40,127 research outputs found
Age-Based Preferences in Paired Kidney Exchange
We consider a model of Paired Kidney Exchange (PKE) with feasibility constraints on the number of patient-donor pairs involved in exchanges. Patients' preferences are restricted so that patients prefer kidneys from compatible younger donors to kidneys from older donors. In this framework, patients with compatible donors may enroll on PKE programs to receive an organ with higher expected graft survival than that of their intended donor. PKE rules that satisfy individual rationality, eciency, and strategy-proofness necessarily select pairwise exchanges. Such rules maximize the number of transplantations among pairs with the youngest donors, and sequentially among pairs with donors of dierent age group
From contextuality of a single photon to realism of an electromagnetic wave
Violations of Bell inequalities have been an incontestable indicator of
non-classicality since the seminal paper by John Bell. However, recent claims
of Bell inequalities violations with classical light have cast some doubts on
their significance as hallmarks of non-classicality. Here, we challenge those
claims. The crux of the problem is that such classical experiments simulate
quantum probabilities with intensities of classical fields. However, fields
intensities measurements are radically different from single-photon detections,
which are primitives of any genuine Bell experiment. We show that this
fundamental difference between field intensities measurements and single photon
detections shifts the classical bound of relevant Bell inequalities to its
algebraic limit, leaving no place for their violations.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
- …