203 research outputs found
Quickest Paths in Simulations of Pedestrians
This contribution proposes a method to make agents in a microscopic
simulation of pedestrian traffic walk approximately along a path of estimated
minimal remaining travel time to their destination. Usually models of
pedestrian dynamics are (implicitly) built on the assumption that pedestrians
walk along the shortest path. Model elements formulated to make pedestrians
locally avoid collisions and intrusion into personal space do not produce
motion on quickest paths. Therefore a special model element is needed, if one
wants to model and simulate pedestrians for whom travel time matters most (e.g.
travelers in a station hall who are late for a train). Here such a model
element is proposed, discussed and used within the Social Force Model.Comment: revised version submitte
Calibrating Dynamic Pedestrian Route Choice with an Extended Range Telepresence System
In this contribution we present the results of a pilot study in which an Extended Range Telepresence System is used to calibrate parameters of a pedestrian model for simulation. The parameters control a model element that is intended to make simulated agents walk in the direction of the esti- mated smallest remaining travel time. We use this to, first, show that that an Extended Range Telepresence System can serve for such a task in general and second to actually find simulation parameters that yield realistic results
Information use by humans during dynamic route choice in virtual crowd evacuations
We conducted a computer-based experiment with over 450 human participants and used a Bayesian model selection approach to explore dynamic exit route choice mechanisms of individuals in simulated crowd evacuations. In contrast to previous work, we explicitly explore the use of time-dependent and time-independent information in decision-making. Our findings suggest that participants tended to base their exit choices on time-dependent information, such as differences in queue lengths and queue speeds at exits rather than on time-independent information, such as differences in exit widths or exit route length. We found weak support for similar decision-making mechanisms under a stress-inducing experimental treatment. However, under this treatment participants were less able or willing to adjust their original exit choice in the course of the evacuation. Our experiment is not a direct test of behaviour in real evacuations, but it does highlight the role different types of information and stress play in real human decision-making in a virtual environment. Our findings may be useful in identifying topics for future study on real human crowd movements or for developing more realistic agent-based simulations
Parameter Estimation of Social Forces in Crowd Dynamics Models via a Probabilistic Method
Focusing on a specific crowd dynamics situation, including real life
experiments and measurements, our paper targets a twofold aim: (1) we present a
Bayesian probabilistic method to estimate the value and the uncertainty (in the
form of a probability density function) of parameters in crowd dynamic models
from the experimental data; and (2) we introduce a fitness measure for the
models to classify a couple of model structures (forces) according to their
fitness to the experimental data, preparing the stage for a more general
model-selection and validation strategy inspired by probabilistic data
analysis. Finally, we review the essential aspects of our experimental setup
and measurement technique.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure
Network Simulation for Pedestrian Flows with HyDEFS
The reliable simulation of pedestrian movement is an essential tool for the security aware design and analysis of buildings and infrastructure. We developed HyDEFS, an event-driven dynamic flow simulation software which is designed to simulate pedestrian movement depending on varying routing decisions of the individual users and varying constraints. HyDEFS uses given density depending velocities to model congestions and evaluates flow distributions with respect to average and maximum travel time. This is of particular importance when considering evacuation scenarios. We apply HyDEFS on two small networks and cross validate its results by time-discrete and time-continuous calculations
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