Texture analysis and Its applications in biomedical imaging: a survey

Texture analysis describes a variety of image analysis techniques that quantify the variation in intensity and pattern. This paper provides an overview of several texture analysis approaches addressing the rationale supporting them, their advantages, drawbacks, and applications. This survey’s emphasis is in collecting and categorising over five decades of active research on texture analysis.Brief descriptions of different approaches are presented along with application examples. From a broad range of texture analysis applications, this survey’s final focus is on biomedical image analysis. An up-to-date list of biological tissues and organs in which disorders produce texture changes that may be used to spot disease onset and progression is provided. Finally, the role of texture analysis methods as biomarkers of disease is summarised.Manuscript received February 3, 2021; revised June 23, 2021; accepted September 21, 2021. Date of publication September 27, 2021; date of current version January 24, 2022. This work was supported in part by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under Grants PTDC/EMD-EMD/28039/2017, UIDB/04950/2020, PestUID/NEU/04539/2019, and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000016 and by FEDER-COMPETE under Grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028039. (Corresponding author: Rui Bernardes.)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants

Bioremediation technologies for environments contaminated by organic and inorganic pollutants are a major focus of researchers and scientists worldwide. The chemical control of agricultural pests and advocacy for sustainable agriculture have led to the development of new paradigms in environmental remediation. This book covers recent advances in the bioremediation technology of organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment

Compiling and using input-output frameworks through collaborative virtual laboratories

Compiling, deploying and utilising large-scale databases that integrate environmental and economic data have traditionally been labour- and cost-intensive processes, hindered by the large amount of disparate and misaligned data that must be collected and harmonised. The Australian Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab) is a novel, collaborative approach to compiling large-scale environmentally extended multi-region input-output (MRIO) models.The utility of the IELab product is greatly enhanced by avoiding the need to lock in an MRIO structure at the time the MRIO system is developed. The IELab advances the idea of the "mother-daughter" construction principle, whereby a regionally and sectorally very detailed "mother" table is set up, from which "daughter" tables are derived to suit specific research questions. By introducing a third tier - the "root classification" - IELab users are able to define their own mother-MRIO configuration, at no additional cost in terms of data handling. Customised mother-MRIOs can then be built, which maximise disaggregation in aspects that are useful to a family of research questions.The second innovation in the IELab system is to provide a highly automated collaborative research platform in a cloud-computing environment, greatly expediting workflows and making these computational benefits accessible to all users.Combining these two aspects realises many benefits. The collaborative nature of the IELab development project allows significant savings in resources. Timely deployment is possible by coupling automation procedures with the comprehensive input from multiple teams. User-defined MRIO tables, coupled with high performance computing, mean that MRIO analysis will be useful and accessible for a great many more research applications than would otherwise be possible. By ensuring that a common set of analytical tools such as for hybrid life-cycle assessment is adopted, the IELab will facilitate the harmonisation of fragmented, dispersed and misaligned raw data for the benefit of all interested parties. © 2014 Elsevier B.V

Agricultural Research Division 120th Annual Report 2006

Table of Contents: Our Mission Foreword Research Highlights Faculty Awards and Recognitions Graduate Student Awards and Recognitions Undergraduate Honors Student Research Program Variety and Germplasm Releases Administration Administrative Personnel Organizational Chart Administrative UnitsIANR Research Facilities Faculty Agricultural/Natural Resources UnitsEducation and Human Sciences Departments Off-Campus Research Centers Interdisciplinary Activities Visiting Scientists/Research Associates Research Projects Agricultural/Natural Resources Units Education and Human Sciences Departments Off-Campus Research Centers Interdisciplinary Activities Publications Agricultural/Natural Resources UnitsEducation and Human Sciences Departments Off-Campus Research Centers Research Expenditure

Development of sustainable chemical technologies using low-cost ionic liquids for waste decontamination and valorization

This work proposed and investigated key strategies that contribute to the advancements of low-cost protic ILs (PILs) for use in the future sustainable chemical industry, particularly in the areas of waste valorization and decontamination. In large, this PhD research contributed to the ongoing development of a lignocellulose fractionation process using PILs. First, the use of contaminated waste wood was investigated as a low-cost alternative feedstock to expensive virgin biomass. Fractionation of post-consumer waste wood collected from construction activities was shown to be highly effective using 1-methylimidazolium chloride [H1Cim]Cl, producing a highly digestible metal-free cellulose pulp, with >70% glucose yield during enzymatic hyrolysis. Evaluation of key process parameters such as solid loading, waste wood composition variation, metal chelation with lignin and IL-clean up were also investigated. The study was expanded to include the valorization of hazardous creosote waste wood using the low-cost PIL N,N,N-dimethylbutylammonium hydrogen sulfate [DMBA][HSO4]. The fractionation produced a highly digestible, PAH-free cellulose pulp stream with 70% glucose release, and a PAH-lignin stream. Second, to develop a better understanding of the process boundary conditions, water use as co-solvent and anti-solvent was investigated using a variety of promising lignocellulosic biomass. It was shown that the impact of water as a co-solvent on the fractionation ability of [DMBA][HSO4] is feedstock-dependent. A reduced water input for lignin precipitation was found not to compromise the cellulose digestibility, while significantly reducing the process energy. In addition, the impact of ionoSolv pretreatment severity on fractionation performance was evaluated using a modified pretreatment severity factor, incorporating the Hammett acidity of the aqueous IL solution. The modified severity factor can better predict the fractionation outcome compared to the classical pretreatment severity factor, particularly regarding delignification and hemicellulose removal. Attention was then turned to utilization of the cellulose pulp derived from the ionoSolv process to produce functionalized nanocellulose crystals (CNCs). Alkaline-H2O2 oxidation was used as a simple and more environmentally friendly method for facile extraction of carboxylated CNCs. The impact of pretreatment severity and cellulose composition on the properties of extracted CNCs was evaluated. The produced CNCs had the ability to form self-standing nanofilms and exhibited similar thermal and colloidal stability to CNCs produced by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Lastly, a novel approach for textile waste decontamination and synthetic dye reuse using PILs was developed. The PIL [DMBA][HSO4] was used to selectively extract dyes from polyester-based synthetic textiles, leaving the dye-free polyester fiber behind for upcycling. Subsequent dyeing using the dye-rich [DMBA][HSO4] solutions was shown to be possible, achieving a similar color strength to commercially dyed products. The process provides key and novel advantages that can provide a new circular dimension to the textile recycling sector by eliminating virgin dye use, applying a closed-loop solvent-based dyeing process, and creating dye-free polyester fibers.Open Acces

Agricultural Research Division 120th Annual Report 2006

Table of Contents: Our Mission Foreword Research Highlights Faculty Awards and Recognitions Graduate Student Awards and Recognitions Undergraduate Honors Student Research Program Variety and Germplasm Releases Administration Administrative Personnel Organizational Chart Administrative UnitsIANR Research Facilities Faculty Agricultural/Natural Resources UnitsEducation and Human Sciences Departments Off-Campus Research Centers Interdisciplinary Activities Visiting Scientists/Research Associates Research Projects Agricultural/Natural Resources Units Education and Human Sciences Departments Off-Campus Research Centers Interdisciplinary Activities Publications Agricultural/Natural Resources UnitsEducation and Human Sciences Departments Off-Campus Research Centers Research Expenditure