18,794 research outputs found
State-of-the-art on evolution and reactivity
This report starts by, in Chapter 1, outlining aspects of querying and updating resources on
the Web and on the Semantic Web, including the development of query and update languages
to be carried out within the Rewerse project.
From this outline, it becomes clear that several existing research areas and topics are of
interest for this work in Rewerse. In the remainder of this report we further present state of
the art surveys in a selection of such areas and topics. More precisely: in Chapter 2 we give
an overview of logics for reasoning about state change and updates; Chapter 3 is devoted to briefly describing existing update languages for the Web, and also for updating logic programs;
in Chapter 4 event-condition-action rules, both in the context of active database systems and
in the context of semistructured data, are surveyed; in Chapter 5 we give an overview of some relevant rule-based agents frameworks
Knowledge will Propel Machine Understanding of Content: Extrapolating from Current Examples
Machine Learning has been a big success story during the AI resurgence. One
particular stand out success relates to learning from a massive amount of data.
In spite of early assertions of the unreasonable effectiveness of data, there
is increasing recognition for utilizing knowledge whenever it is available or
can be created purposefully. In this paper, we discuss the indispensable role
of knowledge for deeper understanding of content where (i) large amounts of
training data are unavailable, (ii) the objects to be recognized are complex,
(e.g., implicit entities and highly subjective content), and (iii) applications
need to use complementary or related data in multiple modalities/media. What
brings us to the cusp of rapid progress is our ability to (a) create relevant
and reliable knowledge and (b) carefully exploit knowledge to enhance ML/NLP
techniques. Using diverse examples, we seek to foretell unprecedented progress
in our ability for deeper understanding and exploitation of multimodal data and
continued incorporation of knowledge in learning techniques.Comment: Pre-print of the paper accepted at 2017 IEEE/WIC/ACM International
Conference on Web Intelligence (WI). arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1610.0770
An Abstract Formal Basis for Digital Crowds
Crowdsourcing, together with its related approaches, has become very popular
in recent years. All crowdsourcing processes involve the participation of a
digital crowd, a large number of people that access a single Internet platform
or shared service. In this paper we explore the possibility of applying formal
methods, typically used for the verification of software and hardware systems,
in analysing the behaviour of a digital crowd. More precisely, we provide a
formal description language for specifying digital crowds. We represent digital
crowds in which the agents do not directly communicate with each other. We
further show how this specification can provide the basis for sophisticated
formal methods, in particular formal verification.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figure
Implementing Privacy Negotiations in E-Commerce
This paper examines how service providers may resolve the trade-off between their personalization efforts and users' individual privacy concerns. Finding that neither an optimized one-size-fits-all strategy, nor a market-driven specialization of providers or choices between different usage scenarios can solve the problem, we analyze how negotiation techniques can lead to efficient contracts and how they can be integrated into current technologies. The analysis includes the identification of relevant and negotiable privacy dimensions for different usage domains. Negotiations in multi-channel retailing are examined as a detailed example. Based on a formalization of the user's privacy revelation problem, we model the negotiation process as a Bayesian game where the service provider faces different types of users. Finally an extension to P3P is proposed that allows a simple expression and implementation of negotiation processes. Support for this extension has been integrated in the Mozilla browser.
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