193 research outputs found

    Riparian quality and connectivity towards biodiversity-related ecosystem services: a proxy-based approach in Mediterranean human-dominated landscapes

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    Doutoramento FLUVIO - River Restoration and Management / Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Instituto Superior Técnico / Faculdade de Arquitetura. Universidade de LisboaRiparian ecosystems located in Mediterranean regions are highly biodiverse and provide valuable Ecosystem Services (ES). The ecological response of riparian ecosystems to distinct human and environmental effects has been widely studied, but there has been a lack of robust methods capable of predicting their potential in supporting biodiversity and related ES. In this thesis, riparian quality and connectivity metrics were used as surrogates of the potential of riparian ecosystems to support biodiversity and related ES in three Mediterranean human-dominated landscapes: Intensive agriculture (IA), Extensive agriculture (EA) and Forest production (FP). Riparian quality was assessed through the development of a novel proxy-based index, integrating metrics related to the structure, management and floristic composition of REs with their suitability in supporting biological groups with distinct dispersal abilities: short-range, medium-range and long-range dispersers. Riparian connectivity was calculated using a structural and functional approach, where the area of riparian ecosystems was used as representative of the available habitat. The main conclusions showed that riparian ecosystems located in the FP and IA landscapes exhibited the highest and lowest riparian quality, mainly due to their inaccessibility and the surrounding pressures of the agricultural matrix, respectively. Additionally, riparian ecosystems located in the EA landscape seemed to be particularly relevant for long-range dispersers, despite providing less available habitat as a result of specific management actions. Regarding riparian connectivity, results showed a tendency of reduced connectivity in the Mediterranean region, due to land-use intensification, hydromorphological alterations and the dryness of the Mediterranean climate. Furthermore, riparian ecosystems dominated by woody vegetation seemed to have a higher potential for biological dispersal. This thesis was developed to study the underlying processes that link riparian quality to connectivity. In the end, the maintenance and improvement of riparian ecosystems, especially when dominated by woody vegetation, proved to be crucial to attain ecological quality and connectivity in Mediterranean human-dominated landscapesOs ecossistemas ribeirinhos localizados em regiões Mediterrânicas são altamente biodiversos e providenciam valiosos Serviços do Ecossistema (SE). Não obstante o facto da sua resposta ecológica a distintas pressões humanas e ambientais ter sido amplamente estudada, tem havido uma generalizada falta de métodos robustos capazes de predizer o seu potencial para a biodiversidade e SE relacionados. Nesta tese, métricas de qualidade e conectividade foram utilizadas como representativas do potencial dos ecossistemas ribeirinhos para a biodiversidade e SE relacionados em três paisagens Mediterrânicas antrópicas: Agricultura intensiva (AI), Agricultura extensiva (AE) e Floresta de produção (FP). A qualidade foi avaliada através do desenvolvimento de um novo índice biológico, integrando métricas relacionadas com a estrutura, gestão e composição florística dos ecossistemas ribeirinhos com a sua aptidão para grupos biológicos com capacidades distintas de dispersão: dispersores de curta-distância, média-distância e longa-distância. A conectividade foi calculada através de uma abordagem estrutural e funcional, onde a área dos ecossistemas ribeirinhos foi utilizada como representativa dos habitats disponíveis. As principais conclusões mostraram que os ecossistemas ribeirinhos localizados nas paisagens de FP e AI exibiriam a maior e menor qualidade, principalmente devido à sua inacessibilidade e às pressões da matriz agrícola, respetivamente. Adicionalmente, os ecossistemas ribeirinhos localizados na paisagem de AE mostraram-se particularmente relevantes para dispersores de longa-distância, apesar de disponibilizarem menos habitat devido a ações de gestão específicas. Em relação à conectividade, os resultados mostraram reduzida conectividade na região Mediterrânica, dada a intensificação do uso da terra, alterações hidromorfológicas e aridez do clima Mediterrânico. Paralelamente, os ecossistemas ribeirinhos dominados por vegetação lenhosa mostraram ter um maior potencial para a dispersão biológica. Esta tese baseia-se no estudo dos processos que ligam a qualidade à conectividade ribeirinha. No fim, a manutenção e melhoramento dos ecossistemas ribeirinhos, especialmente quando dominados por vegetação lenhosa, provaram ser cruciais para a obtenção de qualidade e conectividade em paisagens Mediterrânicas antrópicasN/

    Open reWall: Survey-to-production workflow for building renovation

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    A reabilitação de espaços interiores, num contexto de personalização em série, requer uma mudança na forma como os sistemas construtivos são desenhados, construídos e reutilizados. Recorrendo a plataformas digitais para a participação os arquitetos, em colaboração com outros atores na indústria AEC, podem desenvolver e oferecer soluções personalizadas e desmontáveis a utilizadores genéricos. Esta investigação propõe o uso de sistemas de construção personalizada em série (CPS) para fornecer sistemas de divisórias desmontáveis fabricadas digitalmente usando metodologias do levantamento à produção ligadas a configuradores online, em que os utilizadores co-projetam soluções para a reabilitação de espaços interiores. A metodologia de investigação socorre-se de pesquisa e análise teórica para definir critérios e objetivos a serem explorados em resolução de problemas de projeto. A partir destas experiências são sintetizados princípios e uma metodologia para a conceção de sistemas CPS de sistemas de divisórias personalizáveis e desmontáveis para a reabilitação. A metodologia clarifica os papeis dos atores, passos, e arquitetura do sistema para implementar um sistema CPS do levantamento à produção. A investigação demonstra que a metodologia de levantamento proposta é utilizável por utilizadores especialistas e não-especialistas, com os últimos a apresentarem em média melhores resultados, e que estes levantamentos têm precisão suficiente para processos do desenho à produção. Também se demonstra que a metodologia do levantamento à produção, a gramática genérica, e os critérios são úteis para os arquitetos conceberem sistemas de divisórias desmontáveis e personalizáveis para sistemas CPS abertos.Building renovation of interior spaces, in the context of mass customization, requires a shift in how construction systems are designed, built, and reused. Leveraging digital frameworks for user participation, architects in collaboration with other stakeholders in the AEC industry may design anddeliver customized and disassemble-able solutions to generic end-users. The research proposes mass customization construction (MCC) systems can deliver cost-effective digitally fabricated and disassemble-able construction systems using survey-to-production workflows deployed in web configurators for end-users to co-design solutions in building renovation. The research methodology uses theoretical inquiry and analysis to define criteria and objectives to be explored in design problem solving. From these experiments generalizable principles and a lowkey workflow for the design of MCC systems of customizable and disassemble-able partition wall construction systems for open building renovation are synthetized. The workflow clarifies stakeholder roles, steps, and system architecture to implement an MCC system from survey to production. This investigation demonstrates the proposed survey workflow is usable by non-expert and expert instance-designers, with the former having on-average better results, and that these can survey spaces with sufficient precision for design-to-production workflows. It is also shown the survey-to-production workflow, the generic grammar, and criteria are useful for architects to design customizable and disassemble-able partition wall systems for open MCC systems

    PROCEEDINGS 5th PLATE Conference

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    The 5th international PLATE conference (Product Lifetimes and the Environment) addressed product lifetimes in the context of sustainability. The PLATE conference, which has been running since 2015, has successfully been able to establish a solid network of researchers around its core theme. The topic has come to the forefront of current (political, scientific & societal) debates due to its interconnectedness with a number of recent prominent movements, such as the circular economy, eco-design and collaborative consumption. For the 2023 edition of the conference, we encouraged researchers to propose how to extend, widen or critically re-construct thematic sessions for the PLATE conference, and the paper call was constructed based on these proposals. In this 5th PLATE conference, we had 171 paper presentations and 238 participants from 14 different countries. Beside of paper sessions we organized workshops and REPAIR exhibitions

    19th SC@RUG 2022 proceedings 2021-2022

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    Applied Cognitive Sciences

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    Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field in the study of the mind and intelligence. The term cognition refers to a variety of mental processes, including perception, problem solving, learning, decision making, language use, and emotional experience. The basis of the cognitive sciences is the contribution of philosophy and computing to the study of cognition. Computing is very important in the study of cognition because computer-aided research helps to develop mental processes, and computers are used to test scientific hypotheses about mental organization and functioning. This book provides a platform for reviewing these disciplines and presenting cognitive research as a separate discipline

    Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022

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    Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022 is a creative-commons ebook that provides a unique 360 degrees overview of quantum technologies from science and technology to geopolitical and societal issues. It covers quantum physics history, quantum physics 101, gate-based quantum computing, quantum computing engineering (including quantum error corrections and quantum computing energetics), quantum computing hardware (all qubit types, including quantum annealing and quantum simulation paradigms, history, science, research, implementation and vendors), quantum enabling technologies (cryogenics, control electronics, photonics, components fabs, raw materials), quantum computing algorithms, software development tools and use cases, unconventional computing (potential alternatives to quantum and classical computing), quantum telecommunications and cryptography, quantum sensing, quantum technologies around the world, quantum technologies societal impact and even quantum fake sciences. The main audience are computer science engineers, developers and IT specialists as well as quantum scientists and students who want to acquire a global view of how quantum technologies work, and particularly quantum computing. This version is an extensive update to the 2021 edition published in October 2021.Comment: 1132 pages, 920 figures, Letter forma

    19th SC@RUG 2022 proceedings 2021-2022

    Get PDF

    19th SC@RUG 2022 proceedings 2021-2022

    Get PDF
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