303 research outputs found

    Genetic Transfer or Population Diversification? Deciphering the Secret Ingredients of Evolutionary Multitask Optimization

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    Evolutionary multitasking has recently emerged as a novel paradigm that enables the similarities and/or latent complementarities (if present) between distinct optimization tasks to be exploited in an autonomous manner simply by solving them together with a unified solution representation scheme. An important matter underpinning future algorithmic advancements is to develop a better understanding of the driving force behind successful multitask problem-solving. In this regard, two (seemingly disparate) ideas have been put forward, namely, (a) implicit genetic transfer as the key ingredient facilitating the exchange of high-quality genetic material across tasks, and (b) population diversification resulting in effective global search of the unified search space encompassing all tasks. In this paper, we present some empirical results that provide a clearer picture of the relationship between the two aforementioned propositions. For the numerical experiments we make use of Sudoku puzzles as case studies, mainly because of their feature that outwardly unlike puzzle statements can often have nearly identical final solutions. The experiments reveal that while on many occasions genetic transfer and population diversity may be viewed as two sides of the same coin, the wider implication of genetic transfer, as shall be shown herein, captures the true essence of evolutionary multitasking to the fullest.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

    On Selfish Memes: culture as complex adaptive system

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    We present the formal definition of meme in the sense of the equivalence between memetics and the theory of cultural evolution. From the formal definition we find that culture can be seen analytically and persuade that memetic gives important role in the exploration of sociological theory, especially in the cultural studies. We show that we are not allowed to assume meme as smallest information unit in cultural evolution in general, but it is the smallest information we use on explaining cultural evolution. We construct a computational model and do simulation in advance presenting the selfish meme powerlaw distributed. The simulation result shows that the contagion of meme as well as cultural evolution is a complex adaptive system. Memetics is the system and art of importing genetics to social sciences

    Evolutionary Algorithms

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    Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are population-based metaheuristics, originally inspired by aspects of natural evolution. Modern varieties incorporate a broad mixture of search mechanisms, and tend to blend inspiration from nature with pragmatic engineering concerns; however, all EAs essentially operate by maintaining a population of potential solutions and in some way artificially 'evolving' that population over time. Particularly well-known categories of EAs include genetic algorithms (GAs), Genetic Programming (GP), and Evolution Strategies (ES). EAs have proven very successful in practical applications, particularly those requiring solutions to combinatorial problems. EAs are highly flexible and can be configured to address any optimization task, without the requirements for reformulation and/or simplification that would be needed for other techniques. However, this flexibility goes hand in hand with a cost: the tailoring of an EA's configuration and parameters, so as to provide robust performance for a given class of tasks, is often a complex and time-consuming process. This tailoring process is one of the many ongoing research areas associated with EAs.Comment: To appear in R. Marti, P. Pardalos, and M. Resende, eds., Handbook of Heuristics, Springe

    Extending optimization algorithms to complex engineering problems

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    ИсслСдованиС эффСктивности ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈ-мСмСтичСского Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΠΌΠ°

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    oai:oai.mathm.elpub.ru:article/90In solving practically significant problems of global optimization, the objective function is often of high dimensionality and computational complexity and of nontrivial landscape as well. Studies show that often one optimization method is not enough for solving such problems efficiently - hybridization of several optimization methods is necessary.One of the most promising contemporary trends in this field are memetic algorithms (MA), which can be viewed as a combination of the population-based search for a global optimum and the procedures for a local refinement of solutions (memes), provided by a synergy. Since there are relatively few theoretical studies concerning the MA configuration, which is advisable for use to solve the black-box optimization problems, many researchers tend just to adaptive algorithms, which for search select the most efficient methods of local optimization for the certain domains of the search space.The article proposes a multi-memetic modification of a simple SMEC algorithm, using random hyper-heuristics. Presents the software algorithm and memes used (Nelder-Mead method, method of random hyper-sphere surface search, Hooke-Jeeves method). Conducts a comparative study of the efficiency of the proposed algorithm depending on the set and the number of memes. The study has been carried out using Rastrigin, Rosenbrock, and Zakharov multidimensional test functions. Computational experiments have been carried out for all possible combinations of memes and for each meme individually.According to results of study, conducted by the multi-start method, the combinations of memes, comprising the Hooke-Jeeves method, were successful. These results prove a rapid convergence of the method to a local optimum in comparison with other memes, since all methods perform the fixed number of iterations at the most.The analysis of the average number of iterations shows that using the most efficient sets of memes allows us to find the optimal solution for the less number of iterations in comparison with the less efficient sets. It should be additionally noted that there is no dependence of the total number of the algorithm iterations on the number of memes used.The study results demonstrate that the Hooke-Jeeves method proved to be the most efficient for the chosen functions, since its presence in a set of memes allows a significantly improving quality of the solution obtained. At the same time, the results of statistical tests show that the use of additional methods in a set of memes often has no significant effect on the results of the algorithm.ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ практичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ глобальной ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ цСлСвая функция Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π»Π°Π½Π΄ΡˆΠ°Ρ„Ρ‚. ИсслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ нСдостаточно для эффСктивного Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ – Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° гибридизация Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ.Одним ΠΈΠ· пСрспСктивных соврСмСнных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² этой области ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ мСмСтичСскиС Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΡ‹, МА, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ сочСтаниС популяционного поиска глобального ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ локального уточнСния Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ²), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ синСргСтичСский эффСкт. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ сущСствуСт ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тСорСтичСских исслСдований, посвящСнных Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΠ³ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ МА рСкомСндуСтся ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ black-box Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ исслСдоватСли ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² процСссС поиска ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ локальной ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ для ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… областСй пространства поиска.Авторами ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈ-мСмСтичСская модификация простого Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° SMEC, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΠΉΠ½ΡƒΡŽ гипСрэвристику. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° программная рСализация Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² (ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ НСлдСра-Мида, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ случайного поиска ΠΏΠΎ повСрхности гипСрсфСры, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π₯ΡƒΠΊΠ°-ДТивса). Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС эффСктивности ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ числа ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ². ИсслСдованиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ с использованиСм ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… тСстовых Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Растригина, Π ΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π—Π°Ρ…Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°. Π’Ρ‹Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ экспСримСнты ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ для всСх Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ для ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ.По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°ΠΌ исслСдования с использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈ-старта ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ оказались ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² сСбя ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π₯ΡƒΠΊΠ°-ДТивса. Π”Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ быстрой сходимости ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ всС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ фиксированного числа ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ.Анализ срСднСго числа ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ использованиС Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивных Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² позволяСт ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° мСньшСС число ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ эффСктивными Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π”ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ слСдуСт ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ зависимости ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ числа ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ количСства ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π₯ΡƒΠΊΠ°-ДТивса оказался Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ эффСктивным для Π²Ρ‹Π±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² позволяСт сущСствСнно ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ качСство ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Β  ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ статистичСских тСстов ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ использованиС Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ², Π·Π°Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ влияния Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ°
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