Modelling and Simulation of a Two wheeled vehicle with suspensions by using Robotic Formalism

International audienceModels, simulators and control strategies are required tools for the conception of secure and comfortable vehicles. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient way to develop models for dynamic vehicle, focusing on a two wheeled vehicles whose body involves six degrees of freedom. The resulting model is sufficiently generic to perform simulation of realistic cornering and accelerating behavior in various situations. It may be used in the context of motorcycle modeling, but also in various situations (e.g. for control application) as simplified model for 3 or 4 wheeled (tilting) cars. The approach is based on considering the vehicle as a multi-body poly-articulated system and the modeling is carried out using the robotics formalism based on the modified Denavit-Hartenberg geometric description. In that way, the dynamic model is easy to implement and the system can be used for control applications

Modelling and Simulation of a Two wheeled vehicle with suspensions by using Robotic Formalism

International audienceModels, simulators and control strategies are required tools for the conception of secure and comfortable vehicles. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient way to develop models for dynamic vehicle, focusing on a two wheeled vehicles whose body involves six degrees of freedom. The resulting model is sufficiently generic to perform simulation of realistic cornering and accelerating behavior in various situations. It may be used in the context of motorcycle modeling, but also in various situations (e.g. for control application) as simplified model for 3 or 4 wheeled (tilting) cars. The approach is based on considering the vehicle as a multi-body poly-articulated system and the modeling is carried out using the robotics formalism based on the modified Denavit-Hartenberg geometric description. In that way, the dynamic model is easy to implement and the system can be used for control applications

Narrow Urban Vehicles with an Integrated Suspension Tilting System: Design, Modeling, and Control

Narrow urban vehicles are proposed to alleviate urban transportation challenges like congestion, parking, fuel consumption, and pollution. They are designed to seat one or two people in tandem, which saves space in road infrastructures as well as improves the fuel efficiency. However, to overcome the high rollover tendency which comes as a consequence of reduced track-width ratio, tilting systems for vehicle roll motion control are suggested. Existing tilting solutions, which mechanically connect the wheel modules on both sides for motion synchronization, are not space-friendly for the narrow vehicle footprint. The mechanical linkages also add extra weight to those urban vehicles initially designed to be light-weighted. A novel integrated suspension tilting system (ISTS) is proposed in this thesis, which replaces rigid mechanical linkages with flexible hydraulic pipes and cylinders. In addition, combining the suspension and tilting into an integrated system will result in even more compact, light-weighted, and spacious urban vehicles. The concept is examined, and the suspension mechanism for the tilting application is proposed after examining various mechanisms for their complexity and space requirements. Kinematic and dynamic properties of the tilting vehicle under large suspension strokes are analyzed to optimize the mechanism design. Control of the active tilting systems for vehicle roll stability improvement is then discussed. Rather than tilting the vehicle to entirely eliminate the lateral load transfer during cornering, an integrated envelope approach considering both lateral and roll motion is proposed to improve the energy efficiency while maintaining the vehicle stability. A re-configurable integrated control structure is also developed for various vehicle configurations as well as enhancing the system robustness against actuator failures. The model predictive control (MPC) scheme is adopted considering the non-minimum phase nature of active tilting systems. The predictive feature along with the proposed roll envelope formulation provides a framework to balance the transient and steady-state performances using the tilting actuators. The suggested controller is firstly demonstrated on a vehicle roll model, and then applied to high-fidelity full vehicle models in CarSim including a four-wheeled SUV as well as a three-wheeled narrow urban vehicle. The SUV simulation results indicate the potential of using the developed envelope controller on conventional vehicles with active suspensions, while the narrow urban vehicle simulations demonstrate the feasibility of using the suggested ISTS on narrow tilting vehicles. By adopting the integrated envelope control approach, actuation effort is reduced and the vehicle handling, along with the stability in both lateral and roll, can be further improved

Planification de trajectoire et contrôle d'un système collaboratif : Application à un drone trirotor

This thesis is dedicated to the creation of a complete framework, from high-level to low-level, of trajectory generation for a group of independent dynamical systems. This framework, based for the trajectory generation, on the resolution of Burgers equation, is applied to a novel model of trirotor UAV and uses the flatness of the two levels of dynamical systems.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the generation of trajectories. Formal solutions to the heat equation are created using the differential flatness of this equation. These solutions are transformed into solutions to Burgers' equation through Hopf-Cole transformation to match the desired formations. They are optimized to match specific requirements. Several examples of trajectories are given.The second part is dedicated to the autonomous trajectory tracking by a trirotor UAV. This UAV is totally actuated and a nonlinear closed-loop controller is suggested. This controller is tested on the ground and in flight by tracking, rolling or flying, a trajectory. A model is presented and a control approach is suggested to transport a pendulum load.L'objet de cette thèse est de proposer un cadre complet, du haut niveau au bas niveau, de génération de trajectoires pour un groupe de systèmes dynamiques indépendants. Ce cadre, basé sur la résolution de l'équation de Burgers pour la génération de trajectoires, est appliqué à un modèle original de drone trirotor et utilise la platitude des deux systèmes différentiels considérés. La première partie du manuscrit est consacrée à la génération de trajectoires. Celle-ci est effectuée en créant formellement, par le biais de la platitude du système considéré, des solutions à l'équation de la chaleur. Ces solutions sont transformées en solution de l'équation de Burgers par la transformation de Hopf-Cole pour correspondre aux formations voulues. Elles sont optimisées pour répondre à des contraintes spécifiques. Plusieurs exemples de trajectoires sont donnés.La deuxième partie est consacrée au suivi autonome de trajectoire par un drone trirotor. Ce drone est totalement actionné et un contrôleur en boucle fermée non-linéaire est proposé. Celui-ci est testé en suivant, en roulant, des trajectoires au sol et en vol. Un modèle est présenté et une démarche pour le contrôle est proposée pour transporter une charge pendulaire

Modélisation et simulation dynamique d'un véhicule urbain innovant en utilisant le formalisme de la robotique

Modeling and simulating are fundamental tools to develop new vehicles. The aim of this thesis is to model and simulate a urban narrow tilting car whose structure contains closed mechanical chains. Hence the goal is to build a physical model more precise and realistic than the bicycle model or quarter vehicle model used usually for some control purposes. The modeling approach is based on the modified Denavit&Hartenberg description, commonly used in robotics, by considering the vehicle as a multi-body poly-articulated system whose the terminal links are the wheels. This description allows calculating automatically the symbolic expression of the geometric, kinematic and dynamic models, by using robotics techniques and a symbolic software package named SYMORO+. The dynamic model is calculated recursively thanks to the Newton-Euler algorithm. Simulations of different dynamical model of vehicles have been performed, analyzed and compared. They validate in some sense the modeling methodology presented as an efficient way to get realistic model of non-standard vehicles.La modélisation et la simulation numérique sont des outils fondamentaux pour la conception et le développement de nouveaux véhicules. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la modélisation et la simulation d’un véhicule innovant, étroit et inclinable, en appliquant une description systématique et générique du véhicule considéré comme un robot dont la base est mobile et les roues sont les organes terminaux. Le système d’inclinaison motorisé entraîne une cinématique complexe et comporte des chaines fermées. Le but du travail est de construire un modèle physique précis, au contraire des modèles simplifiés de type bicyclette ou quart de véhicule utilisés habituellement pour l’étude de la commande des véhicules. L’approche procède à la description de l’architecture mécanique du véhicule, le considérant comme un système multi-corps poly-articulés, s’appuyant sur le formalisme de la robotique et précisément sur la représentation géométrique de Denavit-Hartenberg modifié. Cette approche permet de calculer automatiquement les expressions symboliques des modèles géométriques, cinématiques et dynamiques des structures simples et arborescentes. Les modèles qui en résultent comportent un nombre minimum d’opérations par la mise à profit du calcul symbolique itératif et des techniques de simplification de modèles propres à la robotique. Ces techniques sont implémentées dans le logiciel de calcul symbolique SYMORO+. Le modèle dynamique est calculé d’une manière récursive à l’aide de l’algorithme de Newton-Euler. La simulation dynamique utilise un simulateur édité sous Matlab/Simulink qui intègre le modèle dynamique direct calculé automatiquement à partir du modèle inverse. Des simulations réalisées sur des modèles de complexité croissante, pour des scénarios de freinage ou d’accélération, en ligne droite ou en virage, valident la méthodologie de modélisation mécanique proposée

Combining Sensors and Multibody Models for Applications in Vehicles, Machines, Robots and Humans

The combination of physical sensors and computational models to provide additional information about system states, inputs and/or parameters, in what is known as virtual sensing, is becoming increasingly popular in many sectors, such as the automotive, aeronautics, aerospatial, railway, machinery, robotics and human biomechanics sectors. While, in many cases, control-oriented models, which are generally simple, are the best choice, multibody models, which can be much more detailed, may be better suited to some applications, such as during the design stage of a new product