663,577 research outputs found
Tracing Mobility Patterns of Buried Species of the Late Iron Age Funerary Staggered Turriform of Son Ferrer (Calvià, Spain)
This work was supported by the project “Comunitats indígenes i contacte cultural al sud-oest de Mallorca a l’edat del ferro. Puig de Sa Morica” financed by Consell Insular de Mallorca; and the R&D Project “Movilidad y conectividad de las comunidades prehistóricas en el Mediterráneo Occidental durante la prehistoria reciente: El caso de las Islas Baleares” (PID2019-108692GB) of the ArchaeoUIB Research Group (Universitat de les Illes Balears) financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The work of Lua Valenzuela-Suau has been supported by the postdoctoral contract financed by the Ministerio de Universidades, under the Pla de Recuperació, Transformació i Resiliència, and financed by the European Union (NextGenerationEU), with the participation of the Universitat de les Illes Balears. The work of Paloma Salvador has been supported by the predoctoral fellowship (FPI-CAIB) FPI/2245/2019 financed by the Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears and the European Social Fund.This is the first mobility 87Sr/86Sr analysis in human remains made on the Balearic Islands. Eight human individuals buried at the same Late Iron Age funerary chamber of Son Ferrer site (Calvià, Mallorca) have been sampled for strontium and oxygen isotopic analysis (87Sr/86Sr and δ18O). The study includes strontium and oxygen isotopic analysis of domestic mammals buried in the same Funerary Area (FA1) together with present-day vegetation and archaeological bone to assess the strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) around the site. All the results are compatible with the 87Sr/86Sr documented in Mallorca and, more specifically, with the surrounding bedrocks from the site. Humans, caprines, and dogs provided similar results and no significant differences are found between the species. The only exception is a caprine which shows seasonal movement through the period of enamel mineralisation. The isotopic information agrees with the previous studies, which proposed that Son Ferrer site was a symbolic place for the surrounding territory where people from the nearby villages were buried.Consell Insular de MallorcaSpanish Ministry of Science and Innovation PID2019-108692GBMinisterio de Universidades, Pla de Recuperació, Transformació i ResiliènciaEuropean Union (NextGenerationEU)Universitat de les Illes BalearsGovern de les Illes Balears FPI/2245/2019European Social Fun
Transportation for an Aging Population: Promoting Mobility and Equity for Low-Income Seniors
This study explores the travel patterns, needs, and mobility problems faced by diverse low-income, inner-city older adults in Los Angeles in order to identify solutions to their mobility challenges. The study draws information from: (1) a systematic literature review of the travel patterns of older adults; (2) a review of municipal policies and services geared toward older adult mobility in six cities; (3) a quantitative analysis of the mobility patterns of older adults in California using the California Household Travel Survey; and (4) empirical work with 81 older adults residing in and around Los Angeles’ inner-city Westlake neighborhood, who participated in focus groups, interviews, and walkabouts around their neighborhood
Entropic measures of individual mobility patterns
Understanding human mobility from a microscopic point of view may represent a
fundamental breakthrough for the development of a statistical physics for
cognitive systems and it can shed light on the applicability of macroscopic
statistical laws for social systems. Even if the complexity of individual
behaviors prevents a true microscopic approach, the introduction of mesoscopic
models allows the study of the dynamical properties for the non-stationary
states of the considered system. We propose to compute various entropy measures
of the individual mobility patterns obtained from GPS data that record the
movements of private vehicles in the Florence district, in order to point out
new features of human mobility related to the use of time and space and to
define the dynamical properties of a stochastic model that could generate
similar patterns. Moreover, we can relate the predictability properties of
human mobility to the distribution of time passed between two successive trips.
Our analysis suggests the existence of a hierarchical structure in the mobility
patterns which divides the performed activities into three different
categories, according to the time cost, with different information contents. We
show that a Markov process defined by using the individual mobility network is
not able to reproduce this hierarchy, which seems the consequence of different
strategies in the activity choice. Our results could contribute to the
development of governance policies for a sustainable mobility in modern cities
Using the Car in a Fragile Rural Tourist Destination: A Social Representations Perspective
The visitor experience of place is inextricably linked to our ability to travel around an area at will, yet this mobility creates many problems especially in scenic rural areas of the UK. The study presented here attempts to unravel visitors’ experiences of mobility using Moscovici’s social representations approach. Travel diaries were employed to explore visitors’ transport choices and mobility patterns during the peak season in Purbeck, Dorset, UK. Analysis focuses on how such patterns reflect a social representation of mobility and the implications this has for visitor travel at destinations
A universal model for mobility and migration patterns
Introduced in its contemporary form by George Kingsley Zipf in 1946, but with
roots that go back to the work of Gaspard Monge in the 18th century, the
gravity law is the prevailing framework to predict population movement, cargo
shipping volume, inter-city phone calls, as well as bilateral trade flows
between nations. Despite its widespread use, it relies on adjustable parameters
that vary from region to region and suffers from known analytic
inconsistencies. Here we introduce a stochastic process capturing local
mobility decisions that helps us analytically derive commuting and mobility
fluxes that require as input only information on the population distribution.
The resulting radiation model predicts mobility patterns in good agreement with
mobility and transport patterns observed in a wide range of phenomena, from
long-term migration patterns to communication volume between different regions.
Given its parameter-free nature, the model can be applied in areas where we
lack previous mobility measurements, significantly improving the predictive
accuracy of most of phenomena affected by mobility and transport processes.Comment: Main text and supplementary informatio
Coupling Human Mobility and Social Ties
Studies using massive, passively data collected from communication
technologies have revealed many ubiquitous aspects of social networks, helping
us understand and model social media, information diffusion, and organizational
dynamics. More recently, these data have come tagged with geographic
information, enabling studies of human mobility patterns and the science of
cities. We combine these two pursuits and uncover reproducible mobility
patterns amongst social contacts. First, we introduce measures of mobility
similarity and predictability and measure them for populations of users in
three large urban areas. We find individuals' visitations patterns are far more
similar to and predictable by social contacts than strangers and that these
measures are positively correlated with tie strength. Unsupervised clustering
of hourly variations in mobility similarity identifies three categories of
social ties and suggests geography is an important feature to contextualize
social relationships. We find that the composition of a user's ego network in
terms of the type of contacts they keep is correlated with mobility behavior.
Finally, we extend a popular mobility model to include movement choices based
on social contacts and compare it's ability to reproduce empirical measurements
with two additional models of mobility
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