Modelling and visualising traces for reflexivity in synchronous collaborative systems

Lauréat du Best Paper AwardInternational audienceThis article addresses issues related to traces modelling and visualisation in synchronous collaborative learning. The objective is to propose models and tools for representing, transforming, sharing and visualizing traces of users' experiences. The traces here represent the users' activities in their interactions with the learning platform. Our proposition is based on reflexive learning defined as the ability to interact with the situation, in order to meet one's own limitations. This work takes place in the ITHACA project which aims at developing an online learning platform that uses interaction traces as knowledge sources on, and for, the learners' learning as individuals or groups. In this paper, we propose a general framework for trace management and sharing, a generic model of synchronous collaborative activity based on the notion of interaction modes, which we specialized for whiteboard sharing and text chatting. We modelled an IRC client and developed a first implementation

PETRA: Process Evolution using a TRAce-based system on a maintenance platform

To meet increasing needs in the field of maintenance, we studied the dynamic aspect of process and services on a maintenance platform, a major challenge in process mining and knowledge engineering. Hence, we propose a dynamic experience feedback approach to exploit maintenance process behaviors in real execution of the maintenance platform. An active learning process exploiting event log is introduced by taking into account the dynamic aspect of knowledge using trace engineering. Our proposal makes explicit the underlying knowledge of platform users by means of a trace-based system called “PETRA”. The goal of this system is to extract new knowledge rules about transitions and activities in maintenance processes from previous platform executions as well as its user (i.e. maintenance operators) interactions. While following a Knowledge Traces Discovery process and handling the maintenance ontology IMAMO, “PETRA” is composed of three main subsystems: tracking, learning and knowledge capitalization. The capitalized rules are shared in the platform knowledge base in order to be reused in future process executions. The feasibility of this method is proven through concrete use cases involving four maintenance processes and their simulation

A Social Dimension for Digital Architectural Practice

Merged with duplicate record 10026.1/1296 on 14.03.2017 by CS (TIS)This thesis proceeds from an analysis of practice and critical commentary to claim that the opportunities presented to some architectural practices by the advent of ubiquitous digital technology have not been properly exploited. The missed opportunities, it claims, can be attributed largely to the retention of a model of time and spaces as discrete design parameters, which is inappropriate in the context of the widening awareness of social interconnectedness that digital technology has also facilitated. As a remedy, the thesis shows that some social considerations essential to good architecture - which could have been more fully integrated in practice and theory more than a decade ago - can now be usefully revisited through a systematic reflection on an emerging use of web technologies that support social navigation. The thesis argues through its text and a number of practical projects that the increasing confidence and sophistication of interdisciplinary studies in geography, most notably in human geography, combined with the technological opportunities of social navigation, provide a useful model of time and space as a unified design parameter. In so doing the thesis suggests new possibilities for architectural practices involving social interaction. Through a literature review of the introduction and development of digital technologies to architectural practice, the thesis identifies the inappropriate persistence of a number of overarching concepts informing architectural practice. In a review of the emergence and growth of 'human geography' it elaborates on the concept of the social production of space, which it relates to an analysis of emerging social navigation technologies. In so doing the thesis prepares the way for an integration of socially aware architecture with the opportunities offered by social computing. To substantiate its claim the thesis includes a number of practical public projects that have been specifically designed to extend and amplify certain concepts, along with a large-scale design project and systematic analysis which is intended to illustrate the theoretical claim and provide a model for further practical exploitation

Measurement, Knowledge, and Representation: A Sociological Study of Arctic Sea-Ice Science

Satellite-derived observations of Arctic sea ice are instrumental in contemporary sea-ice research. Through the production and dissemination of data products, these observations shape our understanding of Arctic sea-ice conditions, knowledge of which is essential for informing policy responses, decision-making, and action in the face of unprecedented climate change. However, due to the complex, dynamic, and indeterminate nature of sea ice and various scientific and technological challenges involved in its observation, measurement, and representation, the accuracy to which these products depict Arctic sea ice is limited. Moreover, the methodologies used to acquire, process, and report satellite data vary between scientific institutions, resulting in inconsistent estimates of key sea-ice parameters. Informed by social constructivist arguments developed within science and technology studies and critical cartography, this thesis contends that satellite-derived sea-ice data products represent a particular way of observing, interpreting, and classifying complex geophysical conditions that is socially and culturally contingent. This raises important questions about how sea-ice knowledge is constructed through the interactions between sea ice, sensing technologies, and social practices. Accordingly, this thesis integrates ethnographic and visual methodologies to critically explore how dynamic and indeterminate geophysical data are acquired, processed, and reported in Arctic sea-ice science. By examining sea-ice data products in terms of their underlying practices and technologies, institutional settings, and the broader socio-cultural, political, and historical contexts in which they are embedded, this thesis provides insights into the sociological nature of contemporary sea-ice research. It concludes that greater recognition of the social contingencies shaping how sea-ice data products are generated and disseminated is needed to foster more democratic and socially responsible forms of scientific knowledge. The findings presented in this thesis may provide valuable starting points for critically examining how sea-ice science may be made more equitable and enriched or improved by alternative perspectives

Social Media Roadmaps. Exploring the futures triggered by social media.

Social media refers to a combination of three elements: content, user communities and Web 2.0 technologies. This foresight report presents six roadmaps of the anticipated developments of social media in three themes: society, companies, and local environment. One of the roadmaps, the meta-roadmap, is the synthesis of them all. The society sub-roadmap explores societal participation through communities. There are three sub-roadmaps relating to companies: interacting with companies through communities, social media in work environment, and social media enhanced shopping. The local environment sub-roadmap looks at social media in local environment. The roadmapping process was carried out through two workshops at VTT. The results of the report are crystallized into five main development lines triggered by social media. First development line is transparency referring to its increasing role in society, both with positive and negative consequences. The second development line is the rise of ubiquitous participatory communication model. This refers to an increase of two-directional and community-based interactivity in every field, where it has some added value. The third development is reflexive empowerment. This refers to the role of social media as an enabler of grass-root community collaboration. The fourth development line is the duality personalization/fragmentation vs. mass effects/integration. Personalization /fragmentation emphasises the tailoring of the web services and content. This development is counterweighted by mass effects/integration, like the formation of super-nodes in the web. The fifth development line is the new relations of physical and virtual worlds. This development line highlights the idea that practices induced by social media, e.g. communication, participation, co-creation, feedback and rating, will get more common in daily environment, and that virtual and physical worlds will be more and more interlinked.</p

18ème Atelier "Raisonnement à Partir de Cas" RàPC 2010

National audienceLe raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC) est un paradigme de résolution de problèmes s'appuyant sur la réutilisation d'expériences passées pour résoudre de nouveaux problèmes. Les applications du RàPC sont nombreuses et la recherche est particuli'erement active en France et dans le monde. Les rencontres annuelles de la communauté fran¸caise ont été organisées depuis 1992 par le groupe français de recherche en RàPC, sous la forme d'ateliers d'un à deux jours, permettant de présenter et de discuter les travaux, théoriques ou appliqués, à différents stades d'avancement. Cette année 2010, le 18ème atelier RàPC est organisé à Strasbourg, en amont des assises du GDR I3 (" Information, Interaction, Intelligence "). À cette occasion, l'atelier RàPC partage une demi-journée avec les rencontres du thème IAF " Intelligence Artificielle Fondamentale " du GDR I3. Le programme complet est ainsi constitué de neuf présentations, huit soumises à l'atelier RàPC et une soumise aux journées IAF. Ces présentations sont réparties en quatre sessions : une première session porte sur des applications du RàPC à l'espace et aux déplacements ; une deuxième session (en deux temps) regroupe différents travaux sur l'adaptation ; les deux autres sessions sont consacrées pour l'une à la réutilisation d'expériences et à la remémoration, et pour l'autre à la comparaison du RàPC à d'autres méthodes appuyées sur l'expérience

Evaluation of video reflexive ethnography as a tool for improvement of teamwork and communication at the multi-disciplinary maternity unit handover

The implementation of video reflexive ethnography (VRE) is suggested to be a successful tool through which to prompt change and improvement at the inter-professional handover in acute healthcare. This thesis was designed to evaluate VRE as an improvement approach, focused on prompting improvement at the inter-professional clinical handover in an acute maternity team. The main aims of the work were to: 1) understand how team reflexivity has been implemented as a tool for improvement in inter-professional hospital-based healthcare teams, 2) to understand whether VRE is feasible and acceptable as a tool for improvement in an acute maternity unit, 3) the role of the facilitator in the successful delivery of VRE and 4) whether and how VRE was successful in prompting change and improvement. A mixed-methods approach was taken to address these main objectives, and a systematic review of the literature was conducted. Semi-structured interviews and ethnographic field notes were employed to gather data on the feasibility and acceptability of VRE, staff perceptions of the VRE process, and the contextual factors important in the successful delivery of VRE. Qualitative data from the reflexive feedback sessions was explored to understand how staff discovered potential issues from the video footage and collectively developed potential solutions. A short before and after survey was employed to gather the perceptions of the wider staff group on the changes to the handover process. The quantitative data generated was assessed using independent samples t-tests, and suggested significant perceived improvement in communication at the inter-professional handover. Qualitative data was assessed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis and adapted framework analysis, and illustrated the specific discoveries and solutions identified in the reflexive feedback sessions, as well as information about feasibility, acceptability and salient contextual factors in the delivery of VRE. The qualitative data was used to develop an initial logic model to map the process of VRE. The thesis also considers the implications of the research and potential for future work, as well as limitations and the challenges of undertaking applied research in an acute healthcare environment