THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75479/1/j.1467-6435.1961.tb00368.x.pd

k2U: A General Framework from k-Point Effective Schedulability Analysis to Utilization-Based Tests

To deal with a large variety of workloads in different application domains in real-time embedded systems, a number of expressive task models have been developed. For each individual task model, researchers tend to develop different types of techniques for deriving schedulability tests with different computation complexity and performance. In this paper, we present a general schedulability analysis framework, namely the k2U framework, that can be potentially applied to analyze a large set of real-time task models under any fixed-priority scheduling algorithm, on both uniprocessor and multiprocessor scheduling. The key to k2U is a k-point effective schedulability test, which can be viewed as a "blackbox" interface. For any task model, if a corresponding k-point effective schedulability test can be constructed, then a sufficient utilization-based test can be automatically derived. We show the generality of k2U by applying it to different task models, which results in new and improved tests compared to the state-of-the-art. Analogously, a similar concept by testing only k points with a different formulation has been studied by us in another framework, called k2Q, which provides quadratic bounds or utilization bounds based on a different formulation of schedulability test. With the quadratic and hyperbolic forms, k2Q and k2U frameworks can be used to provide many quantitive features to be measured, like the total utilization bounds, speed-up factors, etc., not only for uniprocessor scheduling but also for multiprocessor scheduling. These frameworks can be viewed as a "blackbox" interface for schedulability tests and response-time analysis

Efficient Nonlinear Optimization with Rigorous Models for Large Scale Industrial Chemical Processes

Large scale nonlinear programming (NLP) has proven to be an effective framework for obtaining profit gains through optimal process design and operations in chemical engineering. While the classical SQP and Interior Point methods have been successfully applied to solve many optimization problems, the focus of both academia and industry on larger and more complicated problems requires further development of numerical algorithms which can provide improved computational efficiency. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to develop effective problem formulations and an advanced numerical algorithms for efficient solution of these challenging problems. As problem sizes increase, there is a need for tailored algorithms that can exploit problem specific structure. Furthermore, computer chip manufacturers are no longer focusing on increased clock-speeds, but rather on hyperthreading and multi-core architectures. Therefore, to see continued performance improvement, we must focus on algorithms that can exploit emerging parallel computing architectures. In this dissertation, we develop an advanced parallel solution strategy for nonlinear programming problems with block-angular structure. The effectiveness of this and modern off-the-shelf tools are demonstrated on a wide range of problem classes. Here, we treat optimal design, optimal operation, dynamic optimization, and parameter estimation. Two case studies (air separation units and heat-integrated columns) are investigated to deal with design under uncertainty with rigorous models. For optimal operation, this dissertation takes cryogenic air separation units as a primary case study and focuses on formulations for handling uncertain product demands, contractual constraints on customer satisfaction levels, and variable power pricing. Multiperiod formulations provide operating plans that consider inventory to meet customer demands and improve profits. In the area of dynamic optimization, optimal reference trajectories are determined for load changes in an air separation process. A multiscenario programming formulation is again used, this time with large-scale discretized dynamic models. Finally, to emphasize a different decomposition approach, we address a problem with significant spatial complexity. Unknown water demands within a large scale city-wide distribution network are estimated. This problem provides a different decomposition mechanism than the multiscenario or multiperiod problems; nevertheless, our parallel approach provides effective speedup

Denis Goulet and the Project of Development Ethics: Choices in Methodology, Focus and Organization

Abstract: Denis Goulet (1931-2006) was a pioneer of human development theory and a founder of work on ‘development ethics’ as a self-conscious field that treats the ethical and value questions posed by development theory, planning, and practice. The paper looks at aspects of Goulet’s work in relation to four issues concerning this project of development ethics—scope, methodology, roles, and organisational format and identity. It compares his views with subsequent trends in the field and suggests lessons for work on human development. While his definition of the scope of development ethics remains serviceable, his methodology of intense immersion by a ‘development ethicist’ in each context under examination was rewarding but limited by the time and skills it requires and a relative disconnection from communicable theory. He wrote profoundly about ethics’ possible lines of influence, including through incorporation in methods, movements and education, but his own ideas wait to be sufficiently incorporated. He proposed development ethics as a new (sub)discipline, yet the immersion in particular contexts and their routine practices that is required for understanding and influence must be by people who remain close to specific disciplinary and professional backgrounds. Development ethics has to be, he eventually came to accept, not a distinct (sub)discipline but an interdisciplinary field

Denis Goulet and the project of development ethics

Denis Goulet (1931-2006) was a pioneer of human development theory and the main founder of work on “development ethics” as a self-conscious field that, by his definition, treats the ethical and value questions posed by development theory, planning, and practice. The paper looks at aspects of Goulet’s work in relation to four issues concerning the project of development ethics—[1] scope, [2] methodology, [3] roles, [4] organisational format and identity. It compares his views with subsequent trends in the field and suggests lessons for work on human development. [1] Goulet’s definition of the scope of development ethics remains serviceable and allows us to combine a view of it as social change ethics (including global change ethics) with yet a relatively specific primary audience of those who recognize themselves as working in development studies or development policy. [2] His approach in development ethics espoused intense existential immersion in each context and was often deeply illuminating, but was limited by the time and skills it requires and its relative disconnection from communicable theory. [3] Goulet wrote profoundly about ethics’ possible lines of influence, through prophetic force and more routinely through incorporation in methods, movements, and education. His own ideas did not become sufficiently embodied in methods and methodologies, but some have become so thanks to other authors. [4] Goulet saw development ethics as a new discipline or subdiscipline. However the required types of immersion, in particular contexts and/or in understanding and changing the methods and systems that structure routine practice, have to be undertaken by people coming from and remaining close to diverse disciplinary and professional backgrounds. Development ethics is and has to be, he gradually came to accept, not a distinct subdiscipline but an interdisciplinary field

The Bi-objective Periodic Closed Loop Network Design Problem

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). For further details please see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Reverse supply chains are becoming a crucial part of retail supply chains given the recent reforms in the consumers’ rights and the regulations by governments. This has motivated companies around the world to adopt zero-landfill goals and move towards circular economy to retain the product’s value during its whole life cycle. However, designing an efficient closed loop supply chain is a challenging undertaking as it presents a set of unique challenges, mainly owing to the need to handle pickups and deliveries at the same time and the necessity to meet the customer requirements within a certain time limit. In this paper, we model this problem as a bi-objective periodic location routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery as well as time windows and examine the performance of two procedures, namely NSGA-II and NRGA, to solve it. The goal is to find the best locations for a set of depots, allocation of customers to these depots, allocation of customers to service days and the optimal routes to be taken by a set of homogeneous vehicles to minimise the total cost and to minimise the overall violation from the customers’ defined time limits. Our results show that while there is not a significant difference between the two algorithms in terms of diversity and number of solutions generated, NSGA-II outperforms NRGA when it comes to spacing and runtime.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationThis study advances the constructive implication that technological injections of dynamic variables in production contribute to societal benefits. Statistical study of the United States economy, 1964-2004, will advance the measurement of specific inputs and the impacts of comparative data on the overall production function. Furthermore, graphical presentation, game theory, set theory, and economic welfare theory will support the constructive arguments for developing nations, which would like to adopt positive and constructive strategies where global beneficial adoptions serve. The supply and demand aspect of technological advancement only partly allows for sustainable economic success. Often-derailing details are missing from the complex strategies for global survival, when free and perfectly competitive markets are to advance sustainable economic growth. Ignorance of such details does not enhance global security but endangers it. An expanding global population needs to employ diminishing global resources to meet demands, which without education, will implode all systems, as the rate of pollution growth far exceeds the capacity of detoxification, either natural or manufactured. Other issues of health and welfare complicate realities; these without prioritization of needs, wants, and without appropriate pricing remain problematic. In this paper, we study that even segmental corrections promise improved results for the economic welfare of the globe. The thesis states that the dynamic influences of technology and elemental factors of production --defined and measured in this dissertation-- are greater than commonly have been calculated or expected. The impacts of different measurements of capital stocks (traditional and new adjusted capital) on embodied and disembodied technological variables on productivity and economic growth of national social products are tested. The econometric effects of two new capital stock measures introduced in the writing of Friedrich August Von Hayek, John Maynard Keynes, and further developed by Evsey D. Domar, and ignored by most modern economists are examined. Therefore, we focus on the demand and supply side of technology embodied in capital, in human skill and produced goods and services, and the economy