¿Quo Vadis? Reclutamiento y Contratacion de Trabajadores Migrantes y su Acceso a la Seguridad Social: dinamicas de los sistemas de trabajo temporal migratorio en Norte y Centroamerica

Different regions and countries of the world face a serious need to design and make use of necessary policies and resources to better manage worker migration, thus ensuring the welfare and human rights of these people who, in the end, are of benefit to their society of origin, as well as the receiving society. Although international labor migration may turn out to be productive for many people, many of these migrant workers have unsatisfactory living and working conditions. While it is likely that their labor conditions are better than in their own country, in many cases they are inferior to the working conditions of nationals in their receiving country. Despite international standards to protect migrant workers, their labor rights are frequently abused, especially if they have immigrated in an irregular fashion. In this context, INEDIM took on the task of developing an integral and comprehensive document regarding different migrant worker and visa systems in Central and North America.The work presented here holds enormous value for delving in-depth to the forms of management of temporary migrant workers, as well as their access and guarantees to social and labor protection in North and Central America. This report addresses the problem of management of labor migrant flows among countries in our region. This study is based on an ordered and scrupulous methodology in which different migration systems and visa schemes for the hiring of temporary migrant workers are analyzed from the perspective of protection, respect for, guarantees and promotion of human rights. The study analyzes six systems that seek to regulate temporary migration in the region along the Central and North American corridor. The countries involved in these six systems are El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Canada, the United States, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The authors carry out a thorough and well-structured study based on two focuses of analysis: first, the processes for recruiting and contracting migrant workers and secondly, access to social protection for temporary migrant workers by means of the right to social security. From these two focuses, the authors are able to identify and demonstrate structural insufficiencies and gaps in the analyzed systems, which should guarantee labor security and social security for these workers

Entre sistemas de protección social: inmigrantes filipinos en Europa y su (in)movilidad socio-espacial

With the aim to better understand how “care regimes” (that is, social protection systems) affect migrants’ lives, the present article draws from three separate studies on migrant Filipinas in Europe. The cases of three of these women unveil the important characteristic of the care regime in their country of origin and that in their respective receiving countries, which particularly shapes their lives. Interview data analysis suggests that insufficient care resources in the Philippines partly motivated these women’s migration as well as that of their offspring. In Europe, they experienced spatial and social class (im)mobilities due to the pro-undocumented migrant, family-focused, and transmigrant-friendly care regimes in their receiving countries, respectively France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Their encounters with the social protection systems “here” and “there” highlight their lives betwixt interacting care regimes in their social spaces.Con el objetivo de comprender mejor cómo los “regímenes de cuidado” (es decir, los sistemas de protección social) afectan la vida de los migrantes, el presente artículo se basa en tres estudios separados sobre las migrantes filipinas en Europa. Los casos de tres de estas mujeres desvelan la importante característica del régimen asistencial en su país de origen y que en sus respectivos países receptores, que en particular moldea sus vidas. El análisis de los datos de las entrevistas sugiere que los insuficientes recursos de atención en filipinas motivaron en parte la migración de estas mujeres, así como la de sus hijos. En Europa, experimentaron movilidad espacial y de clase social debido a los regímenes migratorios pro-indocumentados migrantes en sus países receptores, respectivamente, Francia, Bélgica y los Países Bajos. Sus encuentros con los sistemas de protección social “aquí” y “allí” resaltan sus vidas entre regímenes de atención interactivos en sus espacios sociales

Germination et dispersion des graines chez "Glaucium flavum" Crantz ("Papaveraceae")

Germination et dispersion des graines chez Glaucium flavum Crantz (Papaveraceae). De nombreuses especes de plantes pionnieres produisent deux types de graines, les unes sont migrantes et les autres ne sont pas migrantes. Généralement, les graines migrantes ne sont pas dormantes tandis que les graines non migrantes sont dormantes. Dans la presente etude, cette hypothese est testées avec les graines de Glaucium flavum, á l'aide d'un processus experimental faisant intervenir ces deux type des graines mais aussi la variation inter- et intra-indivduelle. Les résultats ne vérifient pas les predictions de depart. Les graines migrantes présentent plus de dormance que les graines non migrantes. Chez cette espéce la dormance des graines migrantes est á considérer avec la synaptospermie. La dormance peut étre une adaptation a la competition interindividuelle au moment de la levee des plantulesSeed germination and dispersal in Glaucium flavum Crantz (Papaveraceae). Many plant species produce two kind of seeds, dispersed seeds and non-dispersed seeds. Generaly, dispersed seeds have no dormancy while non-dispersed seeds have. In the present paper, this hypothesis is tested with Glaucium flavum seeds, through an experimental framework, which also included inter- and intraindividual variation. Results do not sustain the predictions. Dispersed seeds are more dormant than the others. In this species, dormancy in dispersed seeds must be consider with synaptospermy. Dormancy can be an adaptation to seedling competition

The Remittances Framework in Lesotho: Assessment of Policies and Programmes Promoting the Multiplier Effect

This study explored policies and programmes aimed at facilitating remittances inflows through formal channels and leveraging remittances for development in Lesotho. The study also looked into regulations and laws on remittances. In order to answer key questions of this study, semi‐structured questionnaires were administered to 29 institutions, including commercial banks, an asset manager, insurance companies, telecommunication companies, government ministries, parastatals, a research institution, a retailer, a savings and credit cooperative and non-governmental organizations. The gaps revealed by this study can be summarised as: the Deferred Pay Act is the only policy driving officially recorded remittance inflows to Lesotho and which facilitated the creation of remittances‐linked savings product by the banking sector; there are restrictions on remittance outflows for immigrants working in the country, though planned to be eliminated; most of remittances transfer products offered by various institutions suit regular income earners with bank accounts, the adoption of mobile‐phone based transfers adoption is low and the mobile‐phone based transfer products cannot be used to make international transfers; there is lack of adoption of remittances‐linked financial products by financial intermediaries and relevant government ministries; the benefits packaged with the remittances‐ linked savings accounts are less attractive; and most of the remittances services providers are concentrated in urban centres. These findings show there is a need to develop policies and programmes for harnessing remittances for development. This study concluded by suggesting policy options for facilitating remittances inflows through regular channels and promoting positive impact of remittances on development

What the eye does not see : a critical interpretive synthesis of European Union policies addressing sexual violence in vulnerable migrants

AbstractIn Europe, refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are more vulnerable to sexual victimisation than European citizens. They face more challenges when seeking care. This literature review examines how legal and policy frameworks at national, European and international levels condition the prevention of and response to sexual violence affecting these vulnerable migrant communities living in the European Union (EU). Applying the Critical Interpretive Synthesis method, we reviewed 187 legal and policy documents and 80 peer-reviewed articles on migrant sexual health for elements on sexual violence and further analysed the 37 legal and 12 peer-reviewed articles among them that specifically focused on sexual violence in vulnerable migrants in the EU-27 States. Legal and policy documents dealing with sexual violence, particularly but not exclusively in vulnerable migrants, apply ‘tunnel vision’. They ignore: a) frequently occurring types of sexual violence, b) victimisation rates across genders and c) specific risk factors within the EU such as migrants’ legal status, gender orientation and living conditions. The current EU policy-making paradigm relegates sexual violence in vulnerable migrants as an ‘outsider’ and ‘female only’ issue while EU migration and asylum policies reinforce its invisibility. Effective response must be guided by participatory rights- and evidence-based policies and a public health approach, acknowledging the occurrence and multiplicity of sexual victimisation of vulnerable migrants of all genders within EU borders

Escrituras migrantes

En los últimos tiempos, algunos escritores extranjeros en Italia que escriben en italiano han mostrado su desacuerdo ??justo?? con el hecho de ser encasillados dentro de la incómoda etiqueta de los “escritores inmigrantes” e, incluso, también en el cajón solo aparentemente más amplio de los “escritores migrantes” […]He participado en esta discusión de manera claramente conflictiva. Yo aprendo si trabajo con los demás; trabajar con los demás significa: hacer una obra común con alguien sin el cual no hubiera sido posible ni siquiera imaginarla; o aprendo en el conflicto. Las medias tintas son juegos de poder, de conveniencia, de negocios, de congreso, chatear on line. Aprovecho, por lo tanto, la ocasión de la organización del festival-encuentro ??con alemanes, suizos, austriacos e italianos?? para poner un poco de orden en mis ideas que, obviamente, nacen y crecen de los enfrentamientos.

Las rutas del tráfico ilegal de migrantes hacia Estados Unidos de América. Labor de la marina ecuatoriana: Análisis de la normativa aplicable en los países de tránsito [México y Guatemala] (Artículos Varios)

Se presenta una visión global del tráfico ilegal de migrantes ecuatorianos que tienen como destino los Estados Unidos de América. Se incluyen los puntos de salida y las rutas que utilizan los coyotes para transportar a los migrantes desde las costas ecuatorianas hacia diferentes puertos en Centroamérica, principalmente a Guatemala, para continuar por tierra hacia México, por lo que se expone la normativa guatemalteca en la materia y se analiza la legislación mexicana aplicable a migrantes irregulares, considerando que el Ecuador es el primer país, luego de los centroamericanos, con mayor número de deportados desde México. En este contexto se estudia las funciones de control, así como las labores de prevención de la marina ecuatoriana en aguas jurisdiccionales. Finalmente se proporcionan estadísticas relativas a embarcaciones capturadas por la marina, y migrantes ecuatorianos deportados desde México y Guatemala