2,247 research outputs found

    A Soft Sensor-Based Fault-Tolerant Control on the Air Fuel Ratio of Spark-Ignition Engines

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    The air/fuel ratio (AFR) regulation for spark-ignition (SI) engines has been an essential and challenging control problem for engineers in the automotive industry. The feed-forward and feedback scheme has been investigated in both academic research and industrial application. The aging effect can often cause an AFR sensor fault in the feedback loop, and the AFR control performance will degrade consequently. In this research, a new control scheme on AFR with fault-tolerance is proposed by using an artificial neural network model based on fault detection and compensation, which can provide the satisfactory AFR regulation performance at the stoichiometric value for the combustion process, given a certain level of misreading of the AFR sensor

    Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Engine-Driven Ducted Fan Lift Systems using an Associated Linear Parameter Varying Model

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    Ducted fan lift systems (DFLSs) powered by two-stroke aviation piston engines present a challenging control problem due to their complex multivariable dynamics. Current controllers for these systems typically rely on proportional-integral algorithms combined with data tables, which rely on accurate models and are not adaptive to handle time-varying dynamics or system uncertainties. This paper proposes a novel adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) strategy with an associated linear parameter varying (LPV) model for controlling the engine-driven DFLS. This LPV model is derived from a global network model, which is trained off-line with data obtained from a general mean value engine model for two-stroke aviation engines. Different network models, including multi-layer perceptron, Elman, and radial basis function (RBF), are evaluated and compared in this study. The results demonstrate that the RBF model exhibits higher prediction accuracy and robustness in the DFLS application. Based on the trained RBF model, the proposed AMPC approach constructs an associated network that directly outputs the LPV model parameters as an adaptive, robust, and efficient prediction model. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated through numerical simulations of a vertical take-off thrust preparation process for the DFLS. The simulation results indicate that the proposed AMPC method can effectively control the DFLS thrust with a relative error below 3.5%

    Review of air fuel ratio prediction and control methods

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    Air pollution is one of main challenging issues nowadays that researchers have been trying to address.The emissions of vehicle engine exhausts are responsible for 50 percent of air pollution. Different types of emissions emit from vehicles including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, NOX, and so on. There is a tendency to develop strategies of engine control which work in a fast way. Accomplishing this task will result in a decrease in emissions which coupled with the fuel composition can bring about the best performance of the vehicle engine.Controlling the Air-Fuel Ratio (AFR) is necessary, because the AFR has an enormous impact on the effectiveness of the fuel and reduction of emissions.This paper is aimed at reviewing the recent studies on the prediction and control of the AFR, as a bulk of research works with different approaches, was conducted in this area.These approaches include both classical and modern methods, namely Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy Logic, and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems are described in this paper.The strength and the weakness of individual approaches will be discussed at length

    Modified Volterra model-based non-linear model predictive control of IC engines with real-time simulations

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    Modelling of non-linear dynamics of an air manifold and fuel injection in an internal combustion (IC) engine is investigated in this paper using the Volterra series model. Volterra model-based non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) is then developed to regulate the airā€“fuel ratio (AFR) at the stoichiometric value. Due to the significant difference between the time constants of the air manifold dynamics and fuel injection dynamics, the traditional Volterra model is unable to achieve a proper compromise between model accuracy and complexity. A novel method is therefore developed in this paper by using different sampling periods, to reduce the input terms significantly while maintaining the accuracy of the model. The developed NMPC system is applied to a widely used IC engine benchmark, the mean value engine model. The performance of the controlled engine under real-time simulation in the environment of dSPACE was evaluated. The simulation results show a significant improvement of the controlled performance compared with a feed-forward plus PI feedback control

    A brief review of neural networks based learning and control and their applications for robots

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    As an imitation of the biological nervous systems, neural networks (NN), which are characterized with powerful learning ability, have been employed in a wide range of applications, such as control of complex nonlinear systems, optimization, system identification and patterns recognition etc. This article aims to bring a brief review of the state-of-art NN for the complex nonlinear systems. Recent progresses of NNs in both theoretical developments and practical applications are investigated and surveyed. Specifically, NN based robot learning and control applications were further reviewed, including NN based robot manipulator control, NN based human robot interaction and NN based behavior recognition and generation

    In -cylinder combustion -based virtual emissions sensing

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    The development of a real-time, on-board measurement of exhaust emissions from heavy-duty engines would offer tremendous advantages in on-board diagnostics and engine control. In the absence of suitable measurement hardware, an alternative approach is the development of software-based predictive approaches. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using in-cylinder pressure-based variables as the inputs to predictive neural networks that are then used to predict engine-out exhaust gas emissions. Specifically, a large steady-state engine operation data matrix provides the necessary information for training a successful predictive network while at the same time eliminating errors produced by the dispersive and time-delay effects of the emissions measurement system which includes the exhaust system, the dilution tunnel, and the emissions analyzers. The steady-state training conditions allow for the correlation of time-averaged in-cylinder combustion variables to the engine-out gaseous emissions. A back-propagation neural network is then capable of learning the relationships between these variables and the measured gaseous emissions with the ability to interpolate between steady-state points in the matrix. The networks were then validated using the transient Federal Test Procedure cycle and in-cylinder combustion parameters gathered in real time through the use of an acquisition system based on a digital signal processor. The predictive networks for NOx and CO 2 proved highly successful while those for HC and CO were not as effective. Problems with the HC and CO networks included very low measured levels and validation data that fell beyond the training matrix boundary during transient engine operation

    Data-driven Soft Sensors in the Process Industry

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    In the last two decades Soft Sensors established themselves as a valuable alternative to the traditional means for the acquisition of critical process variables, process monitoring and other tasks which are related to process control. This paper discusses characteristics of the process industry data which are critical for the development of data-driven Soft Sensors. These characteristics are common to a large number of process industry fields, like the chemical industry, bioprocess industry, steel industry, etc. The focus of this work is put on the data-driven Soft Sensors because of their growing popularity, already demonstrated usefulness and huge, though yet not completely realised, potential. A comprehensive selection of case studies covering the three most important Soft Sensor application fields, a general introduction to the most popular Soft Sensor modelling techniques as well as a discussion of some open issues in the Soft Sensor development and maintenance and their possible solutions are the main contributions of this work
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