Wireless communication, identification and sensing technologies enabling integrated logistics: a study in the harbor environment

In the last decade, integrated logistics has become an important challenge in the development of wireless communication, identification and sensing technology, due to the growing complexity of logistics processes and the increasing demand for adapting systems to new requirements. The advancement of wireless technology provides a wide range of options for the maritime container terminals. Electronic devices employed in container terminals reduce the manual effort, facilitating timely information flow and enhancing control and quality of service and decision made. In this paper, we examine the technology that can be used to support integration in harbor's logistics. In the literature, most systems have been developed to address specific needs of particular harbors, but a systematic study is missing. The purpose is to provide an overview to the reader about which technology of integrated logistics can be implemented and what remains to be addressed in the future

Security of GPS/INS based On-road Location Tracking Systems

Location information is critical to a wide-variety of navigation and tracking applications. Today, GPS is the de-facto outdoor localization system but has been shown to be vulnerable to signal spoofing attacks. Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) are emerging as a popular complementary system, especially in road transportation systems as they enable improved navigation and tracking as well as offer resilience to wireless signals spoofing, and jamming attacks. In this paper, we evaluate the security guarantees of INS-aided GPS tracking and navigation for road transportation systems. We consider an adversary required to travel from a source location to a destination, and monitored by a INS-aided GPS system. The goal of the adversary is to travel to alternate locations without being detected. We developed and evaluated algorithms that achieve such goal, providing the adversary significant latitude. Our algorithms build a graph model for a given road network and enable us to derive potential destinations an attacker can reach without raising alarms even with the INS-aided GPS tracking and navigation system. The algorithms render the gyroscope and accelerometer sensors useless as they generate road trajectories indistinguishable from plausible paths (both in terms of turn angles and roads curvature). We also designed, built, and demonstrated that the magnetometer can be actively spoofed using a combination of carefully controlled coils. We implemented and evaluated the impact of the attack using both real-world and simulated driving traces in more than 10 cities located around the world. Our evaluations show that it is possible for an attacker to reach destinations that are as far as 30 km away from the true destination without being detected. We also show that it is possible for the adversary to reach almost 60-80% of possible points within the target region in some cities

Mass-Market Receiver for Static Positioning: Tests and Statistical Analyses

Nowadays, there are several low cost GPS receivers able to provide both pseudorange and carrier phase measurements in the L1band, that allow to have good realtime performances in outdoor condition. The present paper describes a set of dedicated tests in order to evaluate the positioning accuracy in static conditions. The quality of the pseudorange and the carrier phase measurements let hope for interesting results. The use of such kind of receiver could be extended to a large number of professional applications, like engineering fields: survey, georeferencing, monitoring, cadastral mapping and cadastral road. In this work, the receivers performance is verified considering a single frequency solution trying to fix the phase ambiguity, when possible. Different solutions are defined: code, float and fix solutions. In order to solve the phase ambiguities different methods are considered. Each test performed is statistically analyzed, highlighting the effects of different factors on precision and accurac

SaPPART White paper. Better use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems for safer and greener transport

Transport and mobility services are crucial to the society that faces important challenges. Up to date, transport facilities and services have been fundamental to economic growth. However, there have significant and unacceptable negative impacts on the environment including pollution, noise and climate change. Therefore, it is paramount that the efficiency of the transport system is improved significantly including lower consumption of energy. A way of achieving this is through the concept of smart transport that exploits Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) technology. ITS are built on three technology pillars: information, communication and positioning technologies. Of the three technologies, positioning could be argued to be the least familiar amongst transport stakeholders. However, a quick investigation reveals that there are a wide variety of transport and related services often associated with communication technologies that are supported by positioning. Currently, the positioning is provided in the majority of the cases by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), among which the Global Positioning System (GPS) is the pioneer and still the most widely used system. The other current fully operational stand-alone system is Russia’s GLONASS. As these operational systems were not originally and specifically designed for transport applications, the actual capabilities and limitations of the current GNSS are not fully understood by many stakeholders. Therefore, better knowledge of these limitations and their resolution should enable a much more rapid deployment of ITS. This white paper is produced by the members of the COST Action SaPPART with two principal aims. The first is to explain the principles, state-of-the-art performance of GNSS technology and added value in the field of transport. The second aim is to deliver key messages to the stakeholders to facilitate the deployment of GNSS technology and thus contribute to the development of smarter and greener transport systems. The first chapter highlights the important role of positioning in today transport systems and the added value of accurate and reliable positioning for critical systems. The second chapter is about positioning technologies for transport: GNSS and their different aiding and augmentation methods are described, but the other complementary technologies are also introduced. The third and last chapter is about the management of performances inside a positioning-based intelligent transport system, between the positioning system itself and the application-specific part of the system which processes the raw position for delivering its service

Supporting Cyber-Physical Systems with Wireless Sensor Networks: An Outlook of Software and Services

Sensing, communication, computation and control technologies are the essential building blocks of a cyber-physical system (CPS). Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a way to support CPS as they provide fine-grained spatial-temporal sensing, communication and computation at a low premium of cost and power. In this article, we explore the fundamental concepts guiding the design and implementation of WSNs. We report the latest developments in WSN software and services for meeting existing requirements and newer demands; particularly in the areas of: operating system, simulator and emulator, programming abstraction, virtualization, IP-based communication and security, time and location, and network monitoring and management. We also reflect on the ongoing efforts in providing dependable assurances for WSN-driven CPS. Finally, we report on its applicability with a case-study on smart buildings

Determinants of using telematics systems in road transport companies

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the scope of using telematics systems based on GPS/GPRS in the road transport as well as to identify determinants of applying telematics tools to increase the quality in the supply chain. Design/Methodology/Approach: The contribution is based on a review of literature, preparing of a questionnaire-based survey directed to road transport companies and estimating logit models. Findings: It is submitted that there is an observable trend of extending telematics in the road transport. The following variables increase the probability of using telematics systems for punctuality checking in supply chains such as the number of employed persons, importance of telematics for getting new orders, managers’ viewpoints that telematics increases the quality of order processing and forecasting punctuality of loadings as well as speeds up decision-making processes. Practical Implications: Application of IT solutions including telematics in road transport is growing continuously. However, the awareness of managers about possible areas of applying them is still unsatisfactory. The paper reveals the determinants of application telematics in supply chain, which can be used to motivate and train managers to extend its scope in practice. Originality/Value: The study is based on primary data from road transport companies and related to the scope of application of telematics systems in operational management. A logit model is applied to evaluate the determinants of using IT systems in the road transport industry. It may be useful for practitioners and analytics of transport industry to broaden applications of IT solutions.peer-reviewe

Challenges in Arctic Navigation and Geospatial Data : User Perspective and Solutions Roadmap

Navigation and location-based applications, including business such as transport, tourism, and mining, in Arctic areas face a variety of specific challenges. In fact, these challenges concern not only the Arctic Circle but certain other areas as well, such as the Gulf of Bothnia. This report provides a review on these challengs which concern a variety of technologies ranging from satellite navigation to telecommunications and mapping. In order to find out end-users' views on the significance of Arctic challenges, an online survey was conducted. The 77 respondents representing all Arctic countries, the majority being from Finland, highlighted the challenges in telecommunications as well as accuracy concerns for emerging applications dealing with precise navigation. This report provides a review of possible technologies for addressing the Arctic challenges, based on which a road map for solving them is developed. The road map also uses the results of expert working groups from the Challenges in Arctic Navigation workshop arranged in April 2018 in Olos, Muonio, Finland. This report was produced within the ARKKI project. It was funded by the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs under the Baltic Sea, Barents and Arctic cooperation programme, and implemented by the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute in collaboration with the Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications