Integrated Planning of Multi-energy Grids: Concepts and Challenges

In order to meet ever-stricter climate targets and achieve the eventual decarbonization of the energy supply of German industrial metropolises, the focus is on gradually phasing out nuclear power, then coal and gas combined with the increased use of renewable energy sources and employing hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. While complete electrification of the energy supply of households and the transportation sector may be the ultimate goal, a transitional phase is necessary as such massive as well as rapid expansion of the electrical distribution grid is infeasible. Additionally, German industries have expressed their plans to use hydrogen as their primary strategy in meeting carbon targets. This poses challenges to the existing electrical, gas, and heating distribution grids. It becomes necessary to integrate the planning and developing procedures for these grids to maximize efficiencies and guarantee security of supply during the transition. The aim of this paper is thus to highlight those challenges and present novel concepts for the integrated planning of the three grids as one multi-energy grid.Comment: NEIS 2022; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage System

A Study on enhance of social acceptance for floating solar power using shared water surface: focusing on in-depth interviews of floating solar power development managers

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Management,2020.Korea is a country that emits large amounts of greenhouse gases, so Korea plans to drastically expand the supply of renewable energy to supply and demand eco-friendly energy while keeping pace with the changes in global energy policy stances caused by climate change. Especially, it plans to supply most of renewable energy with solar and wind power. In order to meet the government''s recent renewable energy policy, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water) and Korea Rural Community Corporation are expanding large-scale floating solar power projects using water surface. In promoting floating solar power projects, issues of ''environmental'' related to water pollution, water ecological disturbance, heavy metal extraction, electromagnetic wave-related environmental hazards, and damage to the landscape are raised. And there are problems with delayed or terminated projects due to public opposition to development caused by damage to residents in the development area. Experts think that ''environmental'' and ''resident acceptance'' are the biggest problems in large-scale floating solar power development. In order to solve the environmental problem, it is necessary to comprehensively study the impact on water quality and aquatic ecosystems and environmental risks from a mid- to long-term perspective through continuous monitoring. And by sharing objective facts with the residents, we will be able to resolve doubts about the environmental problem. And resident acceptance can be enhanced when it is shared with the residents as a real benefit by forming a trust relationship through continuous communication with local residents, and by sharing the profits generated through the project with the business operator and local residents. From the initial planning stage to the construction and operation of the project, the business can be smoothly promoted only by considering the major issues, response plans, decisions, and expected effects response plans. In this study, an in-depth interview was conducted on the floating solar power development of Chungju Dam and Hapcheon Dam to experts participating in the development of floating solar power projects. Opinions were collected and analyzed to improve the social acceptability of floating solar power generation. It is meaningful that it presents effective strategic implications.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Methodology 4. In-depth Interview Result 5. ConclusionmasterpublishedKOH, Ji Hu

Infrastructure systems modeling using data visualization and trend extraction

“Current infrastructure systems modeling literature lacks frameworks that integrate data visualization and trend extraction needed for complex systems decision making and planning. Critical infrastructures such as transportation and energy systems contain interdependencies that cannot be properly characterized without considering data visualization and trend extraction. This dissertation presents two case analyses to showcase the effectiveness and improvements that can be made using these techniques. Case one examines flood management and mitigation of disruption impacts using geospatial characteristics as part of data visualization. Case two incorporates trend analysis and sustainability assessment into energy portfolio transitions. Four distinct contributions are made in this work and divided equally across the two cases. The first contribution identifies trends and flood characteristics that must be included as part of model development. The second contribution uses trend extraction to create a traffic management data visualization system based on the flood influencing factors identified. The third contribution creates a data visualization framework for energy portfolio analysis using a genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic. The fourth contribution develops a sustainability assessment model using trend extraction and time series forecasting of state-level electricity generation in a proposed transition setting. The data visualization and trend extraction tools developed and validated in this research will improve strategic infrastructure planning effectiveness”--Abstract, page iv

Modular Supply Network Optimization of Renewable Ammonia and Methanol Co-production

To reduce the use of fossil fuels and other carbonaceous fuels, renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal energy have been suggested to be promising alternative energy that guarantee sustainable and clean environment. However, the availability of renewable energy has been limited due to its dependence on weather and geographical location. This challenge is intended to be solved by the utilization of the renewable energy in the production of chemical energy carriers. Hydrogen has been proposed as a potential renewable energy carrier, however, its chemical instability and high liquefaction energy makes researchers seek for other alternative energy carriers. Ammonia and methanol can serve as promising alternative energy carriers due to their chemical stability at room temperature, low liquefaction energy, high energy value. The co-production of these high energy dense energy carriers offers economic and environmental advantages since their synthesis involve the direct utilization of CO2 and common unit operations. This problem report aims to review the optimization of the co-production of methanol and ammonia from renewable energy. Form this review, research challenges and opportunities are identified in the following areas: (i) optimization of methanol and ammonia co-production under renewable and demand uncertainty, (ii) impacts of the modular exponent on the feasibility of co-production of ammonia and methanol, and (iii) development of modern computational tools for systems-based analysis

Assessing the role of variable renewables in energy transition: methodologies and tools

Due to the environmental impacts brought by current energy schemes, the energy transition, a new paradigm-shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy, has been widely accepted and is being realized through collective international and local efforts. Electricity, as the most direct and effective use of renewable energy sources (RES), plays a key role in the energy transition. In this paper, we first discuss a viable pathway to energy transition through the electricity triangle, highlighting the role of RES in electricity generation. Further, we propose methodologies for the planning of wind and solar PV, as well as how to address their uncertainty in generation expansion problems. Finally, by using a web-based tool, “RES-PLAT” 1 , we demonstrate the scheme in a case study of the North Africa, which evaluates the impacts and benefits of a large-scale RES expansion

Sustainability Informed Management of End-of-Life Photovoltaics: Assessing Environmental and Economic Tradeoffs of Collection and Recycling

Renewable energy technologies have emerged to address the negative environmental impacts of increasing use of fossil fuels. Solar photovoltaics (PV) are an attractive renewable energy technology because they avoid significant carbon emissions during use common to non-renewables, have a long useful lifetime estimated at 20 - 30 years, and they take advantage of a stable and plentiful energy resource - the sun. However, it has been suggested that material availability is a potential constraint for broad deployment of PV. For example, solar PV\u27s core technology depends on several primary materials i.e. indum and tellurium which were recently determined to be of high importance for the development of a clean energy economy and at near-critical supply risk. In order to evaluate the risks to supply, the environment, and the economy a broader definition of criticality that goes beyond physical scarcity to include sustainability metrics e.g. embodied energy, political instability, economic value was developed. Using this methodology several policies are suggested that depart from traditional command- and-control approaches. One criticality mitigating strategy, material recycling, is at odds with current PV research where there is a strong emphasis on efficiency gains. Recycling is a strategy with potential that has yet to be fully recognized due to the current lack of collection infrastructure and uncertain set of processing technologies. This work explores under what conditions the energy payback time (EPBT) of PV modules containing recycled materials demonstrate equivalent energy savings to improvements in efficiency. These EPBT improvements from recycling motivate further methodological work on the economically optimal PV recycling infrastructure. This methodology includes a case study that demonstrates model sensitivity in addition to revealing important tradeoffs for recycling policy and economics

Can the Green Economy deliver it all? Experiences of renewable energy policies with socio-economic objectives

The Green Economy (GE) paradigm aims to reconcile environmental and socio-economic objectives. Policies to deploy renewable energy (RE) are widely perceived as a way to tap the potential synergies of these objectives. It is, however, still largely unclear whether the potential of simultaneously achieving both environmental and socio-economic objectives can be fully realized, and whether and how multiple objectives influence policy design, implementation, and evaluation. We aim to contribute to this aspect of GE research by looking at selected country experiences of renewable energy deployment with respect to the socio-economic goals of job creation or energy access. Across the cases examined, we find the following implications of relevance for the GE framework: First, we confirm the important role of governmental action for GE, with the specific need to state objectives clearly and build monitoring capacity. Second, consistent with the “strong” green growth variant of GE, some of the cases suggest that while renewable deployment may indeed lead to short-term socio-economic benefits, these benefits may not last. Third, we underline the urgent need for new methodologies to analyze and better understand multiple-objective policies, which are at the heart of the GE paradigm

Manufacturing System Energy Modeling and Optimization

World energy consumption has continued increasing in recent years. As a major consumer, industrial activities uses about one third of the energy over the last few decades. In the US, automotive manufacturing plants spends millions of dollars on energy. Meanwhile, due to the high energy price and the high correlation between the energy and environment, manufacturers are facing competing pressure from profit, long term brand image, and environmental policies. Thus, it is critical to understand the energy usage and optimize the operation to achieve the best overall objective. This research will establish systematic energy models, forecast energy demands, and optimize the supply systems in manufacturing plants. A combined temporal and organizational framework for manufacturing is studied to drive energy model establishment. Guided by the framework, an automotive manufacturing plant in the post-process phase is used to implement the systematic modeling approach. By comparing with current studies, the systematic approach is shown to be advantageous in terms of amount of information included, feasibility to be applied, ability to identify the potential conservations, and accuracy. This systematic approach also identifies key influential variables for time series analysis. Comparing with traditional time series models, the models informed by manufacturing features are proved to be more accurate in forecasting and more robust to sudden changes. The 16 step-ahead forecast MSE (mean square error) is improved from 16% to 1.54%. In addition, the time series analysis also detects the increasing trend, weekly, and annual seasonality in the energy consumption. Energy demand forecasting is essential to production management and supply stability. Manufacturing plant on-site energy conversion and transmission systems can schedule the optimal strategy according the demand forecasting and optimization criteria. This research shows that the criteria of energy, monetary cost, and environmental emission are three main optimization criteria that are inconsistent in optimal operations. In the studied case, comparing to cost-oriented optimization, energy optimal operation costs 35% more to run the on-site supply system. While the monetary cost optimal operation uses 17% more energy than the energy-oriented operation. Therefore, the research shows that the optimal operation strategy does not only depends on the high/low level energy price and demand, but also relies on decision makers’ preferences. It provides not a point solution to energy use in manufacturing, but instead valuable information for decision making. This research complements the current knowledge gaps in systematic modeling of manufacturing energy use, consumption forecasting, and supply optimization. It increases the understanding of energy usage in the manufacturing system and improves the awareness of the importance of energy conservation and environmental protection