Halide: a language and compiler for optimizing parallelism, locality, and recomputation in image processing pipelines

Image processing pipelines combine the challenges of stencil computations and stream programs. They are composed of large graphs of different stencil stages, as well as complex reductions, and stages with global or data-dependent access patterns. Because of their complex structure, the performance difference between a naive implementation of a pipeline and an optimized one is often an order of magnitude. Efficient implementations require optimization of both parallelism and locality, but due to the nature of stencils, there is a fundamental tension between parallelism, locality, and introducing redundant recomputation of shared values. We present a systematic model of the tradeoff space fundamental to stencil pipelines, a schedule representation which describes concrete points in this space for each stage in an image processing pipeline, and an optimizing compiler for the Halide image processing language that synthesizes high performance implementations from a Halide algorithm and a schedule. Combining this compiler with stochastic search over the space of schedules enables terse, composable programs to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of real image processing pipelines, and across different hardware architectures, including multicores with SIMD, and heterogeneous CPU+GPU execution. From simple Halide programs written in a few hours, we demonstrate performance up to 5x faster than hand-tuned C, intrinsics, and CUDA implementations optimized by experts over weeks or months, for image processing applications beyond the reach of past automatic compilers.United States. Dept. of Energy (Award DE-SC0005288)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 0964004)Intel CorporationCognex CorporationAdobe System

Halide: a language and compiler for optimizing parallelism, locality, and recomputation in image processing pipelines

Image processing pipelines combine the challenges of stencil computations and stream programs. They are composed of large graphs of different stencil stages, as well as complex reductions, and stages with global or data-dependent access patterns. Because of their complex structure, the performance difference between a naive implementation of a pipeline and an optimized one is often an order of magnitude. Efficient implementations require optimization of both parallelism and locality, but due to the nature of stencils, there is a fundamental tension between parallelism, locality, and introducing redundant recomputation of shared values. We present a systematic model of the tradeoff space fundamental to stencil pipelines, a schedule representation which describes concrete points in this space for each stage in an image processing pipeline, and an optimizing compiler for the Halide image processing language that synthesizes high performance implementations from a Halide algorithm and a schedule. Combining this compiler with stochastic search over the space of schedules enables terse, composable programs to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of real image processing pipelines, and across different hardware architectures, including multicores with SIMD, and heterogeneous CPU+GPU execution. From simple Halide programs written in a few hours, we demonstrate performance up to 5x faster than hand-tuned C, intrinsics, and CUDA implementations optimized by experts over weeks or months, for image processing applications beyond the reach of past automatic compilers.United States. Dept. of Energy (Award DE-SC0005288)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant 0964004)Intel CorporationCognex CorporationAdobe System

Classification algorithms for Big Data with applications in the urban security domain

A classification algorithm is a versatile tool, that can serve as a predictor for the future or as an analytical tool to understand the past. Several obstacles prevent classification from scaling to a large Volume, Velocity, Variety or Value. The aim of this thesis is to scale distributed classification algorithms beyond current limits, assess the state-of-practice of Big Data machine learning frameworks and validate the effectiveness of a data science process in improving urban safety. We found in massive datasets with a number of large-domain categorical features a difficult challenge for existing classification algorithms. We propose associative classification as a possible answer, and develop several novel techniques to distribute the training of an associative classifier among parallel workers and improve the final quality of the model. The experiments, run on a real large-scale dataset with more than 4 billion records, confirmed the quality of the approach. To assess the state-of-practice of Big Data machine learning frameworks and streamline the process of integration and fine-tuning of the building blocks, we developed a generic, self-tuning tool to extract knowledge from network traffic measurements. The result is a system that offers human-readable models of the data with minimal user intervention, validated by experiments on large collections of real-world passive network measurements. A good portion of this dissertation is dedicated to the study of a data science process to improve urban safety. First, we shed some light on the feasibility of a system to monitor social messages from a city for emergency relief. We then propose a methodology to mine temporal patterns in social issues, like crimes. Finally, we propose a system to integrate the findings of Data Science on the citizenry’s perception of safety and communicate its results to decision makers in a timely manner. We applied and tested the system in a real Smart City scenario, set in Turin, Italy

Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021

This open access book is the proceedings of the International Federation for IT and Travel & Tourism (IFITT)’s 28th Annual International eTourism Conference, which assembles the latest research presented at the ENTER21@yourplace virtual conference January 19–22, 2021. This book advances the current knowledge base of information and communication technologies and tourism in the areas of social media and sharing economy, technology including AI-driven technologies, research related to destination management and innovations, COVID-19 repercussions, and others. Readers will find a wealth of state-of-the-art insights, ideas, and case studies on how information and communication technologies can be applied in travel and tourism as we encounter new opportunities and challenges in an unpredictable world

Data Mining Algorithms for Internet Data: from Transport to Application Layer

Nowadays we live in a data-driven world. Advances in data generation, collection and storage technology have enabled organizations to gather data sets of massive size. Data mining is a discipline that blends traditional data analysis methods with sophisticated algorithms to handle the challenges posed by these new types of data sets. The Internet is a complex and dynamic system with new protocols and applications that arise at a constant pace. All these characteristics designate the Internet a valuable and challenging data source and application domain for a research activity, both looking at Transport layer, analyzing network tra c flows, and going up to Application layer, focusing on the ever-growing next generation web services: blogs, micro-blogs, on-line social networks, photo sharing services and many other applications (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, etc.). In this thesis work we focus on the study, design and development of novel algorithms and frameworks to support large scale data mining activities over huge and heterogeneous data volumes, with a particular focus on Internet data as data source and targeting network tra c classification, on-line social network analysis, recommendation systems and cloud services and Big data

March 6, 2014

The Breeze is the student newspaper of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia

Rethinking Change

UIDB/00417/2020 UIDP/00417/2020No seguimento da Conferência Internacional sobre Arte, Museus e Culturas Digitais (Abril 2021), este e-book pretende aprofundar a discussão sobre o conceito de mudança, geralmente associado à relação entre cultura e tecnologia. Através dos contributos de 32 autores, de 12 países, questiona-se não só a forma como o digital tem motivado novas práticas artísticas e curatoriais, mas também o inverso, observando como propostas críticas e criativas no campo da arte e dos museus têm aberto vias alternativas para o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Assumindo a diversidade de perspectivas sobre o tema, de leituras retrospectivas à análise de questões e projectos recentes, o livro estrutura-se em torno de sete capítulos e um ensaio visual, evidenciando os territórios de colaboração e cruzamento entre diferentes áreas de conhecimento científico. Disponível em acesso aberto, esta publicação resulta de um projecto colaborativo promovido pelo Instituto de História da Arte, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa e pelo maat – Museu de Arte, Arquitectura e Tecnologia. Instituição parceira: Instituto Superior Técnico. Mecenas: Fundação Millennium bcp. Media partner: revista Umbigo. Following the International Conference on Art, Museums and Digital Cultures (April 2021), this e-book seeks to extend the discussion on the concept of change that is usually associated with the relationship between culture and technology. Through the contributions of 32 authors from 12 countries, the book not only questions how digital media have inspired new artistic and curatorial practices, but also how, conversely, critical and creative proposals in the fields of art and museums have opened up alternative paths to technological development. Acknowledging the different approaches to the topic, ranging from retrospective readings to the analysis of recent issues and projects, the book is divided into seven sections and a visual essay, highlighting collaborative territories and the crossovers between different areas of scientific knowledge. Available in open access, this publication is the result of a collaborative project promoted by the Institute of Art History of the School of Social Sciences and Humanities, NOVA University of Lisbon and maat – Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology. Partner institution: Instituto Superior Técnico. Sponsor: Millennium bcp Foundation. Media partner: Umbigo magazine.publishersversionpublishe

RRS Discovery Cruise DY108‐109, 6 Sept - 2 Oct 2019. CLASS – Climate‐linked Atlantic System Science Darwin Mounds Marine Protected Area habitat monitoring, BioCAM ‐ first equipment trials. BLT‐ Recipes: pilot study

DY108/109 was a combined expedition, integrating a series of scientific and technological objectives related to three different projects. The main study area was the Darwin Mounds Marine Protected Area, an area of small cold‐water coral mounds in the Northern Rockall Trough, discovered by NOC scientists in 1998 and protected from bottom contact fisheries (mainly bottom trawling) since 2003. As part of the NERC CLASS programme (Climate‐Linked Atlantic Sector Science), the aim was to assess the status of the coral mounds, in order to identify and quantify any long‐term changes to this deep‐sea habitat. The mounds were surveyed with the Autosub6000 AUV (sidescan sonar), the HyBIS video platform and a series of targeted boxcores, repeating a first round of monitoring efforts undertaken in 2011 (expedition JC060). In addition, two settlement experiments deployed in 2011 were recovered on board. The second aim of the cruise was to demonstrate and test the latest innovation in survey technology as a potential new method for monitoring this type of seafloor habitat. The new BioCam system, a combined stereo camera and double laser line scanner integrated in the Autosub6000, was developed under the NERC Oceanids Marine Sensor Capital programme. BioCam enabled millimetre‐resolution 3D colour reconstructions of the seabed over areas that are an order of magnitude larger than typically covered with conventional visual methods (~30ha/day). This type of technology will revolutionise marine habitat monitoring in the future, both in terms of area covered and level of information obtained. In addition to these habitat mapping and monitoring activities in the Darwin Mound area, DY108/109 also supported two oceanographic studies of the Rockall Trough. For the NERC‐funded project BLT‐Recipes, two 24h CTD stations were occupied on the Irish margin, as pilot study to support further work in 2020 and 2021. For the oceanographic part of the CLASS programme, a number of single CTD casts were taken along the “Ellett Line”, while the turn‐around of a lander with upward‐looking ADCP was attempted. Unfortunately, investigation with the HyBIS platform confirmed that the lander was severely damaged and could not be recovered. Despite some time lost to weather and unfortunate equipment malfunctioning, the expedition was a success, with 10 HyBIS dives completed (76h seabed video), two sidescan sonar surveys repeated, 20 successful boxcores taken, sieved an analysed on board, one mooring deployed and 48 CTD casts completed. Most of all, the BioCam system performed excellently, staightaway from its first deployment, and acquired two dense grid survey datasets covering ~60ha in total. KEYWORDS Cold‐water coral, BioCam, CLASS, Marine Protected Area, Darwin Mounds, monitoring, habitat mapping, Autosub6000, AUV, Rockall Trough, Ellett Line, OSNAP, turbulent mixin

The location of airport an added value to improve the number of visitors at US museums

There are no scientific studies in the context of airports and museums relationship, which analyze the impact of airports for identifying the relationship between museums and air accessibility, as well as promotion campaigns to attract visitors and passengers at museums and airports. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the locations of US airports in the top 20 US museums, due to connectivity, accessibility, and technological change that aviation and museums activities are experiencing because of pandemic crisis. Moreover, this study evaluates promotion and travelling exhibitions factors, with the aim of attracting more visitors to museums and how these two variables can affect to airports. This research addresses this knowledge gap by providing discussions and justifications on how airports and museums should fortify their interaction and cooperation to develop joint marketing strategies. Results show how airports provide accessibility, connectivity, and frequencies of flights through airlines, and they have a direct impact of number of passengers’ arrivals on destinations and museums. Indeed, the findings revealed the need to implement joint strategies alliances by DMOs, airports, and museums, to increase the number of tourists in cities, particularly in this time of economic uncertainly. Airport and airlines operators could encourage to museum managers to incorporate customized travel packages and commercial discounts together through their official website and apps. These commercial strategies remove unnecessary intermediaries and increasing the profit marginsFunding for open access charge: Universidad de Malaga ´ / CBU

Digitalization and Development

This book examines the diffusion of digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies in Malaysia by focusing on the ecosystem critical for its expansion. The chapters examine the digital proliferation in major sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, e-commerce and services, as well as the intermediary organizations essential for the orderly performance of socioeconomic agents. The book incisively reviews policy instruments critical for the effective and orderly development of the embedding organizations, and the regulatory framework needed to quicken the appropriation of socioeconomic synergies from digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies. It highlights the importance of collaboration between government, academic and industry partners, as well as makes key recommendations on how to encourage adoption of IR4.0 technologies in the short- and long-term. This book bridges the concepts and applications of digitalization and Industry 4.0 and will be a must-read for policy makers seeking to quicken the adoption of its technologies