Multi-core architectures with coarse-grained dynamically reconfigurable processors for broadband wireless access technologies

Broadband Wireless Access technologies have significant market potential, especially the WiMAX protocol which can deliver data rates of tens of Mbps. Strong demand for high performance WiMAX solutions is forcing designers to seek help from multi-core processors that offer competitive advantages in terms of all performance metrics, such as speed, power and area. Through the provision of a degree of flexibility similar to that of a DSP and performance and power consumption advantages approaching that of an ASIC, coarse-grained dynamically reconfigurable processors are proving to be strong candidates for processing cores used in future high performance multi-core processor systems. This thesis investigates multi-core architectures with a newly emerging dynamically reconfigurable processor – RICA, targeting WiMAX physical layer applications. A novel master-slave multi-core architecture is proposed, using RICA processing cores. A SystemC based simulator, called MRPSIM, is devised to model this multi-core architecture. This simulator provides fast simulation speed and timing accuracy, offers flexible architectural options to configure the multi-core architecture, and enables the analysis and investigation of multi-core architectures. Meanwhile a profiling-driven mapping methodology is developed to partition the WiMAX application into multiple tasks as well as schedule and map these tasks onto the multi-core architecture, aiming to reduce the overall system execution time. Both the MRPSIM simulator and the mapping methodology are seamlessly integrated with the existing RICA tool flow. Based on the proposed master-slave multi-core architecture, a series of diverse homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-core solutions are designed for different fixed WiMAX physical layer profiles. Implemented in ANSI C and executed on the MRPSIM simulator, these multi-core solutions contain different numbers of cores, combine various memory architectures and task partitioning schemes, and deliver high throughputs at relatively low area costs. Meanwhile a design space exploration methodology is developed to search the design space for multi-core systems to find suitable solutions under certain system constraints. Finally, laying a foundation for future multithreading exploration on the proposed multi-core architecture, this thesis investigates the porting of a real-time operating system – Micro C/OS-II to a single RICA processor. A multitasking version of WiMAX is implemented on a single RICA processor with the operating system support

Embedded electronic systems driven by run-time reconfigurable hardware

Abstract This doctoral thesis addresses the design of embedded electronic systems based on run-time reconfigurable hardware technology –available through SRAM-based FPGA/SoC devices– aimed at contributing to enhance the life quality of the human beings. This work does research on the conception of the system architecture and the reconfiguration engine that provides to the FPGA the capability of dynamic partial reconfiguration in order to synthesize, by means of hardware/software co-design, a given application partitioned in processing tasks which are multiplexed in time and space, optimizing thus its physical implementation –silicon area, processing time, complexity, flexibility, functional density, cost and power consumption– in comparison with other alternatives based on static hardware (MCU, DSP, GPU, ASSP, ASIC, etc.). The design flow of such technology is evaluated through the prototyping of several engineering applications (control systems, mathematical coprocessors, complex image processors, etc.), showing a high enough level of maturity for its exploitation in the industry.Resumen Esta tesis doctoral abarca el diseño de sistemas electrónicos embebidos basados en tecnología hardware dinámicamente reconfigurable –disponible a través de dispositivos lógicos programables SRAM FPGA/SoC– que contribuyan a la mejora de la calidad de vida de la sociedad. Se investiga la arquitectura del sistema y del motor de reconfiguración que proporcione a la FPGA la capacidad de reconfiguración dinámica parcial de sus recursos programables, con objeto de sintetizar, mediante codiseño hardware/software, una determinada aplicación particionada en tareas multiplexadas en tiempo y en espacio, optimizando así su implementación física –área de silicio, tiempo de procesado, complejidad, flexibilidad, densidad funcional, coste y potencia disipada– comparada con otras alternativas basadas en hardware estático (MCU, DSP, GPU, ASSP, ASIC, etc.). Se evalúa el flujo de diseño de dicha tecnología a través del prototipado de varias aplicaciones de ingeniería (sistemas de control, coprocesadores aritméticos, procesadores de imagen, etc.), evidenciando un nivel de madurez viable ya para su explotación en la industria.Resum Aquesta tesi doctoral està orientada al disseny de sistemes electrònics empotrats basats en tecnologia hardware dinàmicament reconfigurable –disponible mitjançant dispositius lògics programables SRAM FPGA/SoC– que contribueixin a la millora de la qualitat de vida de la societat. S’investiga l’arquitectura del sistema i del motor de reconfiguració que proporcioni a la FPGA la capacitat de reconfiguració dinàmica parcial dels seus recursos programables, amb l’objectiu de sintetitzar, mitjançant codisseny hardware/software, una determinada aplicació particionada en tasques multiplexades en temps i en espai, optimizant així la seva implementació física –àrea de silici, temps de processat, complexitat, flexibilitat, densitat funcional, cost i potència dissipada– comparada amb altres alternatives basades en hardware estàtic (MCU, DSP, GPU, ASSP, ASIC, etc.). S’evalúa el fluxe de disseny d’aquesta tecnologia a través del prototipat de varies aplicacions d’enginyeria (sistemes de control, coprocessadors aritmètics, processadors d’imatge, etc.), demostrant un nivell de maduresa viable ja per a la seva explotació a la indústria

Analysis, design and management of multimedia multi- processor systems

Ph.DNUS-TU/E JOINT PH.D. PROGRAMM

Biometrics

Biometrics-Unique and Diverse Applications in Nature, Science, and Technology provides a unique sampling of the diverse ways in which biometrics is integrated into our lives and our technology. From time immemorial, we as humans have been intrigued by, perplexed by, and entertained by observing and analyzing ourselves and the natural world around us. Science and technology have evolved to a point where we can empirically record a measure of a biological or behavioral feature and use it for recognizing patterns, trends, and or discrete phenomena, such as individuals' and this is what biometrics is all about. Understanding some of the ways in which we use biometrics and for what specific purposes is what this book is all about

Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Reconfigurable Communication-centric Systems on Chip 2010 - ReCoSoC\u2710 - May 17-19, 2010 Karlsruhe, Germany. (KIT Scientific Reports ; 7551)

ReCoSoC is intended to be a periodic annual meeting to expose and discuss gathered expertise as well as state of the art research around SoC related topics through plenary invited papers and posters. The workshop aims to provide a prospective view of tomorrow\u27s challenges in the multibillion transistor era, taking into account the emerging techniques and architectures exploring the synergy between flexible on-chip communication and system reconfigurability

Profilage, caractérisation et partitionnement fonctionnel dans une plate-forme de conception de systèmes embarqués

RÉSUMÉ La complexité architecturale des systèmes embarqués augmente constamment et ceux-ci comprennent maintenant plusieurs processeurs, bus, périphériques et accélérateurs matériels. Les méthodologies présentement utilisées par l'industrie pour la conception des systèmes embarqués n'arrivent pas à suivre cette évolution. Des méthodologies de niveau système ont été proposées pour hausser le niveau d'abstraction de la conception des systèmes embarqués. Une telle méthodologie comporte une plate-forme virtuelle qui permet d'allouer des composants, d'y assigner la fonctionnalité de l'application et de simuler l'architecture résultante à un niveau transactionnel. Une méthodologie de niveau système peut accélérer la conception des systèmes embarqués en partant d'une spécification exécutable, en explorant automatiquement l'espace de conception et en synthétisant une architecture optimisée pour l'application. Cependant, les méthodologies de niveau système existantes ont plusieurs lacunes. Elles supposent typiquement que l'application est modélisée avec un modèle de calcul restrictif et n'automatisent pas la synthèse des modules de l'application vers des blocs matériels. Elles n'intègrent pas un profilage non-intrusif de l'application ou d'une architecture qui l'implémente. Leurs méthodes d'estimation n'automatisent pas la caractérisation de l'application ou de la plate-forme. Ces méthodologies considèrent séparément les problèmes de l'allocation des processeurs, de l'assignation des tâches aux processeurs et du choix d'une topologie de communication. Nous présentons une méthodologie de niveau système pour la conception, l'exploration architecturale et la synthèse des systèmes embarqués basée sur la technologie Space Code- sign� et sa plate-forme virtuelle SPACE. Cette méthodologie répond aux problématiques soulevées car elle combine un modèle de calcul plus expressif, une méthode de synthèse matérielle automatisée des modules d'une spécification SystemC, un profilage non-intrusif au niveau système, une méthode de caractérisation automatisée de l'application et du système d'exploitation temps-réel (RTOS), ainsi que des heuristiques pour une formulation unifiée du problème d'exploration architecturale. Ainsi, nous avons défini pour notre méthodologie un nouveau modèle de calcul, les réseaux de processus temps-réel (RTPN) qui sont une extension des réseaux de processus Kahn. Cette extension permet de modéliser des aspects importants du traitement temps-réel tels que la scrutation, les senseurs échantillonnés, les périphériques d'entrée/sortie et les contraintes temps-réel. La sémantique dénotationnelle des RTPN est définie afin de vérifier si le raffinement d'une spécification exécutable SystemC vers une implémentation concrète est fonctionnellement correct. Notre méthodologie inclut une méthode automatisée de raffinement des communications transactionnelles vers des protocoles précis au cycle et à la broche près ainsi que la génération automatique de blocs matériels pour les modules de l'application. Cette méthode permet, conjointement avec une méthode de génération de code embarqué incluant un RTOS, de générer une implémentation de l'application qui peut être simulée avec la plate-forme virtuelle ou synthétisée et exécutée sur la cible finale. Une nouvelle méthode de profilage au niveau système est appliquée à une telle simulation, ce qui permet d'extraire non-intrusivement des données sur la performance des modules, des processeurs, du RTOS, des bus et des mémoires. Une nouvelle méthode automatisée permet de caractériser, par des simulations profilées, à la fois la fonctionnalité de l'application et les implémentations logicielles et matérielles de ses modules. Les périphériques et les bus de la plate-forme virtuelle ont également été caractérisées et une nouvelle méthode automatise la caractérisation du RTOS. Ces caractérisations configurent un simulateur de performance à haut niveau qui estime précisément et très rapidement la performance d'un ensemble d'architectures pour l'application en tenant compte de la contention sur les bus et de l'ordonnancement des tâches sur les processeurs. Cette caractérisation mène également à une estimation précise et rapide des besoins en ressources matérielles. Nous présentons une formulation du problème d'exploration architecturale qui combine le partitionnement logiciel/matériel, l'allocation des processeurs, l'assignation des tâches aux processeurs et le choix d'une topologie de communication. L'exploration architecturale évalue les architectures selon des critères de performance et de coût matériel à l'aide de notre méthode d'estimation. Nous présentons pour la première fois une analyse combinatoire de ce problème et sa formulation comme un problème de recherche locale, pour la résolution duquel nous définissons des heuristiques basées sur un recuit simulé adaptatif et sur une recherche tabou réactive. L'architecture retenue par l'exploration architecturale peut ensuite être synthétisée vers une implémentation finale dans un flot de conception RTL bien établi. La méthodologie dans son ensemble est appliquée à trois études de cas : un système de guidage d'un astromobile, un décodeur JPEG avec détection de peau et un encodeur/décodeur WiMAX. ----------ABSTRACT Embedded systems have increasingly complex architectures and are now composed of several processors, buses, peripherals and hardware accelerators. Embedded system design methodologies currently used in industry are not keeping up with this evolution. System-level methodologies have been proposed in order to raise the level of abstraction of embedded system design. Such a methodology includes a virtual platform in which components can be allocated while application tasks can be bound to allocated components for a transaction-level simulation of the resulting architecture. A system-level methodology can accelerate embedded system design by using an executable specification, automating design space exploration and synthesizing an optimized architecture for the application. However, current system-level methodologies have several shortcomings. They typically assume that the application is modeled with a restrictive model of computation and do not automate the synthesis of hardware blocks from application modules. They do not support a non-intrusive profiling of the application or of an architecture implementing the application. Their estimation methods do not automate the characterization of the application or of the platform. These methodologies consider processor allocation, task binding to processors and the choice of a communication topology to be separate problems instead of being different aspects of a single problem. We present a system-level methodology for the design, architectural exploration and synthesis of embedded systems based on the Space Codesign� technology and its SPACE virtual platform. This methodology tackles these problems by combining a more expressive model of computation, a method for the automated synthesis of hardware blocks from a SystemC specification's modules, a non-intrusive system-level profiling, a method for the automated characterization of the application and of the real-time operating system (RTOS), as well as heuristics for a unified formulation of the architectural exploration problem. We have thus defined for our methodology a novel model of computation, called real-time process networks (RTPN), which is an extension of Kahn process networks. This extension enables the modeling of important aspects of real-time processing, such as polling, sensor sampling, input/output peripherals and real-time constraints. We define the denotational semantics of RTPNs, which is used to verify the functional correctness of a refinement from a SystemC executable specification to a concrete implementation. Our methodology includes an automated refinement from transaction-level communications to cycle- and pin-accurate protocols as well as an automated generation of hardware blocks from application modules. This method enables, when combined with an embedded software generation method which includes a RTOS, the generation of an implementation of the application, which can be simulated with the virtual platform or synthesized and executed on the final target. A novel profiling method is applied to such simulations in order to non-intrusively extract data on the performance of modules, processors, RTOS, buses and memories. A novel automated method characterizes, through profiled simulations, both the application functionality and the software and hardware implementations of its modules. The devices and buses of the virtual platform have also been characterized and a novel method automates the characterization of the RTOS. These characterizations configure a high-level performance simulator for an accurate and very fast estimation of the performance of several candidate architectures for the application, taking into account bus contention and task scheduling on processors. This characterization also powers a fast and accurate estimation of required hardware resources. A formulation of the architectural exploration problem is given such that it combines hardware/software partitioning, processor allocation, task binding on processors and the selection of a communication topology. This architectural exploration evaluates architectures for criteria of performance and hardware cost with our estimation method. We present for the first time a combinatorial analysis of this problem and its formulation as a local search problem, for which heuristics based on adaptative simulated annealing and reactive tabu search are defined. The architecture selected by the architectural exploration can then be synthesized towards a final implementation in a well-established RTL design flow. The methodology as a whole has been applied to three case studies: a rover guiding system, a JPEG decoder with skin detection and a WiMAX encoder/decoder

Integration of Reciprocal Teaching-ICT Model To Improve Students’Mathematics Critical Thinking Ability

This research examines the effectiveness on how mathematics teachers have begun to integrate information and communication technology (ICT) with reciprocal teaching model to improve students’ mathematics critical thinking ability into seventh junior high school classroom practice. This study was experimental research with a quasi-experimental design. The samples of the study are 36 students for classroom experiments and 36 students for classroom control. The instruments employed in this study were pre-test and post-test. All the instruments are made in essays forms. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Based on the research findings, it was gotten that (1) the development of teaching instructional multimedia of the seven grade students of junior high school; (2) the improvement of students’ mathematics critical thinking ability in experimental class; (3) the aspect of attractiveness shows that the developed instructional multimedia was very interesting; and (4) reciprocal learning has good impact on students’ mathematics critical thinking ability

A complex systems approach to education in Switzerland

The insights gained from the study of complex systems in biological, social, and engineered systems enables us not only to observe and understand, but also to actively design systems which will be capable of successfully coping with complex and dynamically changing situations. The methods and mindset required for this approach have been applied to educational systems with their diverse levels of scale and complexity. Based on the general case made by Yaneer Bar-Yam, this paper applies the complex systems approach to the educational system in Switzerland. It confirms that the complex systems approach is valid. Indeed, many recommendations made for the general case have already been implemented in the Swiss education system. To address existing problems and difficulties, further steps are recommended. This paper contributes to the further establishment complex systems approach by shedding light on an area which concerns us all, which is a frequent topic of discussion and dispute among politicians and the public, where billions of dollars have been spent without achieving the desired results, and where it is difficult to directly derive consequences from actions taken. The analysis of the education system's different levels, their complexity and scale will clarify how such a dynamic system should be approached, and how it can be guided towards the desired performance

XIII Jornadas de ingeniería telemática (JITEL 2017)

Las Jornadas de Ingeniería Telemática (JITEL), organizadas por la Asociación de Telemática (ATEL), constituyen un foro propicio de reunión, debate y divulgación para los grupos que imparten docencia e investigan en temas relacionados con las redes y los servicios telemáticos. Con la organización de este evento se pretende fomentar, por un lado el intercambio de experiencias y resultados, además de la comunicación y cooperación entre los grupos de investigación que trabajan en temas relacionados con la telemática. En paralelo a las tradicionales sesiones que caracterizan los congresos científicos, se desea potenciar actividades más abiertas, que estimulen el intercambio de ideas entre los investigadores experimentados y los noveles, así como la creación de vínculos y puntos de encuentro entre los diferentes grupos o equipos de investigación. Para ello, además de invitar a personas relevantes en los campos correspondientes, se van a incluir sesiones de presentación y debate de las líneas y proyectos activos de los mencionados equiposLloret Mauri, J.; Casares Giner, V. (2018). XIII Jornadas de ingeniería telemática (JITEL 2017). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/97612EDITORIA