Strategies for addressing vaccine hesitancy - A systematic review.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify, describe and assess the potential effectiveness of strategies to respond to issues of vaccine hesitancy that have been implemented and evaluated across diverse global contexts. METHODS: A systematic review of peer reviewed (January 2007-October 2013) and grey literature (up to October 2013) was conducted using a broad search strategy, built to capture multiple dimensions of public trust, confidence and hesitancy concerning vaccines. This search strategy was applied and adapted across several databases and organizational websites. Descriptive analyses were undertaken for 166 (peer reviewed) and 15 (grey literature) evaluation studies. In addition, the quality of evidence relating to a series of PICO (population, intervention, comparison/control, outcomes) questions defined by the SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy (WG) was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria; data were analyzed using Review Manager. RESULTS: Across the literature, few strategies to address vaccine hesitancy were found to have been evaluated for impact on either vaccination uptake and/or changes in knowledge, awareness or attitude (only 14% of peer reviewed and 25% of grey literature). The majority of evaluation studies were based in the Americas and primarily focused on influenza, human papillomavirus (HPV) and childhood vaccines. In low- and middle-income regions, the focus was on diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, and polio. Across all regions, most interventions were multi-component and the majority of strategies focused on raising knowledge and awareness. Thirteen relevant studies were used for the GRADE assessment that indicated evidence of moderate quality for the use of social mobilization, mass media, communication tool-based training for health-care workers, non-financial incentives and reminder/recall-based interventions. Overall, our results showed that multicomponent and dialogue-based interventions were most effective. However, given the complexity of vaccine hesitancy and the limited evidence available on how it can be addressed, identified strategies should be carefully tailored according to the target population, their reasons for hesitancy, and the specific context

Turning the Tide on an Epidemic: A Native Kentuckian Changes the Deadly Trajectory of HIV Infection

Interview: Dr. Mina Hosseinipour did not know her research would positively change the trajectory of the worldwide HIV epidemic when she graduated with a bachelor’s degree from the University of Kentucky in the early 1990’s

Collective Value QoS: A Performance Measure Framework for Distributed Heterogeneous Networks

When users' tasks in a distributed heterogeneous computing environment are allocated resources, and the total demand placed on system resources by the tasks, for a given interval of time, exceeds the resources available, some tasks will receive degraded service, receive no service at all, or may be dropped from the system. One part of a measure to quantify the success of a resource management system (RMS) in such an environment is the collective value of the tasks completed during an interval of time, as perceived by the user, the application, or the policy maker. For the case where a task may be a data communication request, the collective value of data communication requests that are satisfied during an interval of time is measured. The Flexible Integrated System Capability (FISC) measure defined here is one way of obtaining a multi-dimensional measure for quantifying this collective value. While the FISC measure itself is not sufficient for scheduling purposes, it can be a critical part of a scheduler or a scheduling heuristic. The primary contribution of this work is providing a way to measure the collective value accrued by an RMS using a broad range of attributes and to construct a flexible framework that can be extended for particular problem domains.DARPA/ITO Quorum ProgramDARPA/ISO BADD ProgramOffice of Naval Research under ONR grant number N00014-97-1-0804DARPA/ITO AICE program under contract numbers DABT63-99-C-0010 and DABT63-99-C-0012DARPA/ITO Quorum ProgramDARPA/ISO BADD ProgramOffice of Naval Research under ONR grant number N00014-97-1-0804DARPA/ITO AICE program under contract numbers DABT63-99-C-0010 and DABT63-99-C-0012Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Biopsychosocial Variables Associated with the Development of Chronic Low Back Pain in Healthcare Workers

ABSTRACT Purpose: Worldwide the incidence and prevalence of acute low back injury with pain (ALBIP) is increasing in healthcare workers (HCW). Approximately 27% of ALBIP result in chronic low back pain (CLBP). The primary aim of this study was to identify biopsychosocial factors that contribute to the development of CLBP. A secondary aim was to examine the predictive value of reliable and valid screening instruments to identify individuals at highest risk for CLBP. Significance: Low back pain is the second most commonly reported pain condition in the United States, one of the leading causes of sick leave and is associated with cost estimates between $100 and$300 billion annually. While emerging evidence suggests that stress and work-related psychosocial factors play a role, it remains unclear which factors are the most significant. Use of a biopsychosocial conceptual model may illuminate the relationships among commonly co-occurring factors that contribute to the development of CLBP. Methods: Using a descriptive repeated measures study design, HCW with an ALBIP were recruited from two healthcare systems. Data were collected on demographic, biological, and psychosocial variables, as well as screening instruments at enrollment and 12-weeks later. Results: Results from this study contribute to the growing body of evidence regarding factors associated with the development of CLBP following an ALBIP occurrence in HCW. The participants in this study (N =21), fared better than anticipated following ALBIP. The majority did not miss time from work related to their injury, experienced minimal pain and disability and did not develop CLBP. Factors that may be associated with this include healthier lifestyles, the use of lift equipment in the workplace and high job satisfaction. Psychometric evaluation of two predictive screening instruments in this study evidenced strong reliability and validity. Conclusion: This study contributes to elucidation of biopsychosocial variables associated with the development of CLBP following ALBIP as well as psychometric evaluation of two CLBP screening instruments to identify those at highest risk. Based on these results, additional research is needed to further examine factors that contribute to, as well as, prevent CLBP in HCW following ALBIP

Implementation of a Decision Tree to Address Moral Distress

Healthcare workers (HCW) face daily challenges in the workplace environment. A relatively new problem called moral distress (MD) may present itself, but it may go unrecognized. The healthcare profession is being robbed of qualified personnel due to moral distress. The overall objective of this project was to help healthcare workers identify moral distress and seek resources to assist with the mitigation of moral distress. The outcome of this project demonstrated bedside HCWs showed higher levels of MD. Leadership must be intentional with providing education about the signs and symptoms of MD and assist employees to recognize and utilize available resources to mitigate MD. Age, gender, years of work experience, and education showed no correlation to the level of MD. The project demonstrated there was a statistically significant difference in MD scores with consideration to depart the healthcare profession due to MD. Higher levels of MD may lead to departure from the healthcare profession

Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf

20132015-08-05T00:00:00ZCC999999/Intramural CDC HHS/United StatesT42 OH008428/OH/NIOSH CDC HHS/United StatesT42/CCT522954-02/CC/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States23641538PMC4526156864

In the Affirmative, Vol.6, No.4 (Mid-April/Mid-May 1999)

https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/affirmative/1018/thumbnail.jp

Master of Science

thesisHand hygiene frequency in hospitals is unacceptably low. To date, this problem has been approached from a technical standpoint, with intervention designs that lack a theoretical foundation in human behavior. Almost all interventions have failed to significantly increase hand hygiene frequency. The hypothesis of this work is that identifying hand hygiene interventions guided by psychological theory and principles will lead to more effective interventions. The goal of this study was to develop a lab-based paradigm to explore how principles of adherence engineering, specifically the minimization of cognitive and physical effort, affect the frequency of performing hand hygiene. The paradigm was used to explore the principles of physical and cognitive effort. Participants were asked to paint a series of circles in different colors, but were only given a single paint brush. After painting each circle they could choose if they wanted to wash the brush. In the first experiment, participants painted at varying distances from the washing station to explore the impact of physical effort on washing frequency. In the second experiment, participants were asked to memorize a varying number of digits while painting each circle to explore the impact of cognitive effort on washing frequency. Performance and observational data were collected. Physical distance from the washing station had a significant impact on brush washing frequency. When no cognitive load was present, the perception of risk of contamination accounted for the largest proportion of variation in brush washing frequency. The presence of a cognitive load was associated with an increase in washing frequency, with contamination risk having little effect on washing behavior. Physical distance to a hand washing station will have an effect on hand washing behavior. When the cognitive load of health care workers is increased, it is possible that they will revert to a default behavior because they do not have the mental resources necessary to develop a situation-specific washing strategy. In current hospital environments, the default behavior seems to be omitting hand hygiene. Future interventions should aim at reversing this default behavior in order to improve hand hygiene

The Advocate, Vol. 22, No. 1, 1991

https://dc.suffolk.edu/ad-mag/1064/thumbnail.jp

Full Issue: Volume 19, Number 1 - Summer 2023

A publication for friends and colleagues of Jefferson’s Department of Surgery In This Issue Cover StoryNicoletti Kidney Transplant Center Takes Swift Action to Address Equity in Transplantation - Page 1 OverviewHealth Care Worker: Burnout Versus Moral Injury - Page 2 Please WelcomeOur Categorical Interns - Page 2 Education‘General Residency Survival Guide’ Offers Practical Advice - Page 2 Changing Lives Through ResearchJefferson Breast Surgeon Selected for Second Cohort of Robert A. Winn Career Development Award - Page 3 On the JobNew Faculty - Page 3 Giving OpportunityHonickman Center to Include Employee Wellness Space - Page 4 News in BriefNews in Brief - Page