490 research outputs found
Modeling pedestrian evacuation movement in a swaying ship
With the advance in living standard, cruise travel has been rapidly expanding
around the world in recent years. The transportation of passengers in water has
also made a rapid development. It is expected that ships will be more and more
widely used. Unfortunately, ship disasters occurred in these years caused
serious losses. It raised the concern on effectiveness of passenger evacuation
on ships. The present study thus focuses on pedestrian evacuation features on
ships. On ships, passenger movements are affected by the periodical water
motion and thus are quite different from the characteristic when walking on
static horizontal floor. Taking into consideration of this special feature, an
agent-based pedestrian model is formulized and the effect of ship swaying on
pedestrian evacuation efficiency is investigated. Results indicated that the
proposed model can be used to quantify the special evacuation process on ships.Comment: Traffic and Granular Flow'15, At Delft, the Netherland
VELOS : a VR platform for ship-evacuation analysis
Virtual Environment for Life On Ships (VELOS) is a multi-user Virtual Reality (VR) system that aims to support designers to assess (early in the design process) passenger and crew activities on a ship for both normal and hectic conditions of operations and to improve ship design accordingly. This article focuses on presenting the novel features of VELOS related to both its VR and evacuation-specific functionalities. These features include: (i) capability of multiple users’ immersion and active participation in the evacuation process, (ii) real-time interactivity and capability for making on-the-fly alterations of environment events and crowd-behavior parameters, (iii) capability of agents and avatars to move continuously on decks, (iv) integrated framework for both the simplified and advanced method of analysis according to the IMO/MSC 1033 Circular, (v) enrichment of the ship geometrical model with a topological model suitable for evacuation analysis, (vi) efficient interfaces for the dynamic specification and handling of the required heterogeneous input data, and (vii) post-processing of the calculated agent trajectories for extracting useful information for the evacuation process. VELOS evacuation functionality is illustrated using three evacuation test cases for a ro–ro passenger ship
VELOS: A VR Platform for Ship-Evacuation Analysis
“Virtual Environment for Life On Ships” (VELOS) is a multi-user Virtual Reality
(VR) system that aims to support designers to assess (early in the design
Process) passenger and crew activities on a ship for both normal and hectic
Conditions of operations and to improve ship design accordingly. This paper focuses
On presenting the novel features of VELOS related to both its VR and
Evacuation-specific functionalities. These features include: i) capability of multiple
Users’ immersion and active participation in the evacuation process, ii)
Real-time interactivity and capability for making on-the-fly alterations of environment
Events and crowd-behavior parameters, iii) capability of agents and
Avatars to move continuously on decks, iv) integrated framework for both the
Simplified and the advanced method of analysis according to the IMO/MSC 1033
Circular, v) enrichment of the ship geometrical model with a topological model
Suitable for evacuation analysis, vi) efficient interfaces for the dynamic specification and handling of the required heterogeneous input data, and vii) post
Processing of the calculated agent trajectories for extracting useful information
For the evacuation process. VELOS evacuation functionality is illustrated using
Three evacuation test cases for a ro-ro passenger ship
Evaluation of software tools in performing advanced evacuation analyses for passenger ships
As safety regulations for passenger ship design continue to advance, so does the need for evacuation analysis tools to simulate the evacuation process. Currently the IMO requires an evacuation analysis for all new passenger ships in one of two ways: a simplified analysis or an advanced analysis. The simplified analysis takes a macroscopic view of the problem, treating the evacuees as particles in a fluid, flowing to their muster stations through corridors and doors as if they were pipes and valves. On the other hand, the advanced analysis takes a more microscopic approach, treating each evacuee as an individual with their own behaviour and decision making. However, as crowd simulation on passenger ships is a relatively young field of study, there is no clear consensus on the best way to perform this advanced analysis and therefore the guidelines are left more open ended. Consequently, there are several software suites that perform the analysis in different ways.
This study aims to evaluate and better understand two different software packages, Evi and Pathfinder, which are capable of performing an advanced evacuation analysis. To do this, the same evacuation scenario on the same Main Vertical Zone (MVZ) of a RoPax ferry was simulated on both software in order to see how the differences in approaching the modelling affected both the numerical results and the user experience, including the time taken to build and run the analysis. These results were further compared with those obtained from a simplified analysis.
Despite differences in how the reaction times were distributed, the total completion times measured were very similar, falling within the acceptance criteria set for this study. However, the user experience is where the largest differences between the two software became apparent. While Pathfinder had a more feature-rich toolset to build the geometry, the fact that Evi is purpose built to perform evacuation analyses of passenger ships is apparent in its preset IMO cases and batch running capabilities, providing a clear time advantage in performing the task
Humans do not always act selfishly: social identity and helping in emergency evacuation simulation
To monitor and predict the behaviour of a crowd, it is imperative that the technology used is based on an accurate understanding of crowd psychology. However, most simulations of evacuation scenarios rely on outdated assumptions about the way people behave or only consider the locomotion of pedestrian movement. We present a social model for pedestrian simulation based on self-categorisation processes during an emergency evacuation. We demonstrate the impact of this new model on the behaviour of pedestrians and on evacuation times. In addition to the Optimal Steps Model for locomotion, we add a realistic social model of collective behaviour
The Fundamental Diagram of Pedestrian Movement Revisited
The empirical relation between density and velocity of pedestrian movement is
not completely analyzed, particularly with regard to the `microscopic' causes
which determine the relation at medium and high densities. The simplest system
for the investigation of this dependency is the normal movement of pedestrians
along a line (single-file movement). This article presents experimental results
for this system under laboratory conditions and discusses the following
observations: The data show a linear relation between the velocity and the
inverse of the density, which can be regarded as the required length of one
pedestrian to move. Furthermore we compare the results for the single-file
movement with literature data for the movement in a plane. This comparison
shows an unexpected conformance between the fundamental diagrams, indicating
that lateral interference has negligible influence on the velocity-density
relation at the density domain . In addition we test a
procedure for automatic recording of pedestrian flow characteristics. We
present preliminary results on measurement range and accuracy of this method.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
A Cellular automaton model for crowd movement and egress simulation
Ein Zellularautomatenmodell zur Simulation von Fußgängerbewegung und Evakuierungen
The movement of crowds is a field of research that attracts increasing interest. This is due to three major reasons: pattern formation and selforganization processes that occur in crowd dynamics, the advancement of simulation techniques, and its applications (planning of pedestrian facilities, crowd management, or evacuation analysis).
In this thesis, a model for simulating crowd movement is developed and its characteristics investigated and compared to alternative approaches. Additionally, simulations of the evacuation of aircraft, buildings, and ships is presented
Simone: a dynamic monitoring simulator for the evacuation of navy ships
In this paper, the automation of the evacuation process of a military ship is studied in real time. For this purpose, a scenario is reconfigured to produce a failure or damage. Then, an optimal network of alternative escape routes is computed. The resulting escape route map can be indicated by lighting the appropriate corridors on the ship. Through these corridors, the members of the embarked population and the entire process is monitored so that the crew can reach their lifeboats in the shortest possible time. To undertake this automated process, the dynamic ship evacuation monitoring system (SIMONE, from its acronym in Spanish: Sistema de Monitorización Dinámica de Evacuación de Buques) has been developed. This system integrates a communication gateway with the integrated platform control system (IPCS) and integrated lighting system that will be installed in new Spanish naval constructions.This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant number PID2020-116329GB-C22 and grant number TED2021-129336B-I00. This work is also a result of an internship funded by the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia through the Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (Seneca Foundation—Agency for Science and Technology in the Region of Murcia) and European Union NextGenerationEU program
Empirical results for pedestrian dynamics and their implications for cellular automata models
A large number of models for pedestrian dynamics have been developed over the
years. However, so far not much attention has been paid to their quantitative
validation. Usually the focus is on the reproduction of empirically observed
collective phenomena, as lane formation in counterflow. This can give an
indication for the realism of the model, but practical applications, e.g. in
safety analysis, require quantitative predictions. We discuss the current
experimental situation, especially for the fundamental diagram which is the
most important quantity needed for calibration. In addition we consider the
implications for the modelling based on cellular automata. As specific example
the floor field model is introduced. Apart from the properties of its
fundamental diagram we discuss the implications of an egress experiment for the
relevance of conflicts and friction effects.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
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