17 research outputs found

    Design and Performance Analysis of Functional Split in Virtualized Access Networks

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    abstract: Emerging modular cable network architectures distribute some cable headend functions to remote nodes that are located close to the broadcast cable links reaching the cable modems (CMs) in the subscriber homes and businesses. In the Remote- PHY (R-PHY) architecture, a Remote PHY Device (RPD) conducts the physical layer processing for the analog cable transmissions, while the headend runs the DOCSIS medium access control (MAC) for the upstream transmissions of the distributed CMs over the shared cable link. In contrast, in the Remote MACPHY (R-MACPHY) ar- chitecture, a Remote MACPHY Device (RMD) conducts both the physical and MAC layer processing. The dissertation objective is to conduct a comprehensive perfor- mance comparison of the R-PHY and R-MACPHY architectures. Also, development of analytical delay models for the polling-based MAC with Gated bandwidth alloca- tion of Poisson traffic in the R-PHY and R-MACPHY architectures and conducting extensive simulations to assess the accuracy of the analytical model and to evaluate the delay-throughput performance of the R-PHY and R-MACPHY architectures for a wide range of deployment and operating scenarios. Performance evaluations ex- tend to the use of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) as transport network between remote nodes and headend. The results show that for long CIN distances above 100 miles, the R-MACPHY architecture achieves significantly shorter mean up- stream packet delays than the R-PHY architecture, especially for bursty traffic. The extensive comparative R-PHY and R-MACPHY comparative evaluation can serve as a basis for the planning of modular broadcast cable based access networks.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 201

    Next generation control of transport networks

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    It is widely understood by telecom operators and industry analysts that bandwidth demand is increasing dramatically, year on year, with typical growth figures of 50% for Internet-based traffic [5]. This trend means that the consumers will have both a wide variety of devices attaching to their networks and a range of high bandwidth service requirements. The corresponding impact is the effect on the traffic engineered network (often referred to as the “transport network”) to ensure that the current rate of growth of network traffic is supported and meets predicted future demands. As traffic demands increase and newer services continuously arise, novel network elements are needed to provide more flexibility, scalability, resilience, and adaptability to today’s transport network. The transport network provides transparent traffic engineered communication of user, application, and device traffic between attached clients (software and hardware) and establishing and maintaining point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections. The research documented in this thesis was based on three initial research questions posed while performing research at British Telecom research labs and investigating control of transport networks of future transport networks: 1. How can we meet Internet bandwidth growth yet minimise network costs? 2. Which enabling network technologies might be leveraged to control network layers and functions cooperatively, instead of separated network layer and technology control? 3. Is it possible to utilise both centralised and distributed control mechanisms for automation and traffic optimisation? This thesis aims to provide the classification, motivation, invention, and evolution of a next generation control framework for transport networks, and special consideration of delivering broadcast video traffic to UK subscribers. The document outlines pertinent telecoms technology and current art, how requirements I gathered, and research I conducted, and by which the transport control framework functional components are identified and selected, and by which method the architecture was implemented and applied to key research projects requiring next generation control capabilities, both at British Telecom and the wider research community. Finally, in the closing chapters, the thesis outlines the next steps for ongoing research and development of the transport network framework and key areas for further study

    A survey of trends and motivations regarding Communication Service Providers' metro area network implementations

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    Relevance of research on telecommunications networks is predicated upon the implementations which it explicitly claims or implicitly subsumes. This paper supports researchers through a survey of Communications Service Providers current implementations within the metro area, and trends that are expected to shape the next-generation metro area network. The survey is composed of a quantitative component, complemented by a qualitative component carried out among field experts. Among the several findings, it has been found that service providers with large subscriber base sizes, are less agile in their response to technological change than those with smaller subscriber base sizes: thus, copper media are still an important component in the set of access network technologies. On the other hand, service providers with large subscriber base sizes are strongly committed to deploying distributed access architectures, notably using remote access nodes like remote OLT and remote MAC-PHY. This study also shows that the extent of remote node deployment for multi-access edge computing is about the same as remote node deployment for distributed access architectures, indicating that these two aspects of metro area networks are likely to be co-deployed.Comment: 84 page

    Solution strategies of service fulfilment Operation Support Systems for Next Generation Networks

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    Suomalainen operatiivisten tukijärjestelmien toimittaja tarjoaa ratkaisuja palvelujen aktivointiin, verkkoresurssien hallintaan ja laskutustietojen keruuseen. Nämä ratkaisut ovat pääosin käytössä langattomissa verkoissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa arvioidaan kyseisten ratkaisujen soveltuvuutta palvelutoimitusprosessien automatisointiin tulevaisuuden verkkoympäristöissä. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat runko- ja pääsyverkkojen kiinteät teknologiat, joiden suosio saavuttaa huippunsa seuraavan 5-10 vuoden aikana. Näissä verkoissa palvelujen, kuten yritys-VPN:n tai kuluttajan laajakaistan, aktivointi vaatii monimutkaisen toimitusprosessin, jonka tueksi tarvitaan ensiluokkaista tukijärjestelmää. Teknologiakatsauksen jälkeen tutkimuksessa verrataan viitteellistä tuoteportfoliota saatavilla oleviin operatiivisten tukijärjestelmien arkkitehtuurisiin viitekehyksiin, ja analysoidaan sen soveltuvuus tulevaisuuden verkkoympäristöjen palvelutoimitusprosessin automatisointiin. Myös palvelutoimitusprosessien automatisointiin soveltuvien tukijärjestelmien markkinatilanne arvioidaan, ja tämän perusteella tutkitaan optimaalisinta sovellusstrategiaa. Lopulta voidaan päätellä, että tuoteportfoliolle parhaiten soveltuvin sovellusalue on kuluttajan laajakaistan, ja siihen liittyvien kehittyneempien IP-palveluiden palvelutoimitusprosessien automatisointi.A Finnish Operation Support Systems (OSS) vendor provides solutions for service activation, network inventory and event mediation. These solutions have mostly been deployed in mobile environments. In this thesis it will be studied how feasible it is to use similar solutions for service fulfilment in Next Generation Networks (NGN). NGN is a broad term that describes some key architectural evolutions in telecommunication core and access networks that will be deployed over the next 5 to 10 years. In these networks service, e.g. Triple Play or Virtual Private Network (VPN), activations require an extensive service fulfilment process that must be supported by first-class OSS. After introducing the NGN technologies, the research compares a reference product portfolio to available service fulfilment frameworks and evaluates the applicability. The study analyses the current state of service fulfilment OSS markets and evaluates various solution strategies. Eventually it will be concluded that the most interesting and adequate solution scenario is residential broadband, including value-added IP services

    Redundancy and load balancing at IP layer in access and aggregation networks

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    Mobile communications trends are towards the convergence of mobile telephone network and Internet. People usage of mobile telecommunications is evolving to be as on fixed broadband devices. Thus, mobile operators need to evolve their mobile legacy networks, in order to support new services and offer similar availability and reliability than the rest of Internet. The emergence of all-IP standards, like Long Term Evolution, is pushing this evolution to its final step. The challenging and highly variable access and aggregation networks are the scope of such improvements. The thesis presents in detail different methods for increasing availability on high-end switches, analyzing its strengths and weaknesses. It finally evaluates the implementation of an enhanced VRRP as a solution for high availability testing then feature on a real network

    Optimizing total cost of ownership (TCO) for 5G multi-tenant mobile backhaul (MBH) optical transport networks

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    Legacy network elements are reaching end-of-life and packet-based transport networks are not efficiently optimized. In particular, high density cell architecture in future 5G networks will face big technical and financial challenges due to avalanche of traffic volume and massive growth in connected devices. Raising density and ever-increasing traffic demand within future 5G Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) will result in huge deployment, expansion and operating costs for upcoming Mobile BackHaul (MBH) networks with flat revenue generation. Thus, the goal of this dissertation is to provide an efficient physical network planning mechanism and an optimized resource engineering tool in order to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and increase the generated revenues. This will help Service Providers (SPs) and Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) to improve their network scalability and maintain positive Project Profit Margins (PPM). In order to meet this goal, three key issues are required to be addressed in our framework and are summarized as follows: i) how to design and migrate to a scalable and reliable MBH network in an optimal cost?, ii) how to control the deployment and activation of the network resources in such MBH based on required traffic demand in an efficient and cost-effective way?, and iii) how to enhance the resource sharing in such network and maximize the profit margins in an efficient way? As part of our contributions to address the first issue highlighted above and to plan the MBH with reduced network TCO and improved scalability, we propose a comprehensive migration plan towards an End-to-End Integrated-Optical-Packet-Network (E2-IOPN) for SP optical transport networks. We review various empirical challenges faced by a real SP during the transformation process towards E2-IOPN as well as the implementation of an as-built plan and a high-level design (HLD) for migrating towards lower cost-per-bit GPON, MPLS-TP, OTN and next-generation DWDM technologies. Then, we propose a longer-term strategy based on SDN and NFV approach that will offer rapid end-to-end service provisioning with costefficient centralized network control. We define CapEx and OpEx cost models and drive a cost comparative study that shows the benefit and financial impact of introducing new low-cost packet-based technologies to carry traffic from legacy and new services. To address the second issue, we first introduce an algorithm based on a stochastic geometry model (Voronoi Tessellation) to more precisely define MBH zones within a geographical area and more accurately calculate required traffic demands and related MBH infrastructure. In order to optimize the deployment and activation of the network resources in the MBH in an efficient and cost-effective way, we propose a novel method called BackHauling-as-a-Service (BHaaS) for network planning and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis based on required traffic demand and a "You-pay-only-for-what-you-use" approach. Furthermore, we enhance BHaaS performance by introducing a more service-aware method called Traffic-Profile-asa- Service (TPaaS) to further drive down the costs based on yearly activated traffic profiles. Results show that BHaaS and TPaaS may enhance by 22% the project benefit compared to traditional TCO model. Finally, we introduce a new cost (CapEx and OpEx) models for 5G multi-tenant Virtualized MBH (V-MBH) as part of our contribution to address the third issue. In fact, in order to enhance the resource sharing and maximize the network profits, we drive a novel pay-as-yougrow and optimization model for the V-MBH called Virtual-Backhaul-as-a-Service (VBaaS). VBaaS can serve as a planning tool to optimize the Project Profit Margin (PPM) while considering the TCO and the yearly generated Return-on-Investment (ROI). We formulate an MNO Pricing Game (MPG) for TCO optimization to calculate the optimal Pareto-Equilibrium pricing strategy for offered Tenant Service Instances (TSI). Then, we compare CapEx, OpEx, TCO, ROI and PPM for a specific use-case known in the industry as CORD project using Traditional MBH (T-MBH) versus Virtualized MBH (V-MBH) as well as using randomized versus Pareto-Equilibrium pricing strategies. The results of our framework offer SPs and MNOs a more precise estimation of traffic demand, an optimized infrastructure planning and yearly resource deployment as well as an optimized TCO analysis (CapEx and OpEx) with enhanced pricing strategy and generated ROI. Numerical results show more than three times increase in network profitability using our proposed solutions compared with Traditional MBH (T-MBH) methods

    Auto-bandwidth control in dynamically reconfigured hybrid-SDN MPLS networks

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    The proposition of this work is based on the steady evolution of bandwidth demanding technology, which currently and more so in future, requires operators to use expensive infrastructure capability smartly to maximise its use in a very competitive environment. In this thesis, a traffic engineering control loop is proposed that dynamically adjusts the bandwidth and route of flows of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) tunnels in response to changes in traffic demand. Available bandwidth is shifted to where the demand is, and where the demand requirement has dropped, unused allocated bandwidth is returned to the network. An MPLS network enhanced with Software-defined Networking (SDN) features is implemented. The technology known as hybrid SDN combines the programmability features of SDN with the robust MPLS label switched path features along with traffic engineering enhancements introduced by routing protocols such as Border Gateway Patrol-Traffic Engineering (BGP-TE) and Open Shortest Path First-Traffic Engineering (OSPF-TE). The implemented mixed-integer linear programming formulation using the minimisation of maximum link utilisation and minimum link cost objective functions, combined with the programmability of the hybrid SDN network allows for source to destination demand fluctuations. A key driver to this research is the programmability of the MPLS network, enhanced by the contributions that the SDN controller technology introduced. The centralised view of the network provides the network state information needed to drive the mathematical modelling of the network. The path computation element further enables control of the label switched path's bandwidths, which is adjusted based on current demand and optimisation method used. The hose model is used to specify a range of traffic conditions. The most important benefit of the hose model is the flexibility that is allowed in how the traffic matrix can change if the aggregate traffic demand does not exceed the hose maximum bandwidth specification. To this end, reserved hose bandwidth can now be released to the core network to service demands from other sites

    A proposal for secured, efficient and scalable layer 2 network virtualisation mechanism

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    El contenidos de los capítulos 3 y 4 está sujeto a confidencialidad. 291 p.La Internet del Futuro ha emergido como un esfuerzo investigador para superar estas limitaciones identificadas en la actual Internet. Para ello es necesario investigar en arquitecturas y soluciones novedosas (evolutivas o rompedoras), y las plataformas de experimentación surgen para proporcionar un entorno realista para validar estas nuevas propuestas a gran escala.Debido a la necesidad de compartir la misma infraestructura y recursos para testear simultáneamente diversas propuestas de red, la virtualización de red es la clave del éxito. Se propone una nueva taxonomía para poder analizar y comparar las diferentes propuestas. Se identifican tres tipos: el Nodo Virtual (vNode), la Virtualización posibilitada por SDN (SDNeV) y el overlay.Además, se presentan las plataformas experimentales más relevantes, con un foco especial en la forma en la que cada una de ellas permite la investigación en propuestas de red, las cuales no cumplen todos estos requisitos impuestos: aislamiento, seguridad, flexibilidad, escalabilidad, estabilidad, transparencia, soporte para la investigación en propuestas de red. Por lo tanto, una nueva plataforma de experimentación ortogonal a la experimentación es necesaria.Las principales contribuciones de esta tesis, sustentadas sobre tecnología SDN y NFV, son también los elementos clave para construir la plataforma de experimentación: la Virtualización de Red basada en Prefijos de Nivel 2 (Layer 2 Prefix-based Network Virtualisation, L2PNV), un Protocolo para la Configuración de Direcciones MAC (MAC Address Configuration Protocol, MACP), y un sistema de Control de Acceso a Red basado en Flujos (Flow-based Network Access Control, FlowNAC).Como resultado, se ha desplegado en la Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU) una nueva plataforma experimental, la Plataforma Activada por OpenFlow de EHU (EHU OpenFlow Enabled Facility, EHU-OEF), para experimentar y validar estas propuestas realizadas
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