963 research outputs found

    Magnetic noise reduction of in-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motors for light-duty electric vehicles

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    This paper presents study of a multi-slice subdomain model (MS-SDM) for persistent low-frequency sound, in a wheel hub-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (WHM-PMSM) with a fractional-slot non-overlapping concentrated winding for a light-duty, fully electric vehicle applications. While this type of winding provides numerous potential benefits, it has also the largest magnetomotive force (MMF) distortion factor, which leads to the electro-vibro-acoustics production, unless additional machine design considerations are carried out. To minimize the magnetic noise level radiated by the PMSM, a skewing technique is targeted with consideration of the natural frequencies under a variable-speed-range analysis. To ensure the impact of the minimization technique used, magnetic force harmonics, along with acoustic sonograms, is computed by MS-SDM and verified by 3D finite element analysis. On the basis of the studied models, we derived and experimentally verified the optimized model with 5 dBA reduction in A-weighted sound power level by due to the choice of skew angle. In addition, we investigated whether or not the skewing slice number can be of importance on the vibro-acoustic objectives in the studied WHM-PMSM.Postprint (published version

    Observer-based tuning of two-inertia servo-drive systems with integrated SAW torque transducers

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    This paper proposes controller design and tuning methodologies that facilitate the rejection of periodic load-side disturbances applied to a torsional mechanical system while simultaneously compensating for the observer’s inherent phase delay. This facilitates the use of lower-bandwidth practically realizable disturbance observers. The merits of implementing full- and reduced-order observers are investigated, with the latter being implemented with a new low-cost servo-machine-integrated highband width torque-sensing device based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. Specifically, the authors’ previous work based on proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and resonance ratio control (RRC) controllers (IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1226–1237, Aug. 2006) is augmented with observer disturbance feedback. It is shown that higher-bandwidth disturbance observers are required to maximize disturbance attenuation over the low-frequency band (as well as the desired rejection frequency), thereby attenuating a wide range of possible frequencies. In such cases, therefore, it is shown that the RRC controller is the preferred solution since it can employ significantly higher observer bandwidth, when compared to PID counterparts, by virtue of reduced noise sensitivity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the prototype servo-machine-integrated 20-N · mSAWtorque transducer is not unduly affected by machine-generated electromagnetic noise and exhibits similar dynamic behavior as a conventional instrument inline torque transducer

    A cascade MPC control structure for PMSM with speed ripple minimization

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    This paper addresses the problem of reducing the impact of periodic disturbances arising from the current sensor offset error on the speed control of a PMSM. The new results are based on a cascade model predictive control scheme with embedded disturbance model, where the per unit model is utilized to improve the numerical condition of the scheme. Results from an experimental application are given to support the design

    Performance Evaluation of Novel Rare Earth Free Magnets Based Motors for Electric Vehicle Applications

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    Electrical Vehicles (EVs) are regarded as an effective solution in a world where environmental protection along with energy crises is gaining higher attention. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) are considered significant competitors for EVs amongst the other varied motor drives. Owing to their higher efficiency, higher output power to volume ratio, and higher torque to current ratio, they are regarded as a feasible option in several sorts of applications like wind turbines, along with EVs. For higher-performance applications, Permanent Magnet (PM) motors with Rare-Earth (RE) magnets are pondered as one of the best candidates. Conversely, replacing the Rare-Earth (Neodymium-iron-boron) in EVs with lesser or even no RE alternatives is the most critical concern in PM owing to their limited along with the unstable supply of RE elements. Therefore, to eliminate the usage of RE magnets as well as to identify the finest alternative materials, which assure lower cost along with mass production in manufacturing industries, various permanent magnetic materials are examined here with different PMSM designs for EVs applications. Manganese Aluminide (MnAl), Ferrite, Tetrataenite (L10FeNi), Iron Nitride (Fe16N2) and Nanocomposite magnetic materials are the varied magnetic materials utilized for evaluation. For varied magnetic materials, the simulation outcomes are obtained regarding the variations in cogging torque, average torque, efficiency, along with magnet mass. On analogizing RE with various magnetic materials, it was established that a higher performance was attained by replacing RE magnets with substitute magnetic material; in addition, it also proves to be highly effective. It is observed that although their electromagnetic performance of the various materials is similar, iron nitrade has an excellent demagnetization withstand capability. Finally, in contrast to the interior V type with rare earth magnets, iron nitrade and MnAl magnet machine can attain better torque development with high efficiency

    Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

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    Observer based tuning techniques and integrated SAW torque transducers for two-inertia servo-drive systems

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    A controller design and tuning methodology is proposed that facilitates the rejection of periodic load-side disturbances applied to a torsional mechanical system, whilst simultaneously compensating for the disturbance observer's inherent phase delay, thereby facilitating the used of lower bandwidth, practically realisable, disturbance observers. The merits of implementing both a full- and reduced order observer, is investigated, with the latter being implemented with a new low-cost, high-bandwidth torque sensing device based on surface acoustic wave technolog

    An Improved Model Free Predictive Current Control for PMSM with Current Prediction Error Variations

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    Funding Agency: Key Areas of Guangdong Province through the Project “Integration and Industrialization of High Performance, Long Endurance, and Integrated Electric Drive System” (Grant Number: 2019B090910001)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Methods of resistance estimation in permanent magnet synchronous motors for real-time thermal management

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    Real-time thermal management of electrical ma- chines relies on sufficiently accurate indicators of internal tem- perature. One indicator of temperature in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is the stator winding resistance. Detection of PMSM winding resistance in the literature has been made on machines with relatively high resistances, where the resistive voltage vector is significant under load. This paper describes two techniques which can be applied to detect the winding resistance, through ‘Fixed Angle’ and ‘Fixed Mag- nitude’ current injection. Two further methods are described which discriminate injected current and voltages from motoring currents and voltages: ‘Unipolar’ and ‘Bipolar’ separation. These enable the resistance to be determined, and hence the winding temperature in permanent-magnet machines. These methods can be applied under load, and in a manner that does not disturb motor torque or speed. The method distinguishes between changes in the electro-motive force (EMF) constant and the resistive voltage. This paper introduces the techniques, whilst a companion paper covers the application of one of the methods to a PMSM drive system

    NOVEL METHODS FOR PERMANENT MAGNET DEMAGNETIZATION DETECTION IN PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

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    Monitoring and detecting PM flux linkage is important to maintain a stable permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) operation. The key problems that need to be solved at this stage are to: 1) establish a demagnetization magnetic flux model that takes into account the influence of various nonlinear and complex factors to reveal the demagnetization mechanism; 2) explore the relationship between different factors and demagnetizing magnetic field, to detect the demagnetization in the early stage; and 3) propose post-demagnetization measures. This thesis investigates permanent magnet (PM) demagnetization detection for PMSM machines to achieve high-performance and reliable machine drive for practical industrial and consumer applications. In this thesis, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation as well as experimental investigations are carried out to systematically study the demagnetization detection mechanism and post-demagnetization measures for permanent magnet synchronous motors. At first a flux based acoustic noise model is proposed to analyze online PM demagnetization detection by using a back propagation neural network (BPNN) with acoustic noise data. In this method, the PM demagnetization is detected by means of comparing the measured acoustic signal of PMSM with an acoustic signal library of seven acoustical indicators. Then torque ripple is chosen for online PM demagnetization diagnosis by using continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) and Grey System Theory (GST). This model is able to reveal the relationship between torque variation and PM electromagnetic interferences. After demagnetization being detected, a current regulation strategy is proposed to minimize the torque ripples induced by PM demagnetization. Next, in order to compare the demagnetization detection accuracy, different data mining techniques, Vold-Kalman filtering order tracking (VKF-OT) and dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) based detection approach is applied to real-time PM flux monitoring through torque ripple again. VKF-OT is introduced to track the order of torque ripple of PMSM running in transient state. Lastly, the combination of acoustic noise and torque is investigated for demagnetization detection by using multi-sensor information fusion to improve the system redundancy and accuracy. Bayesian network based multi-sensor information fusion is then proposed to detect the demagnetization ratio from the extracted features. During the analysis of demagnetization detection methods, the proposed PM detection approaches both form torque ripple and acoustic noise are extensively evaluated on a laboratory PM machine drive system under different speeds, load conditions, and temperatures
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