CULTURAL TOURISM EXPERIENCE ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: EVIDENCE FROM THAILAND

This study examines the service quality of cultural tourism experience perceived by tourists on their satisfaction and further explores the relationships between perceived value, appraisal emotion, and customer satisfaction. A total of 327 respondents completed a survey conducted at two cultural festivals in Thailand. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, the results reveal the direct and positive effects of the service quality on perceived value, appraisal emotion, and customer satisfaction. This study summarizes the findings and offers some interesting implications for practitioners and researchers

Daily emotional experiences, stress, and PTSD symptoms among midlife women exposed to intimate partner violence : an experience sampling study.

Described as important long-term consequences of trauma exposure, disruptions in emotional processes are regarded as central features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the nature of these posttraumatic emotional disruptions remains poorly understood. The present study attempted to further understanding of these emotional disruptions by using experience sampling methodologies and electronic diaries to assess experiences of emotion, stress, and PTSD symptoms as they occurred in the day-to-day lives of midlife women exposed to intimate partner violence. Three sets of hypotheses were advanced and were tested using multilevel modeling approaches, with results demonstrating partial support for hypotheses overall. First, although past-month PTSD symptom severity was positively associated with daily negative emotion as expected, past-month PTSD symptom severity was, unexpectedly, not associated with positive emotion. Second, as expected, past-month PTSD symptom severity moderated within persons associations between daily stress and daily negative emotional experiences, such that women with greater PTSD symptom severity exhibited greater negative emotion on stressful days; however, contrary to expectations, no effect of past-month PTSD symptom severity was found for associations between stress and daily positive emotion. Third, while expected within-day positive associations between daily reexperiencing symptoms and daily negative emotion were not found, temporal associations emerged between emotional numbing symptoms, daily reexperiencing symptoms, and negative emotion such that emotional numbing symptoms on a given day were predicted by greater reexperiencing symptoms and lower negative emotion on the preceding day. In addition to expanding the existing literature on PTSD and emotion in general, the present study also offers a guide for future studies seeking to advance understanding of emotional processes in PTSD through the assessment of naturally occurring emotion and provides insights as to how psychological treatments aimed at improving emotional functioning among trauma-exposed individuals may be enhanced

Temperament, emotion regulation, and distress tolerance as related correlates of psychological symptoms

Researchers have postulated that those with difficult temperament are at risk for difficulties with regulating emotions, are less tolerant of distressing stimuli, have characteristic difficulty coping with distress, and are (at some periods of development) more apt to experience clinically significant psychological symptoms. This study used exploratory factor analyses and structural equation modeling to compose and test a model that explained how emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and coping skills interact to explain how certain temperament features translate into psychological symptoms. Because those with difficult temperament were thought to be at a unique risk for psychological maladjustment, mean-based criterion were used to identify those with relatively difficult, typical, or easy temperament and then test whether the degree of between-group differences on study variables was statistically significant. Results of correlational and EFA analyses suggested that there were statistically significant differences between constructs that were correlated highly (i.e., distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and emotion dysregulation). Results of SEM analyses indicated that the relationship between difficult temperament and psychological maladjustment was explained partially by the way in which emotion regulation, emotion dysregulation, distress tolerance, and coping skills interact, with the strength of each mediating variable differing considerably. There were also differences in the power of the relationship between variables when correlational power was considered alone rather than in the context of the larger measurement and structural models. Future directions and implications are discussed

AN EXPERIENCE SAMPLING STUDY OF SLEEP DISTURBANCE, EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS IN PREDICTING ALCOHOL USE AMONG OIF/OEF VETERANS

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common concern for veterans involved in the post-9/11 Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts (Epidemiology, 2017). Alcohol use is highly comorbid with PTSD in returning veterans (Seal et al., 2011). There are several models for the complex relationship between these two constructs including self-medication models or as an attempt to regulate emotion. Sleep disturbances have been linked to PTSD and alcohol use (Conroy & Arnedt, 2014) and could be driving the relationship. It is also possible that difficulties in emotion regulation could be part of this relationship either independently (Kelly & Bardo, 2016; Perlick et al., 2017) or in conjunction with sleep disturbances (Fairholme et al., 2013). This study used 14 days of experience sampling data collected from 59 veterans about PTSD symptoms, alcohol use, sleep disturbance, and emotion regulation. Participants answered several questions throughout the day using an application on their phone. They received an actigraph to approximate their sleep parameters including sleep efficiency and total sleep time. Multi-level modeling was used to explore the temporal relationships at the between- and within-subjects level of PTSD symptoms, alcohol use and problems, sleep disturbance and emotion regulation. Multimethod data collection using self-report, objective approximation of sleep measures (actigraphy), and experience sampling in the same study is innovative. Results of the study suggested that sleep disturbances did not have significant associations with PTSD symptoms, emotion regulation, or alcohol consumption in multilevel models, there were some significant correlations. Exploratory analyses using other objective sleep approximations and a subjective sleep variable mimicked these results. Future studies would benefit from a more diverse sample and a variety of assessment methods for subjective and objective experiences of sleep

Modelling the influence of personality and culture on affect and enjoyment in multimedia

Affect is evoked through an intricate relationship between the characteristics of stimuli, individuals, and systems of perception. While affect is widely researched, few studies consider the combination of multimedia system characteristics and human factors together. As such, this paper explores the influence of personality (Five-Factor Model) and cultural traits (Hofstede Model) on the intensity of multimedia-evoked positive and negative affects (emotions). A set of 144 video sequences (from 12 short movie clips) were evaluated by 114 participants from a cross-cultural population, producing 1232 ratings. On this data, three multilevel regression models are compared: a baseline model that only considers system factors; an extended model that includes personality and culture; and an optimistic model in which each participant is modelled. An analysis shows that personal and cultural traits represent 5.6% of the variance in positive affect and 13.6% of the variance in negative affect. In addition, the affect-enjoyment correlation varied across the clips. This suggests that personality and culture play a key role in predicting the intensity of negative affect and whether or not it is enjoyed, but a more sophisticated set of predictors is needed to model positive affect with the same efficacy