202,621 research outputs found
The phases of 2D NCOS
We study the phases of the 1+1 dimensional Non-Commutative Open String theory
on a circle. We find that the length scale of non-commutativity increases at
strong coupling, the coupling in turn being dressed by a power of D-string
charge. The system is stringy at around this length scale, with dynamics
involving an interplay between the open and wrapped closed strings sectors.
Above this energy scale and at strong coupling, and below it at weak coupling,
the system acquires a less stringy character. The near horizon geometry of the
configuration exhibits several intriguing features, such as a flip in the
dilaton field and the curvature scale, reflecting UV-IR mixing in
non-commutative dynamics. Two special points in the parameter measuring the
size of the circle are also identified.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures; v2: reference added; v3: error in argument on
page 6 correcte
Magnetic flux tube models in superstring theory
Superstring models describing curved 4-dimensional magnetic flux tube
backgrounds are exactly solvable in terms of free fields. We first consider the
simplest model of this type (corresponding to `Kaluza-Klein' Melvin
background). Its 2d action has a flat but topologically non-trivial
10-dimensional target space (there is a mixing of angular coordinate of the
2-plane with an internal compact coordinate). We demonstrate that this theory
has broken supersymmetry but is perturbatively stable if the radius R of the
internal coordinate is larger than R_0=\sqrt{2\a'}. In the Green-Schwarz
formulation the supersymmetry breaking is a consequence of the presence of a
flat but non-trivial connection in the fermionic terms in the action. For R <
R_0 and the magnetic field strength parameter q > R/2\a' there appear
instabilities corresponding to tachyonic winding states. The torus partition
function Z(q,R) is finite for R > R_0 (and vanishes for qR=2n, n=integer). At
the special points qR=2n (2n+1) the model is equivalent to the free superstring
theory compactified on a circle with periodic (antiperiodic) boundary condition
for space-time fermions. Analogous results are obtained for a more general
class of static magnetic flux tube geometries including the a=1 Melvin model.Comment: 28 pages, harvmac. Minor changes, final version to appear in NP
Herschel/SPIRE observations of the dusty disk of NGC 4244
We present Herschel/SPIRE images at 250, 350, and 500 mu m of NGC 4244, a typical low-mass, disk-only and edge-on spiral galaxy. The dust disk is clumpy and shows signs of truncation at the break radius of the stellar disk. This disk coincides with the densest part of the Hi disk. We compare the spectral energy distribution (SED), including the new SPIRE fluxes, to 3D radiative transfer models; a smooth model disk and a clumpy model with embedded heating. Each model requires a very high value for the dust scale-length (h(d) = 2-5 h(*)), higher dust masses than previous models of NGC 4244 (M-d = 0.47-1.39 x 10(7) M-circle dot) and a face-on optical depth of tau(f.o.)(V) = 0.4-1.12, in agreement with previous disk opacity studies. The vertical scales of stars and dust are similar. The clumpy model much better mimics the general morphology in the sub-mm images and the general SED. The inferred gas-to-dust mass ratio is compatible with those of similar low-mass disks. The relatively large radial scale-length of the dust disk points to radial mixing of the dusty ISM within the stellar disk. The large vertical dust scale and the clumpy dust distribution of our SED model are both consistent with a scenario in which the vertical structure of the ISM is dictated by the balance of turbulence and self-gravity
Dynamical consequences of a free interval: minimality, transitivity, mixing and topological entropy
We study dynamics of continuous maps on compact metrizable spaces containing
a free interval (i.e., an open subset homeomorphic to an open interval). A
special attention is paid to relationships between topological transitivity,
weak and strong topological mixing, dense periodicity and topological entropy
as well as to the topological structure of minimal sets. In particular, a
trichotomy for minimal sets and a dichotomy for transitive maps are proved.Comment: 21 page
Ergodic properties of countable extensions
First, we study countably piecewise continuous, piecewise monotone interval maps. We establish a necessary and sufficient criterion for the existence of a non-decreasing semiconjugacy to an interval map of constant slope in terms of the existence of an eigenvector of an operator acting on a space of measures. Then we give examples, both Markov and non-Markov, for which the criterion is violated. ^ Next, we establish a criterion for the existence of a constant slope map on the extended real line conjugate to a given countably piecewise monotone interval map. We require the given interval map to be continuous, Markov, and topologically mixing, and show by example that the mixing hypothesis is essential. ^ Next, we study a class of countable state subshifts of finite type which admit finite-state factors. Our systems carry a displacement function, analogous to that used in the rotation theory of circle maps. Among those invariant measures on the factor system for which the average displacement is zero, we identify a unique measure of maximal entropy. As a corollary we obtain an efficient computational tool for the Gurevich entropy of the countable state system. We also prove that the countable state systems in our class do not admit any measure of maximal entropy. ^ Finally, we apply our findings to the study of degree one circle maps with Markov partitions and with transitive liftings to the real line. After compactifying by adjoining fixed points at plus and minus infinity, we show how to compute the topological entropy of the lifting and how to find all conjugate maps of constant slope. We prove that there are conjugate maps of constant slope for every slope greater than or equal to the exponential of the entropy
CP Violations in Lepton Number Violation Processes and Neutrino Oscillations
We examine the constraints on the MNS lepton mixing matrix from the present
and future experimental data of the neutrino oscillation and lepton number
violation processes. We introduce a graphical representation of the CP
violation phases which appear in the lepton number violation processes such as
neutrinoless double beta decay, the conversion, and the K decay,
Using this graphical representation, we derive the
constraints on the CP violation phases in the lepton sector.Comment: 21pp, REVTeX, 9 Figure
MNS Parameters from Neutrino Oscillations, Single Beta Decay and Double Beta Decay
We examine the constraints on the MNS lepton mixing matrix =66rom the present
and future experimental data of the neutrino oscillation, tritium beta decay,
and neutrinoless double beta decay for Majorana neutrinos. We show that the
small mixing angle solutions for solar neutrino problem are disfavored for
small averaged mass () of neutrinoless double beta decay ($\leq 0.01$
eV) in the inverse neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. This is the case even in
the normal mass hierarchy scenario except for very restrictive value of the
averaged neutrino mass ($\bar{m_\nu}$) of single beta decay. The lower mass
bound for $\bar{m_\nu}$ is given from the present neutrino oscillation data. We
obtain some relations between and . The constraints on
the Majorana CP violating phases are also given.Comment: 25pages, 10figure
- âŠ