such as the Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver. In an Argos SIC receiver, users are decoded in a successive manner, and the signals of successfully decoded users are subtracted from the waveform before decoding the next user. This procedure involves a parameter estimation step and the impact of erroneous parameter estimates on the performance of Argos SIC receiver has been studied. Argos SIC receiver has been shown to be both robust to imperfect amplitude and phase estimation and sensitive to imperfect time delay estimation. The last part of our work focuses on the implementation of digital estimators for the Argos system. In particular, we propose a time delay estimator, a frequency estimator, a phase estimator and an amplitude estimator. These estimators are derived from the ML principle and they have been already derived for the single user transmission. In our work, we adapt successfully these estimators for the multi user detector case. These estimators use the Non Data Aided (NDA) cases in which no a priori information for the transmitted bits is required. The performance of these different estimators are compared to the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) values. Finally, we conclude in our work by showing the different results obtained during this dissertation. Also, we give some perspectives for future work on Argos system.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

    NASA News

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    The launch of NOAA E, an advanced TIROS N (ATN) environmental monitoring satellite, carrying special search and rescue instrumentation is announced. NOAA E carries instrumentation for a demonstration to search and rescue (SAR) mission agencies for evaluation of a satellite aided SAR system that may lead to the establishment of an operational capability. The ability of a spaceborne system to acquire, track and locate existing Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs) that are being used aboard general aviation and other aircraft, and ships, and are operating on 121.5 and 243 Megahertz frequencies is demonstrated

    Polar communications: Status and recommendations. Report of the Science Working Group

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    The capabilities of the existing communication links within the polar regions, as well as between the polar regions and the continental United States, are summarized. These capabilities are placed in the context of the principal scientific disciplines that are active in polar research, and in the context of how scientists both utilize and are limited by present technologies. Based on an assessment of the scientific objectives potentially achievable with improved communication capabilities, a list of requirements on and recommendations for communication capabilities necessary to support polar science over the next ten years is given

    Europe's Space capabilities for the benefit of the Arctic

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    In recent years, the Arctic region has acquired an increasing environmental, social, economic and strategic importance. The Arctic’s fragile environment is both a direct and key indicator of the climate change and requires specific mitigation and adaptation actions. The EU has a clear strategic interest in playing a key role and is actively responding to the impacts of climate change safeguarding the Arctic’s fragile ecosystem, ensuring a sustainable development, particularly in the European part of the Arctic. The European Commission’s Joint Research Centre has recently completed a study aimed at identifying the capabilities and relevant synergies across the four domains of the EU Space Programme: earth observation, satellite navigation, satellite communications, and space situational awareness (SSA). These synergies are expected to be key enablers of new services that will have a high societal impact in the region, which could be developed in a more cost-efficient and rapid manner. Similarly, synergies will also help exploit to its full extent operational services that are already deployed in the Arctic (e.g., the Copernicus emergency service or the Galileo Search and rescue service could greatly benefit from improved satellite communications connectivity in the region).JRC.E.2-Technology Innovation in Securit

    Meteorological satellites

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    An overview is presented of the meteorological satellite programs that have been evolving from 1958 to the present, and plans for the future meteorological and environmental satellite systems that are scheduled to be placed into service in the early 1980's are reviewed. The development of the TIROS family of weather satellites, including TIROS, ESSA, ITOS/NOAA, and the present TIROS-N (the third generation operational system) is summarized. The contribution of the Nimbus and ATS technology satellites to the development of the operational-orbiting and geostationary satellites is discussed. Included are descriptions of both the TIROS-N and the DMSP payloads currently under development to assure a continued and orderly growth of these systems into the 1980's
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