A 1.8-pJ/b, 12.5-25-Gb/s wide range all-digital clock and data recovery circuit

Recently, there has been a strong drive to replace established analog circuits for multi-gigabit clock and data recovery (CDR) by more digital solutions. We focused on phase locked loop-based all-digital CDR (AD-CDR) techniques which contain a digital loop filter (DLF) and a digital controlled oscillator (DCO) and pushed the digital integration up to a level where our DLF is entirely synthesized. To enable this, we found that extensive subsampling can be used to decrease the speed of the DLF while maintaining a good operation. Additionally, an Inverse Alexander phase detector and a 5.5-bit resolution DCO complete the AD-CDR architecture. As a result of the low complexity and digital architecture, the AD-CDR occupies a compact active chip area of 0.050 mm(2) and consumes only 46 mW at 25 Gb/s. This is the smallest area and the lowest power consumption compared with the state-of-the-art. In addition, our implementation is highly tunable due to the synthesized logic, and supports a wide operating range (12.5-25 Gb/s), which is a significantly larger range compared with the previous work. Finally, thanks to our digital architecture, the power dissipation decreases linearly while moving to the lower speeds of our operating range. This is in contrast with the most prior work, making our design truly adaptive

REMOVING VEHICLE SPEED FROM APPARENT WIND VELOCITY

Variable-rate technologies for sprayer applications stand to increase efficacy by ensuring the right amount of chemical is applied at the right location. However, external environmental factors such as droplet drift caused by variable ambient condition, are not yet integrated into modern sprayer systems. Real-time wind velocity measurements can be used to control droplet spectra for reducing spray drift by actuating a variable-orifice nozzle. This work aimed to develop data processing methods needed to filter noise and remove vehicle speed from wind velocity measurements collected with an ultrasonic anemometer aboard a moving platform. Using a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), vehicle speed was calculated in the field and subtracted from apparent wind velocity for comparison to static measurements. Experiments under stationary and dynamic sensor deployments were used to develop an algorithm to provide instantaneous local wind velocity and to better understand the local spatiotemporal variability of wind under field conditions

Noise shaping techniques for analog and time to digital converters using voltage controlled oscillators

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-181).Advanced CMOS processes offer very fast switching speed and high transistor density that can be utilized to implement analog signal processing functions in interesting and unconventional ways, for example by leveraging time as a signal domain. In this context, voltage controlled ring oscillators are circuit elements that are not only very attractive due to their highly digital implementation which takes advantage of scaling, but also due to their ability to amplify or integrate conventional voltage signals into the time domain. In this work, we take advantage of voltage controlled oscillators to implement analog- and time-to-digital converters with first-order quantization and mismatch noise-shaping. To implement a time-to-digital converter (TDC) with noise-shaping, we present a oscillator that is enabled during the measurement of an input, and then disabled in between measurements. By holding the state of the oscillator in between samples, the quantization error is saved and transferred to the following sample, which can be seen as first-order noise-shaping in the frequency domain. In order to achieve good noise shaping performance, we also present key details of a multi-path oscillator topology that is able to reduce the effective delay per stage by a factor of 5 and accurately preserve the quantization error from measurement to measurement. An 11-bit, 50Msps prototype time-to-digital converter (TDC) using a multi-path gated ring oscillator with 6ps of delay per stage demonstrates over 20dB of ist-order noise shaping. At frequencies below 1MHz, the TDC error integrates to 80fsrms for a dynamic range of 95dB with no calibration of differential non-linearity required. The 157x258pm TDC is realized in 0.13ipm CMOS and operates from a 1.5V supply.(cont.) The use of VCO-based quantization within continuous-time (CT) [Epsilon] [Delta] ADC structures is also explored, with a custom prototype in 0.13pm CMOS showing measured performance of 86/72dB SNR/SNDR with 10MHz bandwidth while consuming 40mW from a 1.2V supply and occupying an active area of 640pm X 660pm. A key element of the ADC structure is a 5-bit VCO-based quantizer clocked at 950 MHz which we show achieves first-order noise-shaping of its quantization noise. The quantizer structure allows the second order CT Epsilon] [Delta] ADC topology to achieve third order noise shaping, and direct connection of the VCO-based quantizer to the internal DACs of the ADC provides intrinsic dynamic element matching (DEM) of the DAC elements.by Matthew A. Z. Straayer.Ph.D

Real-Time Context-Aware Computing with Applications in Civil Infrastructure Systems.

This dissertation contributes a structured understanding of the fundamental processes involved in developing context-aware computing applications for the civil infrastructure industry. The civil infrastructure industry is characterized by mobile human and machine agents actively engaged in real-time decision-making tasks in a dynamic and unstructured workspace environment. This distinguishes context-aware computing from other computing technologies in three aspects: 1) it has the ability to perceive, interpret, and adapt to the agent’s evolving workspace; 2) It streamlines project data and presents the agent with information pertinent to its context, thus eliminating the agent’s tasks to accomplish the same; 3) By leveraging contextual information, it supplements decision-making tasks in real-time. This research has successfully investigated technical approaches to address fundamental aspects of introducing context-aware applications to civil engineering, including: the ubiquitous localization of mobile agents in dynamic, unstructured environments; abstraction of the spatial-context and identifying the objects of interest to the agent; and the suitability of using standard models to manage and organize data for context-aware computing applications. A computational framework for designing context-aware applications to support real-time decision-making has also been implemented. The framework allows researchers and other end users to leverage currently available context-sensing technology to design and implement innovative solutions to domain specific problems. The researched methods have been validated through several experiments conducted at the University of Michigan, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Michigan Department of Transportation. These experiments have resulted in the implementation of several applications – to support real-life decision-making tasks – that not only serve to illustrate the usefulness of the framework, but also have significant social and economic implications. Among these applications are the controlled drilling system that warns drilling personnel when the drill bit tip is about to strike rebar or utility lines, thus helping preserve the structural integrity of concrete decks and preventing utility strike accidents; an automated fault detection system that diagnoses faulty components of an underperforming HVAC distribution network; and an innovative bridge inspection solution that supports condition assessment decision-making, thus introducing objectivity to visual condition assessment by providing concurrence with the Structural Health Monitoring data.PhDCivil EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99816/1/akulaman_1.pd

Outils d'analyse, de modélisation et de commande pour les radiocommunications Application aux amplificateurs de puissance

L'évolution croissante des télécommunications résulte de la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs comme les progrès de l'électronique, de la micro-électronique, de la radiofréquence mais aussi des avancées des techniques de communications numériques. Dans ce contexte, les études s'orientent de plus en plus vers l'amélioration de la couverture et de la qualité de service offertes aux usagers. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrivent les travaux exposés dans le cadre de cette Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches. Les problématiques soulevées concernent : - la connaissance et la maîtrise du comportement des composants en présence de signaux large bande, multiporteuses, - l'amélioration de la qualité des transmissions en tenant compte des aspects énergétiques, - la reconfigurabilité et l'adaptation des nouveaux systèmes à la multiplication des normes et des standards de communications. Pour chaque problématique, nous avons proposé des solutions théoriques et pratiques avec comme fil conducteur l'utilisation et la mise en \oe uvre d'outils issus de l'Automatique comme l'estimation paramétrique, la commande et la linéarisation, l'optimisation, etc. Concernant la modélisation des fonctions électroniques RF, je présente mes travaux concernant la prise en compte des effets statiques et dynamiques en temps continu et discret. Pour les circuits hautes fréquences qui se caractérisent par des constantes de temps avec des ordres de grandeurs divers, nous avons montré qu'il est important d'envisager la modélisation selon l'application visée et en déployant des outils d'estimation paramétrique adaptés. Des problématiques telles que la normalisation de l'espace paramétrique, l'initialisation, la convergence sont étudiées pour répondre aux caractéristiques des systèmes de radiocommunications.Dans le chapitre consacré à l'amélioration de la linéarité et du rendement, nous avons présenté des techniques de correction des imperfections des amplificateurs de puissances ainsi que des méthodes de traitement du signal qui permettent de réduire leurs impacts sur la transmission. Concernant la linéarisation, nous avons commencé par une comparaison d'une technique Feedback et d'un linéariseur à base d'une prédistorsion polynomiale sans mémoire. Cette étude a mis en évidence l'intérêt d'adjoindre de la mémoire sous forme de retards dans le linéariseur. Les fortes fluctuations des signaux multiporteuses, mesurées par le PAPR pour Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, contribuent aussi à dégrader le bilan énergétique de l'émetteur. La majorité des travaux sur la réduction du PAPR se limite à l'étude des performances en termes de gain de réduction, sans aborder la qualité de transmission en présence d'imperfections réalistes des éléments non-linéaires. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons analysé cette problématique pour un système MIMO-OFDM en boucle fermée avec prise en compte du canal, des non-linéarités, des effets mémoires et des critères visuels permettant d'évaluer la qualité des transmissions de données multimédias.Le développement d'architectures entièrement numérique, reconfigurables est traité en dernière partie de ce cette HDR. Pour cette large thématique, nous proposons des améliorations pour des coefficients des modulateurs afin d'obtenir une fonction de transfert du bruit respectant un gabarit fréquentiel donné. La correction des erreurs de calcul dus aux coefficients du type 1/$2^L$. Cette correction est basée sur la ré-injection de l'erreur au sein de la boucle directe à travers un filtre numérique

Undergraduate Course Catalog of the University of San Diego 2021-2022

845 pages. Includes information about academics, expenses, campus and the college, the 2021-2022 academic calendar, and school policies.https://digital.sandiego.edu/coursecatalogs-undergrad/1029/thumbnail.jp

Undergraduate Course Catalog of the University of San Diego 2022-2023

569 pages. Includes information about academics, expenses, campus and the college, the 2022-2023 academic calendar, and school policies.https://digital.sandiego.edu/coursecatalogs-undergrad/1030/thumbnail.jp

Undergraduate Course Catalog of the University of San Diego 2019-2020

514 pages. Includes information about academics, campus and the college, the 2019-2020 academic calendar, and school policies.https://digital.sandiego.edu/coursecatalogs-undergrad/1027/thumbnail.jp