186 research outputs found

    Ameloblastic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of cases seen in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital and review of literature

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    Introduction: ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits histological features of ameloblastoma in combination with cytological atypia. It may arise de novo or secondarily through malignant de-differentiation of pre-existing ameloblastoma or odontogenic cyst. Secondary ameloblastic carcinomas often results from repeated surgical intervention, which is a mainstay of odontogenic tumor management in resource limited settings. To date, relatively few cases of ameloblastic carcinomas have been reported and many cases have been misdiagnosed as ameloblastoma. This is due to its wide range of clinicopathological feature which range from indolent to aggressive. It may present as an aggressive ulcerated mass or as a simple cystic lesion; hence, it often challenging to delineate from its benign counterpart, ameloblastoma. Methods: this study reviewed the clinicopathological data on 157 cases of odontogenic tumors diagnosed over a 10 years period from the pathology archive of the Oral Pathology Unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Results: of all these cases, we identified that 64.9% were Ameloblastomas, while 8.3% were ameloblastic carcinomas. Primary subtypes of ameloblastic carcinoma constituted 23.08%, while 69.23% of the cases were of the secondary subtype. We also found that the secondary subtype of ameloblastic carcinomas showed a higher mean duration value of 7.7 years. Most lesions were found in posterior mandible and presented with ulceration, perforation and ill-defined borders radiographically. Conclusion: this study is among the few that have documented higher frequency of secondary ameloblastic carcinoma in the scientific literature

    Dysplastic Papilliferous Basaloid Ameloblastoma: Report of a Case

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    Papilliferous ameloblastoma is an uncommon histologic variant of ameloblastoma. About five cases have been reported in the English literature till date. All five showed squamous differentiation with keratin formation and were diagnosed as papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. The present lesionshows basaloid differentiation and mild dysplasia in addition to papilliferous projections, thus termed dysplastic papilliferous basaloid  ameloblastoma.  Ameloblastoma, the most common odostoma has not ceased to intrigue pathologists with its diverse histomorphological patterns. Therefore, we present this uncommon lesion in a 50 year old man with right mandibular swelling. Key words: Papilliferous, Basaloid, Ameloblastoma, Dysplastic, Nonhealing socket

    Contemporary management of cancer of the oral cavity

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    Oral cancer represents a common entity comprising a third of all head and neck malignant tumors. The options for curative treatment of oral cavity cancer have not changed significantly in the last three decades; however, the work up, the approach to surveillance, and the options for reconstruction have evolved significantly. Because of the profound functional and cosmetic importance of the oral cavity, management of oral cavity cancers requires a thorough understanding of disease progression, approaches to management and options for reconstruction. The purpose of this review is to discuss the most current management options for oral cavity cancers

    The prevalence of recurrent ameloblastoma at the Wits oral health centre

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    A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry, June 2018Abstract Background Ameloblastoma is a slow growing, locally invasive, benign tumour of odontogenic origin. Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumour with varying recurrence rates, depending on the adequacy of the tumour removal. A number of factors including inadequate removal of tumour have been associated with recurrence Aim The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of recurrent ameloblastoma in patients treated at the Wits Oral Health Centre. Methods This study was a retrospective analysis of 246 records of patients diagnosed with ameloblastoma over a 24 year period (January 1992 to December 2015) in order to determine factors associated with recurrence. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages and proportions were used to summarize the data. Chi- squared and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between the variables and recurrence associated with AMB. Results Males (49.6%) and females (50.4%) were equally affected with a mean age of 31 years (range 7-82 years). AMB affected the mandible (96%) more than the maxilla (4%). Multicystic AMB represented the majority (76.8%) of cases. Most AMB’s (92.7%) presented with bone perforation. Nineteen cases (7.7%) recurred, mostly in soft tissues, fifteen of which were treated radically and four conservatively. Fifteen (78.95%) recurrent AMB’s presented within 10 years of surgical treatment with the remainder (2, 1 and 1) presenting 13, 17 and 21 years post-treatment, respectively. AMB’s larger than 4cm in greatest diameter were associated with 84.21% of the recurrences. Multicystic AMB accounted for 84.21% of the recurrences. Conclusions This study is in agreement with most studies with regard to demographic data and clinicopathological features of AMB. Large multicystic AMB with soft tissue encroachment have a high propensity to recur even when treated by radical resection. Recurrence is a significant associated with histological margins and the surgical method of treatment.XL201

    Jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as sole primary source : a systematic review

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    Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lung cancer metastasis to oral region is very rare. Very few research work has been conducted till date to analyse the jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as the primary source. The goal of th

    PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF A POTENZIATED PIEZOSURGERGICAL DEVICE AT THE RABBIT SKULL

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    The number of available ultrasonic osteotomes has remarkably increased. In vitro and in vivo studies have revealed differences between conventional osteotomes, such as rotating or sawing devices, and ultrasound-supported osteotomes (Piezosurgery®) regarding the micromorphology and roughness values of osteotomized bone surfaces. Objective: the present study compares the micro-morphologies and roughness values of osteotomized bone surfaces after the application of rotating and sawing devices, Piezosurgery Medical® and Piezosurgery Medical New Generation Powerful Handpiece. Methods: Fresh, standard-sized bony samples were taken from a rabbit skull using the following osteotomes: rotating and sawing devices, Piezosurgery Medical® and a Piezosurgery Medical New Generation Powerful Handpiece. The required duration of time for each osteotomy was recorded. Micromorphologies and roughness values to characterize the bone surfaces following the different osteotomy methods were described. The prepared surfaces were examined via light microscopy, environmental surface electron microscopy (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy. The selective cutting of mineralized tissues while preserving adjacent soft tissue (dura mater and nervous tissue) was studied. Bone necrosis of the osteotomy sites and the vitality of the osteocytes near the sectional plane were investigated, as well as the proportion of apoptosis or cell degeneration. Results and Conclusions: The potential positive effects on bone healing and reossification associated with different devices were evaluated and the comparative analysis among the different devices used was performed, in order to determine the best osteotomes to be employed during cranio-facial surgery

    Clinico Pathological study of Secondaries in Neck with Unknown Primary Cancer Prospective study

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    BACKGROUND: Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) constitute of a heterogenous group of malignancies presenting with lymph nodes of distant metastases. Metastasis of Neck lymph node from an occult primary contribute to 5-10% of patients. With advancements in diagnostics and detection techniques incidence appears decreasing. Management of metastases from unknown origin remains a therapeutic challenge. Hence this study is done to assess the Clinicopathological patterns of presentation of neck lymph node metastases and its multimodality of managements. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the clinico-pathological patterns of presentation of cervical lymph node metastases among patients with Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. 2. To study the various modalities of treatment for them. METHODOLOGY: All patients presenting to the department of general surgery, Coimbatore Medical College Hospital during one year period with neck node as the presentations were evaluated. After institute ethical clearance and informed written consent detailed clinical examination of the patient were done, followed by the pathological and radiological examination. RESULTS: Total of 30 patients with FNAC confirmed malignant cervical Lymphadenopathy were included in the study. The mean age of the study participantswas 57 + 12.5 years.(60%) were squamous cell carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma in 26.7%.90% of had stage III cancer and 10% of them had stage IV cancer. Primary site of malignancy was unidentified and patient underwent multimodality of treatment. CONCLUSION: The commonest histology was squamous cell carcinoma followed by Adenocarcinoma and the primary site of cancer could not be diagnosed. Males and elderly were commonly involved compared to females. Combined modality of approaches involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were used to manage the patient with carcinoma of unknown primary

    Nonodontogenic mandibular lesions: differentiation based on CT attenuation

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    Mandibular lesions are classified as odontogenic and nonodontogenic based on the cell of origin. Odontogenic lesions are frequently encountered at head and neck imaging. However, several nonodontogenic pathologies may also involve mandible and present further diagnostic dilemma. Awareness of the imaging features of nonodontogenic lesions is crucial in order to guide clinicians in proper patient management. Computed tomography (CT) may provide key information to narrow diagnostic considerations. Nonodontogenic mandibular lesions may have lytic, sclerotic, ground-glass, or mixed lytic and sclerotic appearances on CT. In this article, our aim is to present various nonodontogenic lesions of the mandible by categorizing them according to their attenuations on CT
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