1,505 research outputs found
Principles of Physical Layer Security in Multiuser Wireless Networks: A Survey
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the domain of physical layer
security in multiuser wireless networks. The essential premise of
physical-layer security is to enable the exchange of confidential messages over
a wireless medium in the presence of unauthorized eavesdroppers without relying
on higher-layer encryption. This can be achieved primarily in two ways: without
the need for a secret key by intelligently designing transmit coding
strategies, or by exploiting the wireless communication medium to develop
secret keys over public channels. The survey begins with an overview of the
foundations dating back to the pioneering work of Shannon and Wyner on
information-theoretic security. We then describe the evolution of secure
transmission strategies from point-to-point channels to multiple-antenna
systems, followed by generalizations to multiuser broadcast, multiple-access,
interference, and relay networks. Secret-key generation and establishment
protocols based on physical layer mechanisms are subsequently covered.
Approaches for secrecy based on channel coding design are then examined, along
with a description of inter-disciplinary approaches based on game theory and
stochastic geometry. The associated problem of physical-layer message
authentication is also introduced briefly. The survey concludes with
observations on potential research directions in this area.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, 303 refs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1303.1609 by other authors. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials,
201
A Survey on Wireless Security: Technical Challenges, Recent Advances and Future Trends
This paper examines the security vulnerabilities and threats imposed by the
inherent open nature of wireless communications and to devise efficient defense
mechanisms for improving the wireless network security. We first summarize the
security requirements of wireless networks, including their authenticity,
confidentiality, integrity and availability issues. Next, a comprehensive
overview of security attacks encountered in wireless networks is presented in
view of the network protocol architecture, where the potential security threats
are discussed at each protocol layer. We also provide a survey of the existing
security protocols and algorithms that are adopted in the existing wireless
network standards, such as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and the long-term
evolution (LTE) systems. Then, we discuss the state-of-the-art in
physical-layer security, which is an emerging technique of securing the open
communications environment against eavesdropping attacks at the physical layer.
We also introduce the family of various jamming attacks and their
counter-measures, including the constant jammer, intermittent jammer, reactive
jammer, adaptive jammer and intelligent jammer. Additionally, we discuss the
integration of physical-layer security into existing authentication and
cryptography mechanisms for further securing wireless networks. Finally, some
technical challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are
summarized and the future trends in wireless security are discussed.Comment: 36 pages. Accepted to Appear in Proceedings of the IEEE, 201
Physical Layer Service Integration in 5G: Potentials and Challenges
High transmission rate and secure communication have been identified as the
key targets that need to be effectively addressed by fifth generation (5G)
wireless systems. In this context, the concept of physical-layer security
becomes attractive, as it can establish perfect security using only the
characteristics of wireless medium. Nonetheless, to further increase the
spectral efficiency, an emerging concept, termed physical-layer service
integration (PHY-SI), has been recognized as an effective means. Its basic idea
is to combine multiple coexisting services, i.e., multicast/broadcast service
and confidential service, into one integral service for one-time transmission
at the transmitter side. This article first provides a tutorial on typical
PHY-SI models. Furthermore, we propose some state-of-the-art solutions to
improve the overall performance of PHY-SI in certain important communication
scenarios. In particular, we highlight the extension of several concepts
borrowed from conventional single-service communications, such as artificial
noise (AN), eigenmode transmission etc., to the scenario of PHY-SI. These
techniques are shown to be effective in the design of reliable and robust
PHY-SI schemes. Finally, several potential research directions are identified
for future work.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
A Survey of Physical Layer Security Techniques for 5G Wireless Networks and Challenges Ahead
Physical layer security which safeguards data confidentiality based on the
information-theoretic approaches has received significant research interest
recently. The key idea behind physical layer security is to utilize the
intrinsic randomness of the transmission channel to guarantee the security in
physical layer. The evolution towards 5G wireless communications poses new
challenges for physical layer security research. This paper provides a latest
survey of the physical layer security research on various promising 5G
technologies, including physical layer security coding, massive multiple-input
multiple-output, millimeter wave communications, heterogeneous networks,
non-orthogonal multiple access, full duplex technology, etc. Technical
challenges which remain unresolved at the time of writing are summarized and
the future trends of physical layer security in 5G and beyond are discussed.Comment: To appear in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication
IMPROVING DIGITAL HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) COMMUNICATIONS WITH MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CONSTANT ENERGY MODULATION IMPLEMENTATION
Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.Improved high frequency (HF) digital communication is desired in commercial and military applications,
especially at sea where the primary digital communications is satellite communications (SATCOM). HF
over-the-horizon (OTH) relays are often the alternative communication path when SATCOM is too costly or not
available. Our work suggests using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM), and various modulations in HF OTH communications to reduce the bit error rate (BER),
improve data throughput in the allocated bandwidth, and potentially provide physical layer security through
obfuscation. We implement MIMO, OFDM, and multi-dimensional constant energy modulation (CEM) by
utilizing GNU Radio Companion (GRC) to program two NI Ettus X310 Software Defined Radios (SDR) in a 2x2
MIMO configuration. This is the first time CEM has been transmitted and received. Modulation and demodulation
are successful for various file types. The 4D-16 CEM constellation and its BER are compared to that of quadrature
phase shift keying (QPSK) and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Explanations of how CEM, OFDM
subcarriers, and space time block codes (STBC) can provide frequency agility, throughput manipulation, and
physical layer security are provided. Selected CEM constellations are presented.Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Preprint: Using RF-DNA Fingerprints To Classify OFDM Transmitters Under Rayleigh Fading Conditions
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a collection of Internet connected devices
capable of interacting with the physical world and computer systems. It is
estimated that the IoT will consist of approximately fifty billion devices by
the year 2020. In addition to the sheer numbers, the need for IoT security is
exacerbated by the fact that many of the edge devices employ weak to no
encryption of the communication link. It has been estimated that almost 70% of
IoT devices use no form of encryption. Previous research has suggested the use
of Specific Emitter Identification (SEI), a physical layer technique, as a
means of augmenting bit-level security mechanism such as encryption. The work
presented here integrates a Nelder-Mead based approach for estimating the
Rayleigh fading channel coefficients prior to the SEI approach known as RF-DNA
fingerprinting. The performance of this estimator is assessed for degrading
signal-to-noise ratio and compared with least square and minimum mean squared
error channel estimators. Additionally, this work presents classification
results using RF-DNA fingerprints that were extracted from received signals
that have undergone Rayleigh fading channel correction using Minimum Mean
Squared Error (MMSE) equalization. This work also performs radio discrimination
using RF-DNA fingerprints generated from the normalized magnitude-squared and
phase response of Gabor coefficients as well as two classifiers. Discrimination
of four 802.11a Wi-Fi radios achieves an average percent correct classification
of 90% or better for signal-to-noise ratios of 18 and 21 dB or greater using a
Rayleigh fading channel comprised of two and five paths, respectively.Comment: 13 pages, 14 total figures/images, Currently under review by the IEEE
Transactions on Information Forensics and Securit
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