A Smart Game for Data Transmission and Energy Consumption in the Internet of Things

The current trend in developing smart technology for the Internet of Things (IoT) has motivated a lot of research interest in optimizing data transmission or minimizing energy consumption, but with little evidence of proposals for achieving both objectives in a single model. Using the concept of game theory, we develop a new MAC protocol for IEEE 802.15.4 and IoT networks in which we formulate a novel expression for the players' utility function and establish a stable Nash equilibrium (NE) for the game. The proposed IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol is modeled as a smart game in which analytical expressions are derived for channel access probability, data transmission probability, and energy used. These analytical expressions are used in formulating an optimization problem (OP) that maximizes data transmission and minimizes energy consumption by nodes. The analysis and simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme is scalable and achieves better performance in terms of data transmission, energy-efficiency, and longevity, when compared with the default IEEE 802.15.4 access mechanism.Peer reviewe

A new WPAN Model for NS-3 simulator

International audienceWireless sensor networks are one of the most challenging topics in research world due to the nature of the wireless communication and the constraints related to the sensor’s components. However, this field knows a very fast progress and new technologies are involved. One of the hottest trends of the future WSN is the I/WoT ‘Internet/Web of Things’. For the wireless medium access and radio transmission (MAC and PHY), I/WoT has chosen the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Some researchers have proposed simulation models to analyze this standard in different simulation environment. In this paper we propose a new WPAN model for the NS-3 simulator. This model implements most of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard feature and modes of operations. Furthermore, a 6LoWPAN Model is used to incorporate the IEEE 802.15.4 into the IPv6 architecture by interfacing the IPv6 model of NS-3 with our new IEEE 802.15.4 standard model. Thus, we believe that this WPAN work can be seen as a foundation for future I/WoT simulation on NS-3

Efficient GTS Allocation Schemes for IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard defined for wireless sensor network applications with limited power and relaxed throughput needs. The devices transmit data during two periods: Contention Access Period (CAP) by accessing the channel using CSMA/CA and Contention Free Period (CFP), which consists of Guaranteed Time Slots (GTS) allocated to individual devices by the network coordinator. The GTS is used by devices for cyclic data transmission and the coordinator can allocate GTS to a maximum of only seven devices. In this work, we have proposed two algorithms for an efficient GTS allocation. The first algorithm is focused on improving the bandwidth utilization of devices, while the second algorithm uses traffic arrival information of devices to allow sharing of GTS slots between more than seven devices. The proposed schemes were tested through simulations and the results show that the new GTS allocation schemes perform better than the original IEEE 802.15.4 standard

Simulating Real-Time Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technology has been mainly used in the applications with low-frequency sampling and little computational complexity. Recently, new classes of WSN-based applications with different characteristics are being considered, including process control, industrial automation and visual surveillance. Such new applications usually involve relatively heavy computations and also present real-time requirements as bounded end-to- end delay and guaranteed Quality of Service. It becomes then necessary to employ proper resource management policies, not only for communication resources but also jointly for computing resources, in the design and development of such WSN-based applications. In this context, simulation can play a critical role, together with analytical models, for validating a system design against the parameters of Quality of Service demanded for. In this paper, we present RTNS, a publicly available free simulation tool which includes Operating System aspects in wireless distributed applications. RTNS extends the well-known NS-2 simulator with models of the CPU, the Real-Time Operating System and the application tasks, to take into account delays due to the computation in addition to the communication. We demonstrate the benefits of RTNS by presenting our simulation study for a complex WSN-based multi-view vision system for real-time event detection

Study of RF Propagation Characteristics for Wireless Sensor Networks in Railroad Environments

The freight railroad industry in North America is exerting efforts to leverage Wireless Sensor Networks to monitor systems and components on railcars. This allows fault detection and accident prevention even while a train is moving. Railcars, constructed mostly of ferrous materials such as steel, are expected to severely impact signal propagation. To better understand this effect we first evaluated the signal characteristics when sensor nodes are placed in various locations around railcars. We used EM-Field modeling and evaluation techniques to obtain these results and found that node placement selection is critical for the node’s communication distance. As a second research area we therefore aimed at understanding the protocol requirements and limitations of current WSN technologies. Based on the results of our study we found ZigBee to be inadequate for freight WSNs and developed a solution that remedies the problems we observed. Our evaluation of this new multi-tier approach shows a significant performance and network lifetime gain, making freight train wireless sensor networks feasible

Application and Performance Analysis of DSDV Routing Protocol in ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Network with Help of NS2 Knowledge

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are characterized by multi-hop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and need for efficient routing protocols. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate performance of routing protocol DSDV in wireless sensor network (WSN) scales regarding the End-to-End delay and throughput PDR with mobility factor .Routing protocols are a critical aspect to performance in mobile wireless networks and play crucial role in determining network performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, end-to-end delay and packet loss. Destination-sequenced distance vector (DSDV) protocol is a proactive protocol depending on routing tables which are maintained at each node. The routing protocol should detect and maintain optimal route(s) between source and destination nodes. In this paper, we present application of DSDV in WSN as extend to our pervious study to the design and implementation the details of the DSDV routing protocol in MANET using the ns-2 network simulator. also, the performance of DSDV protocol in sensor network of randomly distributed mobile nodes with mobile source and sink nodes is investigated for MAC IEEE802.15.4 network by ns-2 simulator.

Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 Bootstrap Process

The IEEE 802.15.4 is a popular standard used in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In these networks, devices are organized into groups formally known as personal area networks (PAN) which require a bootstrap procedure to become operational. Bootstrap plays a key role in the initialization and maintenance of these networks. For this reason, this work presents our implementation and performance analysis for the ns-3 network simulator. Specifically, this bootstrap implementation includes the support of three types of scanning mechanisms (energy scan, passive scan, and active scan) and the complete classic association mechanism described by the standard. Both of these mechanisms can be used independently by higher layers protocols to support network initialization, network joining, and maintenance tasks. Performance evaluation is conducted in total network association time and packet overhead terms. Our source code is documented and publicly available in the latest ns-3 official release