Do injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs need a value-laden multiplier in value expectancy models? A Case Series Across Multiple Health Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefit of transforming expectancy-based determinants of injunctive and descriptive norms with a value-laden construct across a case series of health behaviors. This case series draws upon three cases (sugar-sweetened beverages, physical activity, and sleep), each evaluating generalized injunctive (ΣIN) and descriptive norms (ΣDN), with corresponding value-expectancy based determinants: injunctive normative belief strength (inbi) and motivation to comply (mtci), and descriptive normative belief strength (dnbi) and identification with referents (iwri). Each belief-based measure (inbi/dnbi) and product between belief-based measure and value-laden measure (inbi x mtci/dnbi x iwri) was correlated to its corresponding generalized scale (ΣIN/ΣDN), and the associations were compared using Steiger’s test for comparing two dependent correlations with one variable in common. Across three case series, generalized injunctive norms (ΣIN) was correlated to 12 referents using a value-expectancy model (inbi x mtci) and expectancy-only model (inbi), and generalized descriptive norms was correlated to 15 referents using the same approach (inbi x iwri vs. dnbi). Using Steiger’s test, it was found that the expectancy-only model was significantly better than the value-expectancy model for injunctive norms, but results were mixed for descriptive norms. Results from this study suggest that value-laden constructs only add error when evaluating determinants of injunctive norms, and researchers should consider re-scaling or finding alternative means of measuring mtci. Results pertaining to descriptive norms were mixed, and a better consensus on best methods for operationalizing the construct is warranted

The Online Shopping Behavior of Indonesian Generation X

E-commerce is one of the information technologies that influence consumer behavior. Generation X is characterized by a higher internet adoption rate than the previous generation. As digital immigrants, this generation behavior toward using e-commerce is an interesting phenomenon to be studied. Thus, this study aims to examine the acceptance and use of e-commerce among Generation X using Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) theory. The research sample was 369 Generation X respondents in Indonesia who used e-commerce and were selected using purposive sampling. The questionnaires were distributed online and then analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings showed that Generation X acceptance towards e-commerce were influenced by performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, habit, price value, and behavior intention. In contrast, effort expectancy, facilitating condition, and social influences) were not found to be the predictor that influenced Generation X to use e-commerce. This paper offers valuable insights for e-commerce founders in the development and refinement of e-commerce platforms

PENGGUNAAN MODEL UNIFIED THEORY ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY 2 (UTAUT 2) PADA APLIKASI GOJEK DI KALANGAN PELAJAR SMA KOTA BANDUNG

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh perkembangan teknologi dan informasi di era globalisasi seperti saat ini, salah satu perkembangan teknologi yang beberapa tahun ini sedang popular di Indonesia adalah aplikasi transportasi online. Perkembangan bisnis jasa transportasi berbasis teknologi saat ini dapat memberikan kemudahan kepada para pengguna yang memiliki mobilitas tinggi dalam hal pemesanan jasa transportasi dapat dilakukan menggunakan smartphone. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut juga dapat menjadi kendala bagi perusahaan karena bergantung terhadap penerimaan konsumen akan teknologi. Salah satu platform aplikasi transportasi online yang banyak digunakan saat ini adalah aplikasi Gojek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh tingkat penerimaan teknologi aplikasi Gojek terhadap keputusan penggunaan oleh konsumen. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari enam variabel independen (X) yaitu variabel performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, dan price value. Sedangkan untuk variabel dependen (Y) yaitu variabel behavioral intention. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif dan kausal. Populasi yang digunakan adalah pelajar SMA di Kota Bandung yang pernah menggunakan aplikasi Gojek dengan jumlah sampel 400 responden dan teknik sampling yaitu non-probability sampling dengan jenis purposive sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa semua variabel performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, dan price value berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap behavioral intention dalam penggunaan aplikasi Gojek secara simultan dengan nilai pengaruh sebesar 45,5% yang berarti sisanya sebesar 54,5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lainnya yang tidak diteliti di dalam penelitian ini. Variabel social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, dan price value memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap behavioral intention dalam penggunaan aplikasi Gojek secara parsial, sedangkan variabel performance expectancy dan effort expectancy tidak berpengaruh terhadap behavioral intention dalam penggunaan aplikasi Gojek secara parsial

Evaluación de la motivación en equipos de proyectos

People carry out the projects and the performance of the human team is a key success factor. This communication reflects the results of measuring satisfaction in different project teams, applying the theory of expectations. The study focuses on a questionnaire based on the theory developed by the psychologist Vroom. Different aspects of motivation are analysed, grouped into three main blocks: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and transcendent motivation. In each of them, the valence and expectation that members have is evaluated. The results obtained are considered for each group analyzed.Los proyectos los realizan personas y el desempeño del equipo humano es un factor clave de éxito. Esta comunicación refleja los resultados de medir la satisfacción en distintos equipos de proyectos, aplicando la teoría de las expectativas. El estudio se centra en un cuestionario basado en la teoría desarrollada por el psicólogo Vroom. Se analiza distintos aspectos de la motivación, agrupados en tres grandes bloques: motivación intrínseca, motivación extrínseca y motivación trascendente. En cada uno de ellos se evalúa la valencia y la expectativa que los miembros tienen. Los resultados obtenidos se consideran para cada grupo analizado

The Relative Effects of Merit Pay, Bonuses, and Long-Term Incentives on Future Job Performance (CRI 2009-009)

Extant compensation literature has indicated that pay-for-performance can influence employee performance. There is little research, however, that differentiates the effects of certain forms of pay-for-performance plans on future performance. By applying the precepts of expectancy theory to specific components of the pay-for-performance plans and using longitudinal data from a sample of 739 US employees in a service-related organization, this study demonstrates different effects for merit pay, bonuses, and long-term incentives

Predictors of Adolescents’ Interest in Stem Majors and Careers

Advanced Research Winner 2019: The United States currently faces a shortage of qualified workers in fields related to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). The first critical step in preventing the labor shortage in STEM is understanding the factors that guide adolescents toward STEM pursuits. Drawing on Eccles’ expectancy-value theory (EVT), the current study aims to identify factors that are relevant to adolescents’ interest in STEM majors and careers. Data were collected from 629 adolescents (Mage = 16.09). Participants attended a high school in northern California and predominantly identified as Asian American (82% of the sample). Preliminary analyses revealed that adolescent boys had higher STEM self-expectancies than did adolescent girls, whereas there was no gender difference in STEM values. Consistent with expectations, multiple regression demonstrated that STEM self-expectancies and values accounted for a significant amount of variance in participants’ interest in STEM majors and careers. STEM value was an especially strong predictor; adolescents tended to be most interested in STEM pursuits when they were also high in STEM value. Moderation analyses showed that the association between STEM value and interest in STEM majors and careers was stronger for girls than for boys. As a whole, this study’s findings suggest that valuing and enjoying STEM pursuits during high school could be an important antecedent of pursuing a STEM major and a STEM career later in life

Understanding User Behavioral Intention to Adopt a Search Engine that Promotes Sustainable Water Management

An increase in users’ online searches, the social concern for an efficient management of resources such as water, and the appearance of more and more digital platforms for sustainable purposes to conduct online searches lead us to reflect more on the users’ behavioral intention with respect to search engines that support sustainable projects like water management projects. Another issue to consider is the factors that determine the adoption of such search engines. In the present study, we aim to identify the factors that determine the intention to adopt a search engine, such as Lilo, that favors sustainable water management. To this end, a model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is proposed. The methodology used is the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS). The results demonstrate that individuals who intend to use a search engine are influenced by hedonic motivations, which drive their feeling of contentment with the search. Similarly, the success of search engines is found to be closely related to the ability a search engine grants to its users to generate a social or environmental impact, rather than users’ trust in what they do or in their results. However, according to our results, habit is also an important factor that has both a direct and an indirect impact on users’ behavioral intention to adopt different search engines

Perceived Equity, Motivation and Final Offer Arbitration in Major League Baseball

Final offer salary arbitration in major league baseball offers a unique institutional arrangement that creates a naturally occurring non-equivalent groups repeated measure research design. The structural arrangements allow for examination of anticipatory expectancy effects and for assessment of behavioral responses consistent with equity theory predictions. Additionally, equity theory can be tested without the methodological problems inherent in defining the referent other. Performance and mobility were examined for major league baseball position players who won and lost their arbitration hearings. Pre-arbitration performance was found to significantly predict arbitration outcome. Despite similar patterns of post-arbitration performance between winners and losers, a significant relationship was noted between losing arbitration and postarbitration performance declines. Analyses also suggested that losers were also significantly more likely to change teams and leave major league baseball. The causality of the relationship between performance and arbitration outcome is discussed along with expectancy and equity effects as they relate to performance and mobility following the arbitration intervention

Factors affecting e-government adoption in the state of Qatar

Electronic government (e-government) initiatives are in their early stages in many developing countries and faced with various issues pertaining to their implementation, adoption and diffusion. Although e-government has increased transparency and improved communication and access to information for citizens, digital diffusion of information is often achieved at high cost to government agencies. Conversely, citizens’ adoption of e-government services has been less than satisfactory in most countries. While studies by researchers continue to outline the most salient adoption constructs, as well as various frameworks and models for understanding adoption, research by independent consultancy/research organisations has produced a host of statistics and league tables of good and bad practices of service delivery. Like many other developing countries, the e-government initiative in the state of Qatar has faced a number of challenges since its inception in 2000. This study utilises the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to explore the adoption of e-government services in the state of Qatar. 1179 citizens were surveyed to collect primary data. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of the factors adapted from the UTAUT on e-government adoption. Reliability test reported values of the various constructs vary between (0.74) and (0.91). The findings reveal that effort expectancy and social influences determine citizens’ behavioural intention towards e-government. Additionally, facilitating conditions and behavioural intention were found to determine citizens’ use of e-government services in Qatar. Implications for practice and research are discussed

Unexpected and just missed : the separate influence of the appraisals of expectancy and proximity on negative emotions

Previous research has suggested that a goal-incongruent outcome leads to more intense negative emotions when it is unexpected and close to a goal-congruent outcome. Until now, however, no studies have disentangled the influence of the appraisals of expectancy and proximity on emotions. We experimentally manipulated each of these variables in 3 slot machine experiments and measured emotions via differences in motivation (i.e., the tendency to repair the goal incongruence) and feelings (i.e., disappointment, frustration, and anger). The experiments consisted of a series of trials that each started with the sequential presentation of 3 symbols. In case of a win trial, all symbols were equal (e. g., AAA) and the participant gained 10 cents; in case of a loss trial, one or more of the symbols differed and the participant gained 0 cents. Three different loss trials were compared: unexpected proximal ones (e. g., AAB), expected proximal ones (e. g., ABA), and expected distal ones (e. g., ABC). The tendency to repair was measured online via behavior as well as retrospectively via self-reports; feelings were measured retrospectively (Experiments 1 and 2) or online (Experiment 3). Unexpected losses seemed to increase the tendency to repair as well as feelings of disappointment (in all experiments) and feelings of frustration and anger (in Experiments 1 and 3). Proximal losses increased only the tendency to repair (in all experiments). This suggests that the appraisals of expectancy and proximity have a distinct influence on emotions