Ulysses: A Mighty Hero in the Fight for Freedom of Expression

James Joyce’s Ulysses was a revolutionary novel, and this much is common knowledge. What is not common knowledge is how useful Ulysses was in pushing the boundaries of freedom of expression. This masterpiece of literature opened the door for modern American free speech jurisprudence, but in recent years has become more of an object of judicial scorn. This Article seeks to educate legal scholars as to the importance of the novel, and attempts to reverse the anti-intellectual spirit that runs through modern American jurisprudence, where the novel is now more used as an object of mockery, or as a negative example

Believers But Not Followers: The Unstoppable Misconduct And Neglect Of Christians Outside Ministries Duties

Christianity is embedded in moral conduct, values, and norms which require believers to project a Christ-like nature. While the whole concept of Christianity is embodied in faith and righteousness, the current generation of believers has exhibited an increased state of secularism which contradicts biblical morals and drifts them further from the religious faith. This research stems from the increasingly common notion of “believers but not followers,” where Christians wittingly abandon their ministerial duties and engage in misconduct. The selection of this topic emanates from the deep concern regarding the rising trend of hypocrisy among believers and mainly propagated by events and factors within the social scene. To adequately address the study problem, the researcher sought to answer the question of why most Christians are mere believers, but not followers, and the ways through which the issue can be resolved. The objectives dwelt on determining the precipitating factors, the extent of the problem, and effective mitigation approaches. The mixed-method research was preferred due to the capacity to depict both quantitative and qualitative data outcomes, collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The outcome substantiated the claims of unstoppable misconduct among Christians in the ministry. The recommended mitigation approaches include unity among Christian denominations, installation of positive values, responsible use of the internet and social media, and intensified gospel preaching. It is envisaged that the outcome will equip Christian believers with knowledge regarding the appropriate conduct, thereby, enabling them to be able to resist temptations at different levels and experience spiritual growth. The findings bridge the knowledge gap regarding the notion of “believers but not followers” in the social scene

"Directing threds-- through the labyrinth" : the moral use of Platonic conventions and patterns of imagery in Sidney's Astrophil and Stella

Upon examination, the widely recognized stylistic discontinuity of Sidney's Astrophil and Stella resolves itself into a pattern. What some critics have seen as immaturity in many of the early sonnets proves to be conventionality, and many of the final sonnets exhibit the same trait. But while the conventionality of the early group (1-51) is enlivened by Sidney's wit and originality, that of the final group (87- 108) is often sterile and lifeless. Furthermore, the vigor of the middle sonnets (52-86) springs less from a break with convention than it does from a positive attack upon it; convention is constantly the measure. Actually there are two conventions—of literature and of love—and both are essentially Platonic. Although neither Platonism nor Neo-Platonism rejects the role of sexual love for purposes of procreation within the bounds of law or custom, Astrophil's love for a married woman can be morally and ethically justified only if it remains Platonic. As a Platonic lover, he must sublimate his passion and direct his own thoughts and those of his lady to the higher beauty. As a poet, his duty, as prescribed by Sidney in The Defence of Poesie, is similar. He must transform the "brasen world" of nature into the "golden world" of the Ideal

The reflection of language in culture and identity: A case of Basotho in the Free State Province and Lesotho.

Published ThesisThe research investigates the relationship between language, culture and identity among the Basotho residing in the Free State Province of South Africa and Lesotho. The study attempts to reveal how each of the elements namely; language, culture and identity affect each other and what each means to the speakers of Sesotho. Access to immediate communication, which is enabled by the different social media platforms allows people from different languages, cultures and identities to interact thereby exposing them to different ways of speaking, doing things and presenting themselves. The study aims to ascertain at which junction are the Basotho in terms of the above, have they lost interest in speaking their language, practising their culture and portraying their identity? This research study, employed the qualitative research methodology to reveal the interdependent relationship between the concepts of language, culture and identity and their dynamism brought on by the time lapse between generations of Basotho living in the Free State Province of South Africa and Lesotho. The ethnographic research design enabled the researcher to investigate the concepts in their natural setting and as a process was being studied and not the final product. The consent form will be explained and the content of the study to 25 researcher participants of mixed genders, ages 20 - 80 years. The researcher will collect data by interacting with participants by asking questions, making observations, taking notes and recording the interviews on voice recorder. Data will be analysed and interpreted. The literatures consulted gave definitions of the concepts of language, culture and identity. These concepts are in a state of continuum, never remaining static and constantly affecting each other interchangeably. The scholars are in agreement that language transmits culture and identity. The reality of life as experienced and expressed by people reflect their culture and identity Speakers of other languages cannot fully understand the intricacies or nuances of another culture as their terms of reference are framed by their own language and culture. This means that an individual's frame of mind in understanding his/ her environment is hugely influenced by their language and culture. The research is supported by Sapir theory of language and cultu re that heightens the view that language and culture are indispensable, and that language is the vehicle that carries culture everywhere. The findings revealed that the ideology of a particular speech commun ity is propagated by; language - defining and expressing their culture and identity; cul ture - a way of life and how people perceive and make sense of the world around them; and lastly iden tity - how people distinguish themselves from others commun ities through their clothes, music, food, practices, customs, etc. It demonstrated that the older generations are the custodians and teachers of language, culture and identity, and that the younger generations are current students and in turn future custod ians for the generations to come. Basotho nation is in fact very fortunate that the Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho, shall into many eons of time to come, continue to produce Basotho, who speak Sesotho and practice Sesotho cultu re and portray bosotho identity and propagate all things Sesotho going forward

Application of advanced technology to space automation

Automated operations in space provide the key to optimized mission design and data acquisition at minimum cost for the future. The results of this study strongly accentuate this statement and should provide further incentive for immediate development of specific automtion technology as defined herein. Essential automation technology requirements were identified for future programs. The study was undertaken to address the future role of automation in the space program, the potential benefits to be derived, and the technology efforts that should be directed toward obtaining these benefits

Typing the Dancing Signifier: Jim Andrews' (Vis)Poetics

This study focuses on the work of Jim Andrews, whose electronic poems take advantage of a variety of media, authoring programs, programming languages, and file formats to create poetic experiences worthy of study. Much can be learned about electronic textuality and poetry by following the trajectory of a poet and programmer whose fascination with language in programmable media leads him to distinctive poetic explorations and collaborations. This study offers a detailed exploration of Andrews' poetry, motivations, inspirations, and poetics, while telling a piece of the story of the rise of electronic poetry from the mid 1980s until the present. Electronic poetry can be defined as first generation electronic objects that can only be read with a computer--they cannot be printed out nor read aloud without negating that which makes them "native" to the digital environment in which they were created, exist, and are experienced in. If translated to different media, they would lose the extra-textual elements that I describe in this study as behavior. These "behaviors" electronic texts exhibit are programmed instructions that cause the text to be still, move, react to user input, change, act on a schedule, or include a sound component. The conversation between the growing capabilities of computers and networks and Andrews' poetry is the most extensive part of the study, examining three areas in which he develops his poetry: visual poetry (from static to kinetic), sound poetry (from static to responsive), and code poetry (from objects to applications). In addition to being a literary biography, the close readings of Andrews' poems are media-specific analyses that demonstrate how the software and programming languages used shape the creative and production performances in significant ways. This study makes available new materials for those interested in the textual materiality of Andrews' videogame poem, Arteroids, by publishing the Arteroids Development Folder--a collection of source files, drafts, and old versions of the poem. This collection is of great value to those who wish to inform readings of the work, study the source code and its programming architecture, and even produce a critical edition of the work

Work It Out: Three Case Studies Examining Dance and Girls' Body Image in Early Adolescence

For young girls, the self-disciplining of their physical bodies, both in their use and appearance, has resulted in the prevalence of body image issues. Supported by extensive literature on body image, I argue that young girls learn that their self-worth as future women is tied to the evaluation of their bodies as aesthetically pleasing, reproductively able, and representative of conventional femininity. In this dissertation, I detail a new approach to teaching dance to girls in schools who are on the cusp of becoming teenagers through a specially designed program, Work It Out. This program aims to account for the performative nature of gender (Butler 1990) and the prevalence of beauty sickness (Engeln-Maddox 2005) among adolescent girls through self-reflexive, embodied play activities. This teaching strategy applies the inherently expressive nature of creative dance and choreography to girls experience of their bodies and body image. Work It Out fills a pedagogical gap in current body image programming options for girls provided by existing programs. While these other programs have brought the issue of girls body image to the attention of mainstream media, they do not adequately address the issue of girls body image in an inclusive, girl-centered, expressive, flexible, or reflexive way. Through a series of three case studies conducted in a coeducational public school, a girls-only private school, and a type one diabetic girls-only recreational setting, I address the following questions: Can dance, as a form of embodied play, assist girls aged 11 to 14 in grappling with the body image issues that frequently occur in adolescence? Which pedagogical strategies have the potential to foster a more positive corporeal self-conceptualization? And how can educators use dance in a range of settings to encourage positive body image? Overall, this research shows that in these three distinct settings, educators invested in fostering positive body image need to attend to the following three fundamental concepts: body functionality, belonging, and body-based ideals. If girls learn to appreciate their bodies functionality, forge a stronger sense of belonging, and diversify their body-based ideals, they will be empowered to re-conceptualize their body image in a positive way

Surface composition profiles in some polymer mixtures

The surface composition of selected polymer mixtures has been studied to a depth of circa 4000Å with a resolution of up to l0Å using neutron reflectometry (NR) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). The effective interaction parameters, X, of several blends have been measured as a function of both composition and temperature, using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and the incompressible random phase approximation, in order to understand the surface segregation behaviour of the polymer blends. No surface segregation was observed in annealed blends of syndiotactic poly (methyl methacrylate) (h-PMMA) with perdeuterated poly (methyl methylacrylate) (d-PMMA), where the h-PMMA was the majority component with a high molecular weight and the d-PMMA had lower molecular weights. Values of X for these blends showed a chain length disparity effect, higher disparity led to a small negative X. Increases in X were observed at low volume fractions of d-PMMA. Surface segregation of perdeuterated poly (ethylene oxide) (d-PEO) to the polymer - silicon oxide interface of an annealed d-PEO/h-PMMA blend was observed, where the bulk volume fraction of the d-PEO was <0.30. The surface composition profile could not be described by current theory. Measured X values were small and negative and there was a change in X on changing the locus of deuteration from PEO to PMMA in a PEO/PMMA blend. These blends exhibited a decrease in X at low volume fractions of PEO. Polymer brushes were found at the air - polymer interface of a blend of low molecular weight polystyrene (h- PS) with perdeuterated polystyrene with a single perfluorohexane end group (d-PS(F)) or two perfluorohexane end groups (d-PS(F2)). These results were in good agreement with a self consistent field theory. Similar blends of high molecular h-PS / d-PS(F) showed enhanced surface segregation, compared to blends with no perfluorohexane end groups. NR data showed that the surface of a blend of polystyrene with perdeuterated dibutyl phthalate (d-DBP) (a model additive) was enriched with d-DBP over a 30Ålength scale. The loss of d-DBP from a thin film (~ 8OO Å thick) was observed using NR and attenuated total reflection (ATR) infra red spectroscopy