8,870 research outputs found
Morphological feature extraction for statistical learning with applications to solar image data
Abstract: Many areas of science are generating large volumes of digital image data. In order to take full advantage of the high-resolution and high-cadence images modern technology is producing, methods to automatically process and analyze large batches of such images are needed. This involves reducing complex images to simple representations such as binary sketches or numerical summaries that capture embedded scientific information. Using techniques derived from mathematical morphology, we demonstrate how to reduce solar images into simple ‘sketch ’ representations and numerical summaries that can be used for statistical learning. We demonstrate our general techniques on two specific examples: classifying sunspot groups and recognizing coronal loop structures. Our methodology reproduces manual classifications at an overall rate of 90 % on a set of 119 magnetogram and white light images of sunspot groups. We also show that our methodology is competitive with other automated algorithms at producing coronal loop tracings and demonstrate robustness through noise simulations. 2013 Wile
Image patch analysis and clustering of sunspots: a dimensionality reduction approach
Sunspots, as seen in white light or continuum images, are associated with
regions of high magnetic activity on the Sun, visible on magnetogram images.
Their complexity is correlated with explosive solar activity and so classifying
these active regions is useful for predicting future solar activity. Current
classification of sunspot groups is visually based and suffers from bias.
Supervised learning methods can reduce human bias but fail to optimally
capitalize on the information present in sunspot images. This paper uses two
image modalities (continuum and magnetogram) to characterize the spatial and
modal interactions of sunspot and magnetic active region images and presents a
new approach to cluster the images. Specifically, in the framework of image
patch analysis, we estimate the number of intrinsic parameters required to
describe the spatial and modal dependencies, the correlation between the two
modalities and the corresponding spatial patterns, and examine the phenomena at
different scales within the images. To do this, we use linear and nonlinear
intrinsic dimension estimators, canonical correlation analysis, and
multiresolution analysis of intrinsic dimension.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ICIP 201
Uneven illumination surface defects inspection based on convolutional neural network
Surface defect inspection based on machine vision is often affected by uneven
illumination. In order to improve the inspection rate of surface defects
inspection under uneven illumination condition, this paper proposes a method
for detecting surface image defects based on convolutional neural network,
which is based on the adjustment of convolutional neural networks, training
parameters, changing the structure of the network, to achieve the purpose of
accurately identifying various defects. Experimental on defect inspection of
copper strip and steel images shows that the convolutional neural network can
automatically learn features without preprocessing the image, and correct
identification of various types of image defects affected by uneven
illumination, thus overcoming the drawbacks of traditional machine vision
inspection methods under uneven illumination
Improvements on coronal hole detection in SDO/AIA images using supervised classification
We demonstrate the use of machine learning algorithms in combination with
segmentation techniques in order to distinguish coronal holes and filaments in
SDO/AIA EUV images of the Sun. Based on two coronal hole detection techniques
(intensity-based thresholding, SPoCA), we prepared data sets of manually
labeled coronal hole and filament channel regions present on the Sun during the
time range 2011 - 2013. By mapping the extracted regions from EUV observations
onto HMI line-of-sight magnetograms we also include their magnetic
characteristics. We computed shape measures from the segmented binary maps as
well as first order and second order texture statistics from the segmented
regions in the EUV images and magnetograms. These attributes were used for data
mining investigations to identify the most performant rule to differentiate
between coronal holes and filament channels. We applied several classifiers,
namely Support Vector Machine, Linear Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree,
and Random Forest and found that all classification rules achieve good results
in general, with linear SVM providing the best performances (with a true skill
statistic of ~0.90). Additional information from magnetic field data
systematically improves the performance across all four classifiers for the
SPoCA detection. Since the calculation is inexpensive in computing time, this
approach is well suited for applications on real-time data. This study
demonstrates how a machine learning approach may help improve upon an
unsupervised feature extraction method.Comment: in press for SWS
Unsupervised spectral sub-feature learning for hyperspectral image classification
Spectral pixel classification is one of the principal techniques used in hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis. In this article, we propose an unsupervised feature learning method for classification of hyperspectral images. The proposed method learns a dictionary of sub-feature basis representations from the spectral domain, which allows effective use of the correlated spectral data. The learned dictionary is then used in encoding convolutional samples from the hyperspectral input pixels to an expanded but sparse feature space. Expanded hyperspectral feature representations enable linear separation between object classes present in an image. To evaluate the proposed method, we performed experiments on several commonly used HSI data sets acquired at different locations and by different sensors. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms other pixel-wise classification methods that make use of unsupervised feature extraction approaches. Additionally, even though our approach does not use any prior knowledge, or labelled training data to learn features, it yields either advantageous, or comparable, results in terms of classification accuracy with respect to recent semi-supervised methods
Image patch analysis of sunspots and active regions. II. Clustering via matrix factorization
Separating active regions that are quiet from potentially eruptive ones is a
key issue in Space Weather applications. Traditional classification schemes
such as Mount Wilson and McIntosh have been effective in relating an active
region large scale magnetic configuration to its ability to produce eruptive
events. However, their qualitative nature prevents systematic studies of an
active region's evolution for example. We introduce a new clustering of active
regions that is based on the local geometry observed in Line of Sight
magnetogram and continuum images. We use a reduced-dimension representation of
an active region that is obtained by factoring the corresponding data matrix
comprised of local image patches. Two factorizations can be compared via the
definition of appropriate metrics on the resulting factors. The distances
obtained from these metrics are then used to cluster the active regions. We
find that these metrics result in natural clusterings of active regions. The
clusterings are related to large scale descriptors of an active region such as
its size, its local magnetic field distribution, and its complexity as measured
by the Mount Wilson classification scheme. We also find that including data
focused on the neutral line of an active region can result in an increased
correspondence between our clustering results and other active region
descriptors such as the Mount Wilson classifications and the value. We
provide some recommendations for which metrics, matrix factorization
techniques, and regions of interest to use to study active regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Journal of Space Weather and Space
Climate (SWSC). 33 pages, 12 figure
Local Defects in colloidal quantum dot thin films measured via spatially resolved multi-modal optoelectronic spectroscopy.
The morphology, chemical composition, and electronic uniformity of thin-film solution-processed optoelectronics are believed to greatly affect device performance. Although scanning probe microscopies can address variations on the micrometer scale, the field of view is still limited to well under the typical device area, as well as the size of extrinsic defects introduced during fabrication. Herein, a micrometer-resolution 2D characterization method with millimeter-scale field of view is demonstrated, which simultaneously collects photoluminescence spectra, photocurrent transients, and photovoltage transients. This high-resolution morphology mapping is used to quantify the distribution and strength of the local optoelectronic property variations in colloidal quantum dot solar cells due to film defects, physical damage, and contaminants across nearly the entire test device area, and the extent to which these variations account for overall performance losses. It is found that macroscopic defects have effects that are confined to their localized areas, rarely prove fatal for device performance, and are largely not responsible for device shunting. Moreover, quantitative analysis based on statistical partitioning methods of such data is used to show how defect identification can be automated while identifying variations in underlying properties such as mobilities and recombination strengths and the mechanisms by which they govern device behavior.DMR-1807342 - National Science Foundation; Hopkins Extreme Materials InstituteAccepted manuscrip
Extracting individual contributions from their mixture: a blind source separation approach, with examples from space and laboratory plasmas
Multipoint or multichannel observations in plasmas can frequently be modelled
as an instantaneous mixture of contributions (waves, emissions, ...) of
different origins. Recovering the individual sources from their mixture then
becomes one of the key objectives. However, unless the underlying mixing
processes are well known, these situations lead to heavily underdetermined
problems. Blind source separation aims at disentangling such mixtures with the
least possible prior information on the sources and their mixing processes.
Several powerful approaches have recently been developed, which can often
provide new or deeper insight into the underlying physics. This tutorial paper
briefly discusses some possible applications of blind source separation to the
field of plasma physics, in which this concept is still barely known. Two
examples are given. The first one shows how concurrent processes in the
dynamical response of the electron temperature in a tokamak can be separated.
The second example deals with solar spectral imaging in the Extreme UV and
shows how empirical temperature maps can be built.Comment: expanded version of an article to appear in Contributions to Plasma
Physics (2010
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