Towards Model Checking of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

Ventricular Fibrillation is a disorganized electrical excitation of the heart that results in inadequate blood flow to the body. It usually ends in death within a minute. A common way to treat the symptoms of fibrillation is to implant a medical device, known as an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD), in the patient\u27s body. Model-based verification can supply rigorous proofs of safety and efficacy. In this paper, we build a hybrid system model of the human heart+ICD closed loop, and show it to be a STORMED system, a class of o-minimal hybrid systems that admit finite bisimulations. In general, it may not be possible to compute the bisimulation. We show that approximate reachability can yield a finite simulation for STORMED systems, and that certain compositions respect the STORMED property. The results of this paper are theoretical and motivate the creation of concrete model checking procedures for STORMED systems

RESPIRATORY ARRHYTHMIA AS AN ENCOURAGEMENT OF INAPPROPRIATE ICD THERAPY

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are active cardiac implants for immediate treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. They provide life-saving therapy, but may also deliver inappropriate therapy. These two cases demonstrate a possibility of ICD therapy detection or induction encouraged by physiological patient breathing. The cases of 64-year-old and 30-year-old women patients are reported. The first one has received some therapy, the second one has not. The devices records did not show any abnormalities in trends or electrical parameters. As a solution, the detection parameters of the devices were optimized, with reference to individual physiologically reachable heart rates of the patients

Predicting Early Mortality Among Implantable Defibrillator Patients Treated With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background: The beneficial effects of a cardiac resynchronization defibrillator (CRT-D) in patients with heart failure, low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and wide QRS have clearly been established. Nevertheless, mortality r