Experimental and numerical investigation of biomass mechanical pre-processing

"July 2014."Dissertation supervisor/advisor: Dr. Ali Bulent Koc.Includes vita.In this study, mechanical properties of switchgrass and miscanthus were determined by tensile, compressive and shear tests in longitudinal (along the fiber) and transversal (cross the fiber) directions with special designed tools. A linear cutting platform and a data acquisition system were developed to investigate the biomass cutting performances using conventional cutting and ultrasonic-assisted cutting. Three different blades with 20 kHz vibration frequency were designed by using finite element analysis and verified by experimental modal analysis. Finite element analysis models of biomass cutting were developed to simulate the biomass cutting process. The simulation results showed that finite element analysis method could be used to design the ultrasonic blade and simulate the biomass cutting process. Biomass cutting experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of cutting speed, shear angle, blade profile and ultrasonication on the cutting force and energy consumption of switchgrass and miscanthus cutting. Experimental results showed that ultrasonic cutting could reduce the cutting force and the entire cutting energy consumption. The optimized energy consumption could be achieved when the cutting speed was about 1/3 of the ultrasonic blade vibration speed. For the biomass conventional cutting, the tested cutting speeds did not show obvious effects on cutting performances.Includes bibliographical references (pages 144-150)

Tribological interactions of the finger pad and tactile displays

This thesis summarise the results of an investigation of the tribological interactions of the human finger pad with different surfaces and tactile displays. In the wide range of analyses of the mechanical properties of the finger pad, an attempt has been made to explain the nature of the interactions based on critical material parameters and experimental data. The experimental data are presented together with detailed modelling of the contact mechanics of the finger pad compressed against a smooth flat surface. Based on the model and the experimental data, it was possible to account of the loading behaviour of a finger pad and derive the Young’s modulus of the fingerprint ridges. The frictional measurements of a finger pad against smooth flat surfaces are consistent with an occlusion mechanism that is governed by first order kinetics. In contrast, measurements against a rough surface demonstrated that the friction is unaffected by occlusion since Coulombic slip was exhibited. The thesis includes an investigation of critical parameters such as the contact area. It has been shown that four characteristic length scales, rather than just two as previously assumed, are required to describe the contact mechanics of the finger pad. In addition, there are two characteristic times respectively associated with the growth rates of junctions formed by the finger pad ridges and of the real area of contact. These length and time scales are important in understanding how the Archardian-Hertzian transition drives both the large increase of friction and the reduction of the areal load index during persisting finger contacts with impermeable surfaces. Established and novel models were evaluated with statistically meaningful experiments for phenomena such as lateral displacement, electrostatic forces and squeeze-film that have advanced applications

Study of the Velocity and Direction of Piezoelectric Robot Driven by Traveling Waves

Self-running piezoelectric robots have the advantages of being low cost, high load ratio and fast speed of operation, as well as showing few limitations in confined spaces or for underwater applications. Controlling the speed of motion of such robots by adjusting the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) along the vibration plate of the robot is important. Compared to the conventional dual-mode excitation method which is based on the adjustment of the excitation frequency, f, a novel SWR-based control method, using the adjustment of the temporal phase shift, θ, has been first derived by the authors. It has been found that the travelling wave component could be maximised using both methods, either by setting the value of f to the root mean square of the two adjacent modal frequencies, or by programming θ to have a sum of π when added to the spatial phase difference. It can be seen that using the ‘θ-based’ traveling wave control method, smoother motion and higher resolution of the motion speed is achieved. In this research, by using the novel θ-based method to drive the robot, its motion characteristics, such as voltage-speed, load capacity and ability to move on different surface materials, have been tested through a series of experiments carried out and reported

Advanced Knowledge Application in Practice

The integration and interdependency of the world economy leads towards the creation of a global market that offers more opportunities, but is also more complex and competitive than ever before. Therefore widespread research activity is necessary if one is to remain successful on the market. This book is the result of research and development activities from a number of researchers worldwide, covering concrete fields of research

Nondestructive testing of metals and composite materials using ultrasound thermography : comparison with pulse-echo ultrasonics

La thermographie stimulée par ultrasons (TU) est une méthode de contrôle non destructif qui a été inventée en 1979 mais qui a s'est répandue à la fin des années 90. L'idée de cette méthode est d'exciter le matériau à inspecter avec des ondes mécaniques à des fréquences allant de 20kHz à 40kHz et d'observer ensuite leur température de surface avec une caméra infrarouge. TU est une méthode de thermographie active; les autres méthodes les plus connues sont la thermographie optique et celle stimulée par courants de Foucault. Son habilité à révéler des défauts dans des cas où les autres techniques échouent, fait d'elle une méthode pertinente ou complémentaire. L'inconvénient de la TU est que beaucoup de conditions expérimentales doivent être respectées pour obtenir des résultats adéquats incluant quelques paramètres qui doivent être bien choisis. Le but de ce projet est d'explorer les capacités, les avantages et les limites de la TU. Pour comparer la performance de la TU à celle des ultrasons conventionnels, des tests ultrasons de type C-Scan ont été réalisés pour quelques échantillons. Quatre matériaux différents avec quatre types de défauts ont été investigués afin de mieux définir les conditions optimales pour améliorer la détection des défauts. Les résultats bruts obtenus étaient traités dans chaque cas afin de mieux visualiser les contrastes thermiques causés par les discontinuités cachées

Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1988

This bibliography contains abstracts of the technical reports that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1988. Subject, author, and corporate source indexes are also included. All the publications were announced in the 1988 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses

Proceeding Of Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2016 (MERD’16)

This Open Access e-Proceeding contains a compilation of 105 selected papers from the Mechanical Engineering Research Day 2016 (MERD’16) event, which is held in Kampus Teknologi, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) - Melaka, Malaysia, on 31 March 2016. The theme chosen for this event is ‘IDEA. INSPIRE. INNOVATE’. It was gratifying to all of us when the response for MERD’16 is overwhelming as the technical committees received more than 200 submissions from various areas of mechanical engineering. After a peer-review process, the editors have accepted 105 papers for the e-proceeding that cover 7 main themes. This open access e-Proceeding can be viewed or downloaded at www3.utem.edu.my/care/proceedings. We hope that these proceeding will serve as a valuable reference for researchers. With the large number of submissions from the researchers in other faculties, the event has achieved its main objective which is to bring together educators, researchers and practitioners to share their findings and perhaps sustaining the research culture in the university. The topics of MERD’16 are based on a combination of fundamental researches, advanced research methodologies and application technologies. As the editor-in-chief, we would like to express our gratitude to the editorial board and fellow review members for their tireless effort in compiling and reviewing the selected papers for this proceeding. We would also like to extend our great appreciation to the members of the Publication Committee and Secretariat for their excellent cooperation in preparing the proceeding of MERD’16

Vibration, Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems

From Preface: This is the fourteenth time when the conference “Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications” gathers a numerous group of outstanding scientists and engineers, who deal with widely understood problems of theoretical and applied dynamics. Organization of the conference would not have been possible without a great effort of the staff of the Department of Automation, Biomechanics and Mechatronics. The patronage over the conference has been taken by the Committee of Mechanics of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland. It is a great pleasure that our invitation has been accepted by recording in the history of our conference number of people, including good colleagues and friends as well as a large group of researchers and scientists, who decided to participate in the conference for the first time. With proud and satisfaction we welcomed over 180 persons from 31 countries all over the world. They decided to share the results of their research and many years experiences in a discipline of dynamical systems by submitting many very interesting papers. This year, the DSTA Conference Proceedings were split into three volumes entitled “Dynamical Systems” with respective subtitles: Vibration, Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems; Mathematical and Numerical Aspects of Dynamical System Analysis and Engineering Dynamics and Life Sciences. Additionally, there will be also published two volumes of Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics entitled “Dynamical Systems in Theoretical Perspective” and “Dynamical Systems in Applications”