PCSI

"CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention's (NCHHSTP) program collaboration and service integration (PCSI) strategic priority is working to strengthen collaborative work across disease areas and integrate services that are provided by related programs, especially prevention activities related to HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis (TB) at the client level. PCSI is a mechanism for organizing and blending interrelated health issues, activities, and prevention strategies to facilitate a comprehensive delivery of services. There are five principles that form the decision making framework for PCSI: appropriateness, effectiveness, flexibility, accountability, and acceptability. By following these five principles for PCSI, programs can deliver more comprehensive integrated services to identify and treat disease more effectively to improve the health outcomes of the persons they serve. PCSI combines two approaches for improving public health outcomes: program collaboration and service integration. Program Collaboration involves a mutually beneficial and well-defined relationship between two or more programs, organizations, or organizational units to achieve common goals. It involves many aspects of comprehensive program management at state and local levels; the 10 essential public health functions, developed by the Core Public Health Functions Steering Committee in 1994, provide a useful framework for categorizing collaboration strategies among programs. Service Integration provides persons with seamless comprehensive services from multiple programs without repeated registration procedures, waiting periods, or other administrative barriers. NCHHSTP describes three levels of service integration at the client-provider interface: nonintegrated services, core integrated services, and expanded integrated services. "Core" integrated services are combinations of services for which CDC has published guidance or recommendations, and "expanded" integrated services are best and promising evidence-based practice for which CDC has not yet published specific guidance. NCHHSTP is committed to supporting PCSI efforts initiated by staff, grantees, and partners. The use of PCSI as a structural intervention by CDC's national, state and local partners will help achieve multiple related health goals to appropriate populations whenever they interact with the health system." -- p. 1Executive summary -- Introduction -- Program collaboration and service integration -- Program collaboration -- Service integration -- Public health and related prevention services -- Monitoring and evaluation -- Toward implementation -- Conclusions -- References. -- Appendix 1: Key Findings from the 2007 CDC PCSI Consultation Meeting -- Appendix 2: Framework for Integrated Diagnostics -- Appendix 3: PCSI Logic Model -- Appendix 4: Key Recommendations for PCSI ResearchMode of access: World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (1.09 MB, 50 p.)Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Program Collaboration and Service Integration: Enhancing the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis in the United States. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009

Community-Based Measures for Mitigating the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic in China

Since the emergence of influenza A/H1N1 pandemic virus in March–April 2009, very stringent interventions including Fengxiao were implemented to prevent importation of infected cases and decelerate the disease spread in mainland China. The extent to which these measures have been effective remains elusive. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of Fengxiao that may inform policy decisions on improving community-based interventions for management of on-going outbreaks in China, in particular during the Spring Festival in mid-February 2010 when nationwide traveling will be substantially increased. We obtained data on initial laboratory-confirmed cases of H1N1 in the province of Shaanxi and used Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulations to estimate the reproduction number. Given the estimates for the exposed and infectious periods of the novel H1N1 virus, we estimated a mean reproduction number of 1.68 (95% CI 1.45–1.92) and other A/H1N1 epidemiological parameters. Our results based on a spatially stratified population dynamical model show that the early implementation of Fengxiao can delay the epidemic peak significantly and prevent the disease spread to the general population but may also, if not implemented appropriately, cause more severe outbreak within universities/colleges, while late implementation of Fengxiao can achieve nothing more than no implementation. Strengthening local control strategies (quarantine and hygiene precaution) is much more effective in mitigating outbreaks and inhibiting the successive waves than implementing Fengxiao. Either strong mobility or high transport-related transmission rate during the Spring Festival holiday will not reverse the ongoing outbreak, but both will result in a large new wave. The findings suggest that Fengxiao and travel precautions should not be relaxed unless strict measures of quarantine, isolation, and hygiene precaution practices are put in place. Integration and prompt implementation of these interventions can significantly reduce the overall attack rate of pandemic outbreaks

Behavioral Mechanisms in HIV Epidemiology and Prevention: Past, Present, and Future Roles

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72261/1/j.1728-4465.2009.00202.x.pd

Multinomial Logistic And Negative Binomial Regressions Of Campus Instructional Modes, Institutional Characteristics, And Covid-19 Case Counts In Fall 2020 In The Midwest

In spring of 2020, a global pandemic shifted American institutions of higher education into a crisis with unprecedented unknown information, guidelines that changed continuously, and impacted the personal and professional lives of students, faculty and staff. This study examined the relationships (1) between campus size, geographic setting, locus of control in Midwest and Mountain American higher educational institutions and their instructional mode in fall 2020, and (2) between those institutional characteristics and the number of reported campus COVID-19 cases in the fall of 2020. Using a multinomial logistic regression and a negative binomial regression with an estimated parameter dispersion, the study suggested that campus control and campus setting did relate to the instructional mode response. Campus size, instructional mode, and campus setting related to the number of COVID-19 cases in fall 2020. One major implication of the findings would be to include an evaluation of instructional mode and a consideration of a campus’ size and location to impact a campus crisis response, specifically for COVID-19. Additionally, providing faculty support to overcome barriers found during COVID-19 is essential to the future planning for similar crises