Does better local governance improve district growth performance in Indonesia?

A large literature suggests that countries with better governance have higher growth rates. We explore whether this is also true at the sub-national level in Indonesia. We exploit a new dataset of firm perceptions of the quality of economic governance in 243 districts across Indonesia to estimate the impact of nine different dimensions of governance on district growth. Surprisingly, we find relatively little evidence of a robust relationship between the quality of governance and economic performance. However, we do find support for the idea that structural variables, such as economic size, natural resource endowments and population, have a direct influence on the quality of local governance as well as on economic growth. This suggests that efforts to improve local governance should pay greater attention to understanding how such structural characteristics shape the local political economy and how this in turn influences economic performance.governance, institutions, economic performance, economic growth

A Comparative Analysis of Rough Sets for Incomplete Information System in Student Dataset

Rough set theory is a mathematical model for dealing with the vague, imprecise, and uncertain knowledge that has been successfully used to handle incomplete information system. Since we know that in fact, in the real-world problems, it is regular to find conditions where the user is not able to provide all the necessary preference values. In this paper, we compare the performance accuracy of the extension of rough set theory, i.e. Tolerance Relation, Limited Tolerance Relation, Non-Symmetric Similarity Relation and New Limited Tolerance Relation of Rough Sets for handling incomplete information system in real-world student dataset. Based on the results, it is shown that New Limited Tolerance Relation of Rough Sets has outperformed the previous techniques.

A Study of Mobile User Movements Prediction Methods

For a decade and more, the Number of smart phone users count increasing day by day. With the drastic improvements in Communication technologies, the prediction of future movements of mobile users needs also have important role. Various sectors can gain from this prediction. Communication management, City Development planning, and locationbased services are some of the fields that can be made more valuable with movement prediction. In this paper, we propose a study of several Location Prediction Techniques in the following area

Dirty exports and environmental regulation : do standards matter to trade?

How to address the link between environmental regulation and trade was an important part of discussions at the World Trade Organization Ministerial in Doha, Qatar in November 2001. Trade ministers agreed to launch negotiations on trade and the environment, specifically clarification of WTO rules. The authors address an important part of the background context for deciding whether or how to link trade agreements to the environment from a developing country perspective.The authors ask whether environmental regulations affect exports of pollution-intensive or"dirty"goods in 24 countries between 1994 and 1998. Based on a Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) model, net exports in five pollution-intensive industries are regressed on factor endowments and measures of environmental standards (legislation in force). The results suggest that, if country heterogeneity such as enforcement of environmental regulations is controlled for, more stringent environmental standards imply lower net exports of metal mining, nonferrous metals, iron, and steel and chemicals. The authors find find that a trade agreement on a common environmental standard will cost a non-OECD country substantially more than an OECD country. Developing countries will, on average, reduce exports of the five pollution-intensive products by 0.37 percent of GNP. This represents 11 percent of annual exports of these products from the 24 studied countries.Water and Industry,Economic Theory&Research,Public Health Promotion,Environmental Economics&Policies,Sanitation and Sewerage,Environmental Economics&Policies,Water and Industry,Environmental Governance,Economic Theory&Research,Health Monitoring&Evaluation

Safety of domestic ferries: A scoping study of seven high-risk countries

Ferry accidents are fairly common globally, causing countless deaths and injuries. Whereas ferry transportation is an integral part of the domestic transport infrastructure in many countries, particularly archipelagic countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines, river deltaic countries like Bangladesh, countries with extensive riverine systems such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nigeria and Senegal, or even a combination of great lakes, rivers and archipelago such as Tanzania, these countries are experiencing a high number of ferry accidents and fatalities over the past two decades and, therefore, considered high-risk countries in the ferry transport sector. International community continuously seeks to enhance safety in the domestic ferry industry. Thus, a scoping study has been conducted on the safety of domestic ferries in these seven high-risk countries. The study utilizes a structured methodology to identify focus areas in the seven countries for enhancing safety in the domestic ferry sector. The analysis involves past domestic ferry accidents, maritime profile, industry demographics and stakeholder matrix, regulatory and governance climate, political landscape, and amenability to change and external intervention. Eventually, the study proposes a conceptual framework with fifteen distinct criteria, identified against five attributes as an aid to the decision-making in a country for considering a safety intervention with a high likelihood of success and a significant positive impact on safety in the domestic ferry sector. Furthermore, current hazards threatening the safety of domestic ferries and their role in the formation of accidents; key stakeholders of domestic ferry sector and their state of play; national regulations related to the safety of domestic ferries and alignment with the IMO model regulations; national political landscape; state’s willingness to facilitate and receive a safety intervention; and public attitude towards safety are presented in the respective countries using globally recognized indices, questionnaire surveys and personal interviews.https://commons.wmu.se/lib_reports/1086/thumbnail.jp

텍스트마이닝(Text Mining)기법을 응용한 섬지역 개발 방법 연구: 인도네시아 발리섬과 롬복섬을 대상으로

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공), 2023. 2. 은기수.Islands are prime destinations for attracting international travelers motivated to experience an explorative, exotic island lifestyle. People's preference for island destinations has greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic over busy and crowded landmarks or tourist attractions in the center of big cities. Not all islands, however, attract tourists as most islands inherently share similar natural endowments including beaches and marine ecosystems. Due to wide spectrum of maturity in service and amenities in tourism industry of each island, there is ceaseless competition even between islands with similar geographic conditions. This research takes focuses on investigating key determinants that account for prominent differences in size, maturity of tourism sectors and popularity of Bali and Lombok by in-depth analysis on differences in socio-religious context of two regions. Adopting the John Stuart Mills Method of Difference as a framework, the study interpreted the social and cultural fabric of the target islands, borrowing local terminology and values (Agama, Adat, Dinas) on applying the anthropology-derived emic technique. The Two-Way Methodology was employed in this study for in-depth analysis on sociocultural context of target islands. The first, referred to "Historical Analysis," which categorizes and links historical events affected social structures of target destinations; the second, known as "Empirical Analysis," uses text mining the visitors review big-data sets to examine whether the interpreted dynamics of social structures also influences at real-time tourism sites. This analysis led the researcher to find out the dynamics of religion (agama) and norms (adat/dinas) as a determinant that led the socio-religious structure of two islands in different paths. In conclusion, this research proves that understanding of the key elements for determining social structure by adopting the methodology using Historical Analysis based on the concept of Agama, Adat, Dinas and using Empirical Analysis for Big-data in tourism sector can suggest meaningful strategic implications for researching and developing areas of unique religious, social structure and cultural diversity, particularly in island destinations.본연구의목적은 사회・종교적 고유성(Originality)을 본질적 속성으로 하는 섬 지역에 있어 관광 산업을 중심으로 한 실효적인 지역개발 접근법을 제시하는 데 있다. 유사한 지리조건 및 역사적 배경을 갖고 있으나, 관광산업의 성숙도와 규모면에서 차이를 보이고 있는 인도네시아 발리섬과 롬복섬의 사회・종교적 맥락의 차이를 심층 분석함으로써, 이에 관한 분석 방법론이 섬 지역 개발 정책 수립 및 실행과정에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있게 함을 목표로 한다. 발리섬과 롬복섬의 관광산업이 차이를 보이는 근본 원인을 규명하기 위해 John Stuart Mill의 차이법(Method of Difference)과 인류학의 문화비교 방법론인 에믹(emic) 접근법에 기초하여, 7세기 이후 현재까지 인도네시아에서 발생한 중요한 역사적 사건들에 대한 발리와 롬복의대응 과정에서 각각 다르게 형성된 종교・사회・문화적 맥락을 분석 및 해석하고, 그 차이의 실제성을 빅데이터 텍스트마이닝 기법을 통해 검증하고자 하였다. 역사적 사실 및 기록 연구를 통해 발리와 롬복의 관광산업 발전양상 차이의 주요 원인은 두 섬 내부에서 일어난 agama와 adat의 정의 및 관계설정의 차이로 인해 다르게 형성된 사회규범 및 관계망의 개방성의 차이이며, 이 차이가 투자 및 외부인 수용도에 영향을 미쳤음을 밝혔다. 이어 이 차이의 실제성을 세계 최대 여행정보사이트인 트립어드바이저에 방문자들이 남긴 동선정보와 경험에 대한 평가가 담긴 빅데이터의 핵심단어 사용빈도 및 시각화, 동시출현단어 분석, 대응일치 분석 결과 또한 이러한 차이를 뒷받침하고 있음을 입증하였다. 이상의 분석 및 고찰 결과는 고립된 지리적 특성에 따라 고유의 종교・사회・문화적 맥락화를 본질적 속성으로 하는 다양한 섬 지역 연구에 적용할 수 있으며, 특히 본 논문에서 주요 개념으로 다룬 agama, adat, dinas 개념을 해당지역의 사회구조의 형태와 구조의 결정요소를 파악하는데 중요한 변수로 고려하는 경우 보다 효과적이고 유의미한 지역개발 및 관광산업 정책을 수립할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.I. Introduction 1 1. Purpose of the Study 1 2. Flow of the Study 2 II. Backgrounds 3 1. Similarities Between Bali and Lombok 3 1-1. Geography 4 1-2. Lifestyle 5 1-3. Cultural Backgrounds 5 2. Different Scales of Tourism Sector of Two Islands 6 1-1. Tourism as a Backbone Industry and Economic Drive in Indonesia 7 1-2. Steady and Strong Tourism Development in Bali 11 1-3. Fluctuating and Complicated Tourism Development in Lombok 13 III. Methodologies and Theories 16 1. Research design 16 2. Methodologies 16 IV. Analysis and Interpretations 18 1. Historical Interpretations 18 1-1. Conceptual Frames: Agama, Adat, Dinas, Dharma 18 1-2. Bali and Its Hindu(/Buddhist) Dharma and Adat in Lombok 21 1-3. Bali as Tourist Destination and Negotiation of Its Socio-religious Identity 32 1-4. Agama and Adat in Bali and Lombok 35 1-5. Negotiation of Identity and Tourism Sector 38 2. Empirical Interpretations 46 2-1. Review of Promotional Material in Bali and Lombok Tourism 46 2-2. Review of Actual Experience of Visitors to Bali and Lombok by Text-mining 55 2-2-1. Data Collection 2-2-2. Data Processing 2-2-3. Data Analysis 2-2-4. Descriptive Statistics 2-2-5. Word co-occurrence network analysis 2-2-6. Correspondence Analysis V. Conclusions and Recommendations 71 Bibliography 80 Abstract in Korean 93석

Does better local governance improve district growth performance in Indonesia

A large literature suggests that countries with better governance have higher growth rates. We explore whether this is also true at the sub-national level in Indonesia. We exploit a new dataset of firm perceptions of the quality of economic governance in 243 districts across Indonesia to estimate the impact of nine different dimensions of governance on district growth. Surprisingly, we find relatively little evidence of a robust relationship between the quality of governance and economic performance. However, we do find support for the idea that structural variables, such as economic size, natural resource endowments and population, have a direct influence on the quality of local governance as well as on economic growth. This suggests that efforts to improve local governance should pay greater attention to understanding how such structural characteristics shape the local political economy and how this in turn influences economic performance. Keywords: economic growth; Indonesia; decentralisation; investment climate; governance; private sector

Data mining approach to internal fraud in a project-based organization

Data mining is an efficient methodology for uncovering and extracting information from large databases, which is widely used in different areas, e.g., customer relation management, financial fraud detection, healthcare management, and manufacturing. Data mining has been successfully used in various fraud detection and prevention areas, such as credit card fraud, taxation fraud, and fund transfer fraud. However, there are insufficient researches about the usage of data mining for fraud related to internal control. In order to increase awareness of data mining usefulness in internal control, we developed a case study in a project-based organization. We analyze the dataset about working-hour claims for projects, using two data mining techniques: chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree and link analysis, in order to describe characteristics of fraudulent working-hour claims and to develop a model for automatic detection of potentially fraudulent ones. Results indicate that the following characteristics of the suspected working-hours claim were the most significant: sector of the customer, origin and level of expertise of the consultant, and cost of the consulting services. Our research contributes to the area of internal control supported by data mining, with the goal to prevent fraudulent working-hour claims in project-based organizations