53,586 research outputs found
Planning effectual growth: a study of effectuations and causation in nascent firms
Two main contrasting approaches are used in the entrepreneurship literature to explain how new ventures strategize: causal/planned strategies and effectual/emergent strategies. In this study, we explore the use of these strategies within micro and small firms. Our results show that larger companies typically used more planned strategies while simultaneously relying on effectual mechanisms. We observe that companies operating in known markets, anchoring their business ideas on experience and having a strong growth intention grow larger. This suggests that causal and effectual mechanisms can co-exist and lead to growth when combined. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed
Study on behavioral impedance for route planning techniques from the pedestrian's perspective: some findings and considerations
The multi-disciplinary characteristics of transportation force
a new design of geographic information systems, within which
these characteristics are considered. In this context, geographic
information systems for transportation are the result of the
integration of transportation information systems and conventional
geographic information systems. An interesting research area
in geographic information systems for transportation is constraint
management in route planning algorithms from the pedestrian s
perspective. Constraint management becomes more complex when
route planning takes into account an integrated public transportation
network (i.e. a multimodal network). A study on the theoretical
contextualization and taxonomy of a pedestrian s behavioral
impedance has been developed in order to improve the constraint
management from the pedestrian s perspective. This study entails
strategies of travel reduction by private transport (e.g. travel
by car) through switching to or substitution by alternative
public transport (e.g. travel by walk, bus or rail). The
grounded theory method has been used to develop the proposed
taxonomy. Using the partial results of a questionnaire applied
to a reduced group of people from Barcelona as a starting
point, important data are being collected to define the mathematical
model of the behavioral impedance domain. The goal of this
paper is to provide some considerations about theoretical contextualization
on identification and management of constraints regarding the
behavioral impedance domain from the pedestrian s perspective
within the urban public transportation context. The research
project where this work is included is composed of six major
phases. The first phase represents a continuous bibliographic
review. The second phase was a study on sidewalks in the university
zone of Barcelona. In this phase, an experimental application
has been proposed and the management, map and route modules
have been implemented on the ArcInfo GIS package and C++. This
paper reports the partial work of the third phase, which is
composed of two parts. The first part was a theoretical study on
behavioral impedance for route planning techniques, in which
taxonomy was proposed. The results of the second part are partially
presented in this paper. The fourth (i.e. design and implementation),
fifth (i.e. calibration and validation) and sixth (i.e. generalization
of the results) phases are characterized by the application
of the prototype regarding the multimodal network model for
urban public transportation from the pedestrian s perspective.
The main contribution of this article is the behavioral impedance
taxonomy review from the pedestrian s perspective, which will allow
designing a mathematical model and be used to implement a constraint
management algorithm. Within this context, the proposed taxonomy
could be used to model cost functions more precisely.Postprint (published version
Towards a business-IT alignment maturity model for collaborative networked organizations
Aligning business and IT in networked organizations is a complex endeavor because in such settings, business-IT alignment is driven by economic processes instead of by centralized decision-making processes. In order to facilitate managing business-IT alignment in networked organizations, we need a maturity model that allows collaborating organizations to assess the current state of alignment and take appropriate action to improve it where needed. In this paper we propose the first version of such a model, which we derive from various alignment models and theories
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