4,821 research outputs found
Single electron control in n-type semiconductor quantum dots using non-Abelian holonomies generated by spin orbit coupling
We propose that n-type semiconductor quantum dots with the Rashba and
Dresselhaus spin orbit interactions may be used for single electron
manipulation through adiabatic transformations between degenerate states. All
the energy levels are discrete in quantum dots and possess a double degeneracy
due to time reversal symmetryin the presence of the Rashba and/or Dresselhaus
spin orbit coupling terms. We find that the presence of double degeneracy does
not necessarily give rise to a finite non-Abelian (matrix) Berry phase. We show
that a distorted two-dimensional harmonic potential may give rise to
non-Abelian Berry phases. The presence of the non-Abelian Berry phase may be
tested experimentally by measuring the optical dipole transitions.Comment: accepted in Phys. Rev.
Numerical calculation of the complex berry phase in non-Hermitian systems
We numerically investigate topological phases of periodic lattice systems in
tight-binding description under the influence of dissipation. The effects of
dissipation are effectively described by -symmetric potentials.
In this framework we develop a general numerical gauge smoothing procedure to
calculate complex Berry phases from the biorthogonal basis of the system's
non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Further, we apply this method to a one-dimensional
-symmetric lattice system and verify our numerical results by an
analytical calculation.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, minor modifications in the final versio
Multiple Unpinned Dirac Points in Group-Va Single-layers with Phosphorene Structure
Emergent Dirac fermion states underlie many intriguing properties of
graphene, and the search for them constitute one strong motivation to explore
two-dimensional (2D) allotropes of other elements. Phosphorene, the ultrathin
layers of black phosphorous, has been a subject of intense investigations
recently, and it was found that other group-Va elements could also form 2D
layers with similar puckered lattice structure. Here, by a close examination of
their electronic band structure evolution, we discover two types of Dirac
fermion states emerging in the low-energy spectrum. One pair of (type-I) Dirac
points is sitting on high-symmetry lines, while two pairs of (type-II) Dirac
points are located at generic -points, with different anisotropic
dispersions determined by the reduced symmetries at their locations. Such
fully-unpinned (type-II) 2D Dirac points are discovered for the first time. In
the absence of spin-orbit coupling, we find that each Dirac node is protected
by the sublattice symmetry from gap opening, which is in turn ensured by any
one of three point group symmetries. The spin-orbit coupling generally gaps the
Dirac nodes, and for the type-I case, this drives the system into a quantum
spin Hall insulator phase. We suggest possible ways to realize the unpinned
Dirac points in strained phosphorene.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figure
Geometrical Excess Entropy Production in Nonequilibrium Quantum Systems
For open systems described by the quantum Markovian master equation, we study
a possible extension of the Clausius equality to quasistatic operations between
nonequilibrium steady states (NESSs). We investigate the excess heat divided by
temperature (i.e., excess entropy production) which is transferred into the
system during the operations. We derive a geometrical expression for the excess
entropy production, which is analogous to the Berry phase in unitary evolution.
Our result implies that in general one cannot define a scalar potential whose
difference coincides with the excess entropy production in a thermodynamic
process, and that a vector potential plays a crucial role in the thermodynamics
for NESSs. In the weakly nonequilibrium regime, we show that the geometrical
expression reduces to the extended Clausius equality derived by Saito and
Tasaki (J. Stat. Phys. {\bf 145}, 1275 (2011)). As an example, we investigate a
spinless electron system in quantum dots. We find that one can define a scalar
potential when the parameters of only one of the reservoirs are modified in a
non-interacting system, but this is no longer the case for an interacting
system.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures. 'Remark on the fluctuation theorem' has been
revised in ver. 2. Brief Summary has been added in Sec. 1 in ver.
Chirality in Quantum Computation with Spin Cluster Qubits
We study corrections to the Heisenberg interaction between several lateral,
single-electron quantum dots. We show, using exact diagonalization, that
three-body chiral terms couple triangular configurations to external sources of
flux rather strongly. The chiral corrections impact single qubit encodings
utilizing loops of three or more Heisenberg coupled quantum dots.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Interaction Driven Quantum Hall Wedding cake-like Structures in Graphene Quantum Dots
Quantum-relativistic matter is ubiquitous in nature; however it is
notoriously difficult to probe. The ease with which external electric and
magnetic fields can be introduced in graphene opens a door to creating a
table-top prototype of strongly confined relativistic matter. Here, through a
detailed spectroscopic mapping, we provide a spatial visualization of the
interplay between spatial and magnetic confinement in a circular graphene
resonator. We directly observe the development of a multi-tiered "wedding
cake"-like structure of concentric regions of compressible/incompressible
quantum Hall states, a signature of electron interactions in the system.
Solid-state experiments can therefore yield insights into the behaviour of
quantum-relativistic matter under extreme conditions
An Aharonov-Bohm interferometer for determining Bloch band topology
The geometric structure of an energy band in a solid is fundamental for a
wide range of many-body phenomena in condensed matter and is uniquely
characterized by the distribution of Berry curvature over the Brillouin zone.
In analogy to an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer that measures the magnetic flux
penetrating a given area in real space, we realize an atomic interferometer to
measure Berry flux in momentum space. We demonstrate the interferometer for a
graphene-type hexagonal lattice, where it has allowed us to directly detect the
singular Berry flux localized at each Dirac point. We show that the
interferometer enables one to determine the distribution of Berry curvature
with high momentum resolution. Our work forms the basis for a general framework
to fully characterize topological band structures and can also facilitate
holonomic quantum computing through controlled exploitation of the geometry of
Hilbert space.Comment: 5+5 page
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