Thrust reverser for a long duct fan engine

A bypass duct outer cowl includes a fixed cascade disposed between axially spaced fixed cowl portions and a translatable cowl sleeve and blocker doors movably disposed on the respective radially outer and inner sides of the cascade. Actuation and linkage structure located entirely within the outer cowl provides for selectively moving the cowl sleeve rearwardly and rotating the blocker doors to a position across the bypass duct to cause the fan airflow to pass through the cascade in a thrust reversing manner

Understanding Pathways into Care homes using Data (UnPiCD study) a retrospective cohort study using national linked health and social care data: a retrospective cohort study using national linked health and social care data

Background: Pathways into care are poorly understood but important life events for individuals and their families. UK policy is to avoid moving-in to care homes from acute hospital settings. This assumes that moves from secondary care represent a system failure. However, those moving to care homes from community and hospital settings may be fundamentally different groups, each requiring differing care approaches. Objective: To characterise individuals who move-in to a care home from hospital and compare with those moving-in from the community. Design and setting: A retrospective cohort study using cross-sectoral data linkage of care home data. Methods: We included adults moving-in to care homes between 1/4/13 and 31/3/16, recorded in the Scottish Care Home Census. Care home data were linked to general and psychiatric hospital admissions, community prescribing and mortality records to ascertain comorbidities, significant diagnoses, hospital resource use, polypharmacy and frailty. Multivariate logistic regression identified predictors of moving-in from hospital compared to from community. Results: We included 23,892 individuals moving-in to a care home, 13,564 (56.8%) from hospital and 10,328 (43.2%) from the community. High frailty risk adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 5.11 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.60–5.68), hospital discharge with diagnosis of fracture aOR 3.91 (95%CI: 3.41–4.47) or stroke aOR 8.42 (95%CI: 6.90–10.29) were associated with moving-in from hospital. Discharge from in-patient psychiatry was also a highly significant predictor aOR 19.12 (95%CI: 16.26–22.48). Conclusions: Individuals moving-in to care homes directly from hospital are clinically distinct from those from the community. Linkage of cross-sectoral data can allow exploration of pathways into care at scale

Kinematic synthesis of adjustable four-bar mechanisms for multi-phase motion generation

A four-bar linkage can satisfy up to five prescribed positions for the motion generation problem. The adjustable four-bar linkage, on the other hand, can satisfy more than five given positions by making some of the parameters adjustable. Limited work had been done in the area of motion generation problems of kinematic synthesis of adjustable four-bar linkages until Wilhelm introduced the concept of multiple adjustments. This study considers for the first time, the adjustment of a moving pivot, and the problems of three phases of motion. Various combinations of the number of prescribed positions for the motion generation problems are solved here until the prescribed positions reach the maximum permissible number. These solutions are developed for two and three phase adjustable moving pivot problems, two phase adjustable moving pivot and crank length problems, three phase adjustable crank length problems, and three phase adjustable fixed pivot problems. Equations are also developed for the most complicated cases, which are two phase adjustable moving pivot problems with three positions in each of the two phases, and three phase adjustable crank length problem with two positions in each of the three phases. Six synthesis example problems are presented which represent various topics covered in this study. Several Turbo Pascal programs are developed for solving the synthesis problems. Many user-defined AutoLISP functions and commands are specially designed for this work

Testing an hypothesis of hybrid zone movement for toads in France

Hybrid zone movement may result in substantial unidirectional introgression of selectively neutral material from the local to the advancing species, leaving a genetic footprint. This genetic footprint is represented by a trail of asymmetric tails and displaced cline centres in the wake of the moving hybrid zone. A peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium is predicted to exist ahead of the centre of the moving hybrid zone. We test these predictions of the movement hypothesis in a hybrid zone between common (Bufo bufo) and spined toads (B. spinosus), using 31 nuclear and one mtDNA SNPs along a transect in the northwest of France. Average effective selection in Bufo hybrids is low and clines vary in shape and centre. A weak pattern of asymmetric introgression is inferred from cline discordance of seven nuclear markers. The dominant direction of gene flow is from B. spinosus to B. bufo and is in support of southward movement of the hybrid zone. Conversely, a peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium north of the hybrid zone suggests northward movement. These contrasting results can be explained by reproductive isolation of the B. spinosus and B. bufo gene pools at the southern (B. spinosus) side of the hybrid zone. The joint occurrence of asymmetric introgression and admixture linkage disequilibrium can also be explained by the combination of low dispersal and random genetic drift due to low effective population sizes