Distributed Creativity and Expansive Learning in a Teacher Training School’s Change Laboratory

Our chapter presents a case study of distributed creativity and expansive learning in the context of a teacher training school in Finland facing transformational needs due to a curriculum reform. We report on an analysis of a Change Laboratory (CL) process of six meetings involving a group of teachers, their headmaster, and researchers. Drawing from sociocultural theories on creativity and the theory of expansive learning, we set out to explore how creative acts emerged during the CL and how the interactive creative process contributed to expansive learning. Our findings illustrate that the creative learning process was socio-materially mediated through the participants’ discourse and tool use. The multiple consecutive creative acts, taken by the participants, generated “creative leaps,” which contributed to expansive learning actions and the materialization of the process into creative products. Consequently, the creative process resulted in a new tangible artifact: a shared pedagogical leadership model and a new collective conceptualization of the leadership activity for the school community. Our findings point to the need to analyze creativity not purely as independent actions but also as a collective activity. Our study offers a novel analytical method for analyzing and conceptualizing processes of distributed creativity as a learning activity in organizations. Our study also contributes to the understanding of creativity as a distributed process intertwined with expansive learning.Peer reviewe

Towards a synthesized critique of neoliberal biodiversity conservation

During the last three decades, the arena of biodiversity conservation has largely aligned itself with the globally dominant political ideology of neoliberalism and associated governmentalities. Schemes such as payments for ecological services are promoted to reach the multiple ‘wins’ so desired: improved biodiversity conservation, economic development, (international) cooperation and poverty alleviation, amongst others. While critical scholarship with respect to understanding the linkages between neoliberalism, capitalism and the environment has a long tradition, a synthesized critique of neoliberal conservation - the ideology (and related practices) that the salvation of nature requires capitalist expansion - remains lacking. This paper aims to provide such a critique. We commence with the assertion that there has been a conflation between ‘economics’ and neoliberal ideology in conservation thinking and implementation. As a result, we argue, it becomes easier to distinguish the main problems that neoliberal win-win models pose for biodiversity conservation. These are framed around three points: the stimulation of contradictions; appropriation and misrepresentation and the disciplining of dissent. Inspired by Bruno Latour’s recent ‘compositionist manifesto’, the conclusion outlines some ideas for moving beyond critique

Understanding “Diversity in Organizations” Paradigmatically and Methodologically

This paper is part of a larger dissertation project named: A Production of Diversity: Appearances, Ideas, Interests, Actions, Contradictions and Praxis. In this dissertation project, which is planned to be completed by the first half of 2006, I have attempted to describe, understand and analyse a process of diversity production at a large manufacturing company, which is located in Sweden and owned by a large American company (for the reason of confidentiality the name of the studied company, which is a large, technical-oriented company, has been changed and some of the information is modified, while another cannot be offered because it would expose the company. The studied manufacturing company will from now be called Diversico). My ambition with this paper is to call attention to different paradigmatical and methodological ways of understanding and studying “diversity in organizations”. A starting-point for my discussion here is an assumption that researchers, by exploring different social phenomena (including “diversity in organizations”), bring their different sets of assumptions to what the studied phenomenon is (or could be) but also at the same time make assumptions on what organizations are (or could be). In other words, researchers, by studying “diversity in organizations” (as well as other social phenomena) construct ideas of diversity by positioning this phenomenon differently, asking different questions or designing research projects differently. In that sense I try to actively engage in both showing some benefits and limits in the present literature and searching for new theoretical and methodological possibilities. In that sense, I give some empirical illustrations inspired by one of these other possibilities. More concretely, I show how my study fulfils images of diversity as actively produced and positioned significant issues, and as domination of particular sectional interests. Furthermore I give illustrations of universalization and naturalization of some aspects of diversity, as identified in the studied process of diversity production at the manufacturing company.Diversity, Critical Theory, Social-Historical Context and Domination

Leaning an University Department: a life experiment

The European Quality Assurance methodology is pushing hard Portuguese Universities so that they should improve their overall performance. Working at a Portuguese University more than a decade ago, one of the authors experienced several life cycles in different Departments and the experience acquired in foreign Universities (USA) teached him a couple of simple things in order to positively participate in this kind of processes. However, he found it quite difficult to apply his knowledge without other’s contribution, due to several endogenous and exogenous reasons, including age and generation viewpoints. Together with the second author we started to apply some theoretical new insights we were discussing together during her PhD research. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experiment we are in now, following a social network methodology used in my Economics PhD together with three theoretical influences we think are inter twinkled like the lean thinking, the value focus thinking and the complication in innovation diffusion processes. After a brief literature review we describe the basic pillars we used to achieve the main goal of improving performance in a young university department. Using some coaching and economic tools and knowledge, we were able to gather a group of different people – students, staff and teachers - deeply involved in our proposal methodology. Preliminary results are briefly identified, as much as further research challenges.Lean thinking; quality improvement; social networks analysis; decision making; Portuguese Universities

Systems Analysis: Exploring the Spectrum of Diversity

Complex problem spaces, such as those addressed by knowledge management or systems analysis projects, call for complex methods of inquiry. A phenomenon in contextual analysis means that there is a need to go beyond consensus and recognized ‘best practice’. As part of a complex method, for contextual analysis, inter-analysis may be conducted, in which individuals explore one another’s perspectives by discussing individually-created narratives. The purpose is not to seek consensus, but to focus on diversity in viewpoints among participants. In this paper, the authors present an approach in which multiple modelling of problem experiences can bring about shifts of perspectives, create new insights and help deepened understandings to emerge. Techniques are presented that support participants to keep an overview of diversity of in-depth inquiries, while not suffocating under information overload due to the large number of narratives. Participants identify clusters of similar/dissimilar narratives in order to limit the number, but not the range of alternative perspectives. The techniques presented are formally described to promote development of decision support systems