19,469 research outputs found
Feasibility of expanding traffic monitoring systems with floating car data technology
Trajectory information reported by certain vehicles (Floating Car Data or FCD) can be applied to monitor the road network. Policy makers face difficulties when deciding to invest in the expansion of their infrastructure based on inductive loops and cameras, or to invest in a FCD system. This paper targets this decision. The provided FCD functionality is investigated, minimum requirements are determined and reliability issues are researched. The communication cost is derived and combined with other elements to assess the total costs for different scenarios. The outcome is to target a penetration rate of 1%, a sample interval of 10 seconds and a transmission interval of 30 seconds. Such a deployment can accurately determine the locations of incidents and traffic jams. It can also estimate travel times accurately for highways, for urban roads this is limited to a binary categorization into normal or congested traffic. No reliability issues are expected. The most cost efficient scenario when deploying a new FCD system is to launch a smartphone application. For Belgium, this costs 13 million EUR for 10 years. However, it is estimated that purchasing data from companies already acquiring FCD data through their own product could reduce costs with a factor 10
On the Feasibility of Social Network-based Pollution Sensing in ITSs
Intense vehicular traffic is recognized as a global societal problem, with a
multifaceted influence on the quality of life of a person. Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS) can play an important role in combating such
problem, decreasing pollution levels and, consequently, their negative effects.
One of the goals of ITSs, in fact, is that of controlling traffic flows,
measuring traffic states, providing vehicles with routes that globally pursue
low pollution conditions. How such systems measure and enforce given traffic
states has been at the center of multiple research efforts in the past few
years. Although many different solutions have been proposed, very limited
effort has been devoted to exploring the potential of social network analysis
in such context. Social networks, in general, provide direct feedback from
people and, as such, potentially very valuable information. A post that tells,
for example, how a person feels about pollution at a given time in a given
location, could be put to good use by an environment aware ITS aiming at
minimizing contaminant emissions in residential areas. This work verifies the
feasibility of using pollution related social network feeds into ITS
operations. In particular, it concentrates on understanding how reliable such
information is, producing an analysis that confronts over 1,500,000 posts and
pollution data obtained from on-the- field sensors over a one-year span.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Transaction Forma
Non-Taylor series based positioning method for location based services
Location Based Services (LBS) has gained increasing popularity in major cities. Due to blocking from man-made structures, the existing Global Positioning System (GPS) could not satisfy LBS applications, especially in street canyon and indoor surroundings. This has lead to the development of Assisted GPS (A-GPS) which can provide better service availability and accuracy gain. In the conventional positioning method, Taylor series expansion is applied to solve non-linear distance equations. This method requires an initial estimation of A-GPS receiver’s position. This paper investigates the positioning method for LBS based on hybrid E-OTD/GNSS. The proposed positioning method is non-Taylor series based. Therefore, it involves less complicated mathematical expansion and substitution. A flexible LBS positioning tool is developed which can generate position information in convenient way. It supports both Taylor series and non-Taylor series based positioning methods. The obtained results showed that the proposed non-Taylor series based positioning method can achieve better positioning accuracy
VANET Applications: Hot Use Cases
Current challenges of car manufacturers are to make roads safe, to achieve
free flowing traffic with few congestions, and to reduce pollution by an
effective fuel use. To reach these goals, many improvements are performed
in-car, but more and more approaches rely on connected cars with communication
capabilities between cars, with an infrastructure, or with IoT devices.
Monitoring and coordinating vehicles allow then to compute intelligent ways of
transportation. Connected cars have introduced a new way of thinking cars - not
only as a mean for a driver to go from A to B, but as smart cars - a user
extension like the smartphone today. In this report, we introduce concepts and
specific vocabulary in order to classify current innovations or ideas on the
emerging topic of smart car. We present a graphical categorization showing this
evolution in function of the societal evolution. Different perspectives are
adopted: a vehicle-centric view, a vehicle-network view, and a user-centric
view; described by simple and complex use-cases and illustrated by a list of
emerging and current projects from the academic and industrial worlds. We
identified an empty space in innovation between the user and his car:
paradoxically even if they are both in interaction, they are separated through
different application uses. Future challenge is to interlace social concerns of
the user within an intelligent and efficient driving
Advanced Information Services for Cognitive Behaviour of Travellers
Smart transportation is essentially leveraged by
decision making of humans, especially behaviour of
travellers.
The behaviour (movements; information management) and the
advanced information services are mutually entangled. The
travellers and the ICT (integrated infocommunication systems
of
transportation) is considered as an undecomposable set, which
has new cognitive capabilities. These capabilities are to be
used
for mobility related decisions in order to improve
sustainability
of transportation.
In order to reveal, how these capabilities coelvolve with
smart
transportation comprehensive system and process-oriented
scientific research had been launched. Herewith the basic
definitions, the architecture and the operation of the
integrated
system of smart transportation and the model of the smart
traveller have been presented following top-down approach of
system engineering
Achieving genuinely dynamic road user charging : issues with a GNSS-based approach
Peer reviewedPostprin
A cooperative cellular and broadcast conditional access system for Pay-TV systems
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.The lack of interoperability between Pay-TV service providers and a horizontally integrated business transaction model have compromised the competition in the Pay-TV market. In addition, the lack of interactivity with customers has resulted in high churn rate and improper security measures have contributed into considerable business loss. These issues are the main cause of high operational costs and subscription fees in the Pay-TV systems. As a result, this paper presents the Mobile Conditional Access System (MICAS) as an end-to-end access control solution for Pay-TV systems. It incorporates the mobile and broadcasting systems and provides a platform whereby service providers can effectively interact with their customers, personalize their services and adopt appropriate security measurements. This would result in the decrease of operating expenses and increase of customers' satisfaction in the system. The paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art conditional access solutions followed by detailed description of design, reference model implementation and analysis of possible MICAS security architectures.Strategy & Technology (S&T) Lt
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