Abstracts of manuscripts submitted in 1990 for publication

This volume contans the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1990 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five deparments, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers

A palaeoecological analysis of late quaternary sapropels from the Mediterranean Ridge

A PALAEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LATE QUATERNARY SAPROPELS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN RIDGE By Darren Barry The sedimentary sequences of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea are interspersed by blackcoloured, organic rich deposits called sapropels. Ranging in thickness from a few millimeters to as much as tens of centimetres these sedimentary layers have been deposited throughout the late Cenozoic. Despite intensive research the exact environmental conditions that led to the deposition of these sapropels are not yet fully understood. Using planktonic foraminifera as a proxy, this research focuses on the deposition of several sapropels. In addition to the more commonly studied sapropels (S1 and S5) S3 and S6 have also been investigated. The principle aim of this research is to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions during these depositional events. In addition to using the traditional method of analysing faunal assemblages, particular emphasis will be placed on accessing the test size variation of individual species of planktonic foraminifera. This technique has been applied to other events in Earth’s history but not in relation to sapropel deposition. The research is based on data extracted from ODP core 969A (latitude 33.84N, longitude 24.88E, water depth 2200.3 m). With the exception of S1 (7cm), the thickness of each sapropel (S3 – 28cm; S5 – 28cm; S6 – 41cm) allows each event to be analysed at a sufficiently high resolution. One aspect of this study related to the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of two cores from open ocean sites. Using micropalaeontological data along with multivariate statistical analysis has allowed detailed analysis of palaeoenvironmental variability since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In addition, estimates of sea surface temperature (SST) shows a gradual climate amelioration from the LGM to present. A unique aspect of this research examined the mean test size data of two shallow and one deep dwelling planktonic foraminiferal species over two sapropel events. Particular attention was paid to both biotic and abiotic factors in the understanding of their effects on species growth. While no obvious increase in mean test size was noted as a direct response to sapropel deposition, variability throughout these timeframes is observed. It is concluded that the mean test size of each species responds differently depending on their SST and nutrient requirements. For the Eemian interglacial sapropel S5 and glacial sapropel S6, a palaeoecological analysis utilising palaeoenvironmental indices reconstructed the water column dynamics and trophic status during these depositional events. Sapropel S5 exhibited considerable variability in response to the position of the Cretan gyre while a two phase depositional event in S6 indicated extreme shoaling of the pycnocline.N

Abstracts of manuscripts submitted in 1993 for publication

This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1993 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and ar grouped into one of our five departents, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers

Abstracts of manuscripts submitted in 1991 for publication

This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1991 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five departents, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers

Abstracts of manuscripts submitted in 1988 for publication

This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1988 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal for those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five departments , marine policy, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers

Applications of Machine Learning in Chemical and Biological Oceanography

Machine learning (ML) refers to computer algorithms that predict a meaningful output or categorize complex systems based on a large amount of data. ML is applied in various areas including natural science, engineering, space exploration, and even gaming development. This review focuses on the use of machine learning in the field of chemical and biological oceanography. In the prediction of global fixed nitrogen levels, partial carbon dioxide pressure, and other chemical properties, the application of ML is a promising tool. Machine learning is also utilized in the field of biological oceanography to detect planktonic forms from various images (i.e., microscopy, FlowCAM, and video recorders), spectrometers, and other signal processing techniques. Moreover, ML successfully classified the mammals using their acoustics, detecting endangered mammalian and fish species in a specific environment. Most importantly, using environmental data, the ML proved to be an effective method for predicting hypoxic conditions and harmful algal bloom events, an essential measurement in terms of environmental monitoring. Furthermore, machine learning was used to construct a number of databases for various species that will be useful to other researchers, and the creation of new algorithms will help the marine research community better comprehend the chemistry and biology of the ocean.Comment: 58 Pages, 5 Figure