29,241 research outputs found

    More security or less insecurity (transcript of discussion)

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    The purpose of this talk is to explore the possibility of an exploitable analogy between approaches to secure system design and theories of jurisprudence. The prevailing theory of jurisprudence in the West at the moment goes back to Hobbes. It was developed by Immanuel Kant and later by Rousseau, and is sometimes called the contractarian model after Rousseau’s idea of the social contract. It’s not the sort of contract that you look at and think, oh gosh, that might be nice, I might think about opting in to that, it’s more like a pop up licence agreement that says, do you want to comply with this contract, or would you rather be an outlaw. So you don’t get a lot of choice about it. Sometimes the same theory, flying the flag of Immanuel Kant, is called transcendental institutionalism, because the basic approach says, you identify the legal institutions that in a perfect world would govern society, and then you look at the processes and procedures, the protocols that everyone should follow in order to enable those institutions to work, and then you say, right, that can’t be transcended, so therefore there’s a moral imperative for everyone to do it. So this model doesn’t pay any attention to the actual society that emerges, or to the incentives that these processes actually place on various people to act in a particular way. It doesn’t look at any interaction effects, it simply says, well you have to behave in this particular way because that’s what the law says you have to do, and the law is the law, and anybody who doesn’t behave in that way is a criminal, or (in our terms) is an attackerFinal Accepted Versio

    Application of Photovoice with Focus Groups to Explore Dietary Behaviors of Older Filipino Adults with Cardiovascular Disease

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    Filipino Americans have high rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study explored the dietary behaviors, a modifiable risk factor, of Filipinos with CVD. Filipinos with CVD were recruited and trained to do Photovoice. Participants took photos to depict their “food experience,” defined as their daily dietary activities. Participants then shared their photos during focus groups. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using an iterative, grounded theory approach. Among 38 Filipino participants, the mean age was 70 years old and all were foreign-born. Major themes included efforts to retain connection to Filipino culture through food, and dietary habits shaped by cultural health beliefs. Many believed that traditional dietary practices increased CVD risk. Receiving a CVD diagnosis and clinician advice changed their dietary behaviors. Household members, the physical environment, and economic constraints also influenced dietary behaviors. Photovoice is feasible among older Filipinos and may enhance understanding of drivers of dietary behaviors

    Work and Life Patterns of Freelancers in the (New) Media:A Comparative Analysis in the Context of Welfare State and Labour Market Regulations in Denmark and Germany

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    Climate, change and insecurity: Views from a Gisu hillside

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    In this study I investigate the significance of climate variability and extremes (and by analogy, climate change) for human security in an African context of multiple risks, shocks and stresses. I consider the sociocultural dynamics of people’s responses to these diverse threats and their implications for climate adaptation. The location is a poor hillside village in Uganda. Its Gisu inhabitants rely on subsistence farming and are exposed to climate variability and extremes as well as acute land scarcity and environmental degradation. I interviewed over 80 men and women in different structural positions and with different social identities. Destructive rainfall destroys food crops, erodes soil and triggers landslides. Analysing these impacts helps to build understanding of the possible context-specific consequences of climate change in East African highland communities. Villagers’ ability to cope with and adapt to destructive rainfall is socially differentiated, with gender relations an important influence. The impacts of destructive rainfall contribute to a complex cycle of human insecurity, which needs to be viewed as an integrated whole. Hunger and poverty are at the core; but tensions, contestations and conflicts among differently-placed social actors are also prominent. Some of these socially-constructed threats are associated with unequal power relations and maladaptive responses to deteriorating environmental and economic conditions. The metaphor of ‘threat landscapes’ is useful for explaining differences and changes in individuals’ awareness of threats and the epistemic limitations of subjective accounts. Responses to climate and non-climate threats alike are shaped by cultural norms, values and traditions. They can be undermined, as well as supported, by conjugal, kin and community relations and by governance institutions and actors. Sociocultural issues such as these should be at the centre of climate adaptation narratives because they are critical to adaptive capacity

    Chronic Disease Self-Management Challenges among Rural Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India: A Qualitative Study.

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    Rural women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) in India experience challenges self-managing HIV/AIDS in their rural communities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors influencing their care and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence. Themes that emerged from the qualitative focus groups among WLHA (N = 24) in rural Prakasam, Andhra Pradesh, India, included: (1) coming to know about HIV and other health conditions, (2) experiences being on ART, (3) challenges maintaining a nutritious diet, (4) factors affecting health care access and quality, and (5) seeking support for a better future. Chronic disease self-management in rural locales is challenging, given the number of barriers which rural women experience on a daily basis. These findings suggest a need for individual- and structural-level supports that will aid in assisting rural WLHA to self-manage HIV/AIDS as a chronic illness

    Made in the USA? The influence of the US on the EU's data protection regime. CEPS Liberty and Security, November 2009

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    Recent developments have shown that the EU’s border security policy is greatly influenced by the US. This influence simultaneously has implications for other EU policies, including those on data protection. This paper highlights that policy-making at the transatlantic level is increasingly taking place through informal networks, such as the High-Level Political Dialogue on Border and Transportation Security and the High-Level Contact Group on data protection, which allow US involvement in EU policy-making. This tendency stems from the growing personal relationships among policy-makers, the gradual substitution of formal instruments with less formal contracts and informal understandings shaping the content of formal agreements. Drawing from empirical examples of EU–US cooperation on data protection in the context of homeland security, the paper analyses the repercussions of these developments and the issues that remain unresolved, and offers policy recommendations

    Summer Nutrition Program Availability in Tennessee

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    Background: The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Summer Nutrition Programs (SNPs) provide free meals to children during the summertime when the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Programs (SBP) are not available. Only 14.1% of students who participated in free/reduced-price NSLP participated in SNP in 2018. Increasing the availability of SNP sites is one strategy to increase participation. A comprehensive understanding of current SNP site availability is an important first step towards increasing site availability. Objective: To present a robust examination of SNP site availability per county in Tennessee to assess density and consistency of SNP availability and to document perspectives of SNP personnel to identify key features that aid in program success.Design: This study used a mixed methods design. A heat map presented SNP site availability data to represent density (the number of sites in a given area) and consistency of site availability (the fluctuation of site availability throughout the summer). The heat map ranked the counties based on site availability and identified positive deviants. Next, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was done on the qualitative data to identify five themes that contributed to high levels of site availability.Dataset/Subjects: Data were retrieved from the USDA FNS Capacity Builder on all open SNP sites in Tennessee in 2018 (n=2073). Interview participants (n=12) were SNP staff members.Results: The weekly average standardized density of SNP sites was 2.36 (SD=3.85) sites. Weeks in June had significantly higher site densities (3.32±4.02) than July (2.41±4.09, p=0.017) and August (0.61±0.92, p=0.001). Heat map analysis identified positively deviant counties (n=16). Thematic analysis revealed five themes that promoted SNP program success: site accessibility, sites linked with community programs, kid-friendly foods, approach to administrative requirements, and staff values.Conclusions: This study presented a novel assessment of SNP site availability by using heat map and positive deviant methodologies in SNP research and by assessing density and consistency of site availability. The five themes revealed key features that participants believed contributed to the overall success and high availability
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