3,721 research outputs found
Exploring Alternatives to use Master/Slave Full Duplex Switched Ethernet for Avionics Embedded Applications
The complexity of distributed real-time systems, including military embedded applications, is increasing due to an increasing number of nodes, their functionality and higher amounts of exchanged data. This higher complexity imposes major development challenges when nonfunctional properties must be enforced. On the other hand, the current military communication networks are a generation old and are no longer effective in facing such increasingly complex requirements. A new communication network, based on Full Duplex Switched Ethernet and Master/slave approach, has been proposed previously. However, this initial approach is not efficient in terms of network bandwidth utilization. In this paper we propose two new alternative approaches that can use the network bandwidth more efficiently. In addition we provide a preliminary qualitative assessment of the three approaches concerning different factors such as performance, scalability, complexity and flexibility
Datacenter Traffic Control: Understanding Techniques and Trade-offs
Datacenters provide cost-effective and flexible access to scalable compute
and storage resources necessary for today's cloud computing needs. A typical
datacenter is made up of thousands of servers connected with a large network
and usually managed by one operator. To provide quality access to the variety
of applications and services hosted on datacenters and maximize performance, it
deems necessary to use datacenter networks effectively and efficiently.
Datacenter traffic is often a mix of several classes with different priorities
and requirements. This includes user-generated interactive traffic, traffic
with deadlines, and long-running traffic. To this end, custom transport
protocols and traffic management techniques have been developed to improve
datacenter network performance.
In this tutorial paper, we review the general architecture of datacenter
networks, various topologies proposed for them, their traffic properties,
general traffic control challenges in datacenters and general traffic control
objectives. The purpose of this paper is to bring out the important
characteristics of traffic control in datacenters and not to survey all
existing solutions (as it is virtually impossible due to massive body of
existing research). We hope to provide readers with a wide range of options and
factors while considering a variety of traffic control mechanisms. We discuss
various characteristics of datacenter traffic control including management
schemes, transmission control, traffic shaping, prioritization, load balancing,
multipathing, and traffic scheduling. Next, we point to several open challenges
as well as new and interesting networking paradigms. At the end of this paper,
we briefly review inter-datacenter networks that connect geographically
dispersed datacenters which have been receiving increasing attention recently
and pose interesting and novel research problems.Comment: Accepted for Publication in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
Deliverable JRA1.1: Evaluation of current network control and management planes for multi-domain network infrastructure
This deliverable includes a compilation and evaluation of available control and management architectures and protocols applicable to a multilayer infrastructure in a multi-domain Virtual Network environment.The scope of this deliverable is mainly focused on the virtualisation of the resources within a network and at processing nodes. The virtualization of the FEDERICA infrastructure allows the provisioning of its available resources to users by means of FEDERICA slices. A slice is seen by the user as a real physical network under his/her domain, however it maps to a logical partition (a virtual instance) of the physical FEDERICA resources. A slice is built to exhibit to the highest degree all the principles applicable to a physical network (isolation, reproducibility, manageability, ...). Currently, there are no standard definitions available for network virtualization or its associated architectures. Therefore, this deliverable proposes the Virtual Network layer architecture and evaluates a set of Management- and Control Planes that can be used for the partitioning and virtualization of the FEDERICA network resources. This evaluation has been performed taking into account an initial set of FEDERICA requirements; a possible extension of the selected tools will be evaluated in future deliverables. The studies described in this deliverable define the virtual architecture of the FEDERICA infrastructure. During this activity, the need has been recognised to establish a new set of basic definitions (taxonomy) for the building blocks that compose the so-called slice, i.e. the virtual network instantiation (which is virtual with regard to the abstracted view made of the building blocks of the FEDERICA infrastructure) and its architectural plane representation. These definitions will be established as a common nomenclature for the FEDERICA project. Other important aspects when defining a new architecture are the user requirements. It is crucial that the resulting architecture fits the demands that users may have. Since this deliverable has been produced at the same time as the contact process with users, made by the project activities related to the Use Case definitions, JRA1 has proposed a set of basic Use Cases to be considered as starting point for its internal studies. When researchers want to experiment with their developments, they need not only network resources on their slices, but also a slice of the processing resources. These processing slice resources are understood as virtual machine instances that users can use to make them behave as software routers or end nodes, on which to download the software protocols or applications they have produced and want to assess in a realistic environment. Hence, this deliverable also studies the APIs of several virtual machine management software products in order to identify which best suits FEDERICAâs needs.Postprint (published version
Modelação e simulação de equipamentos de rede para IndĂșstria 4.0
Currently, the industrial sector has increasingly opted for digital technologies
in order to automate all its processes. This development comes from
notions like Industry 4.0 that redefines the way these systems are designed.
Structurally, all the components of these systems are connected in a complex
network known as the Industrial Internet of Things. Certain requirements
arise from this concept regarding industrial communication networks. Among
them, the need to ensure real-time communications, as well as support for
dynamic resource management, are extremely relevant. Several research
lines pursued to develop network technologies capable of meeting such
requirements. One of these protocols is the Hard Real-Time Ethernet Switch
(HaRTES), an Ethernet switch with support for real-time communications and
dynamic resource management, requirements imposed by Industry 4.0.
The process of designing and implementing industrial networks can,
however, be quite time consuming and costly. These aspects impose
limitations on testing large networks, whose level of complexity is higher and
requires the usage of more hardware. The utilization of network simulators
stems from the necessity to overcome such restrictions and provide tools to
facilitate the development of new protocols and evaluation of communications
networks.
In the scope of this dissertation a HaRTES switch model was developed
in the OMNeT++ simulation environment. In order to demonstrate a
solution that can be employed in industrial real-time networks, this dissertation
presents the fundamental aspects of the implemented model as well as a set
of experiments that compare it with an existing laboratory prototype, with the
objective of validating its implementation.Atualmente o setor industrial tem vindo cada vez mais a optar por tecnologias
digitais de forma a automatizar todos os seus processos. Este desenvolvimento
surge de noçÔes como IndĂșstria 4.0, que redefine o modo de como
estes sistemas sĂŁo projetados. Estruturalmente, todos os componentes
destes sistemas encontram-se conectados numa rede complexa conhecida
como Internet Industrial das Coisas. Certos requisitos advĂȘm deste conceito,
no que toca às redes de comunicação industriais, entre os quais se destacam
a necessidade de garantir comunicaçÔes tempo-real bem como suporte a
uma gestĂŁo dinĂąmica dos recursos, os quais sĂŁo de extrema importĂąncia.
Vårias linhas de investigação procuraram desenvolver tecnologias de rede
capazes de satisfazer tais exigĂȘncias. Uma destas soluçÔes Ă© o "Hard
Real-Time Ethernet Switch" (HaRTES), um switch Ethernet com suporte a
comunicaçÔes de tempo-real e gestão dinùmica de Qualidade-de-Serviço
(QoS), requisitos impostos pela IndĂșstria 4.0.
O processo de projeto e implementação de redes industriais pode, no
entanto, ser bastante moroso e dispendioso. Tais aspetos impÔem limitaçÔes
no teste de redes de largas dimensĂ”es, cujo nĂvel de complexidade Ă©
mais elevado e requer o uso de mais hardware. Os simuladores de redes
permitem atenuar o impacto de tais limitaçÔes, disponibilizando ferramentas
que facilitam o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos e a avaliação de redes
de comunicaçÔes.
No ùmbito desta dissertação desenvolveu-se um modelo do switch HaRTES
no ambiente de simulação OMNeT++. Com um objetivo de demonstrar uma
solução que possa ser utilizada em redes de tempo-real industriais, esta
dissertação apresenta os aspetos fundamentais do modelo implementado
bem como um conjunto de experiĂȘncias que o comparam com um protĂłtipo
laboratorial jå existente, no ùmbito da sua validação.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçÔe
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