On the Network of Railroads that Could be Built Today in France

Revue des deux mondes, April, 1838, Series 17 March 4, vol. 14 — 1838/06, pp. 163-200, from an address made to the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques, 10 and 17 March. Pages 163-170 translated by ©Steven Rowa

From elitist to popular tourism: leisure cruises to Spain during the first third of the twentieth century (1900–1936)

This article analyses the evolution of ocean cruises in the first third of the twentieth century. It focuses on inbound cruise traffic to Spain as well as major outbound national markets, particularly the United Kingdom. Analysis is carried out using mainly archival and newspaper sources. The chronological structure of the paper highlights the important changes that took place throughout the period of study. Before the First World War, leisure cruises constituted a sporadic activity. During the inter-war period and particularly after the 1920s, the number of cruises offered grew exponentially. The paper reveals the high level of dependency that ocean cruises had on transatlantic shipping line services and migration traffic. It demonstrates that cruise activity evolved in a very different way to the tourism phenomenon in general. The diffuse and widespread idea that in the past cruses were an exclusive privilege of the elite classes is open to question. During the period between the two world wars, the socio-economic characteristics of cruise passengers changed significantly. Ocean cruises became a holiday product accessible to a much wider and heterogeneous market, particularly in Britain

Evaluating the Location Efficiency of Arabian and African Seaports Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

In this paper the efficiency and performance is evaluated for 22 seaports in the region of East Africa and the Middle East. The aim of our study is to compare seaports situated on the maritime trade road between the East and the West. These are considered as middledistance ports at which goods from Europe and Far East/Australia can be exchanged and transhipped to all countries in the Middle East and East Africa. All these seaports are regional coasters, and dhow trade was built on these locations, leading this part of the world to become an important trade centre. Data was collected for 6 years (2000-2005) and a non-parametric linear programming method, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is applied. The ultimate goal of our study is: 1) to estimate the performance levels of the ports under consideration. This will help in proposing solutions for better performance and developing future plans. 2) to select optimum transhipment locations.Middle East and East African Seaports; Data Envelopment Analysis; Seaports Efficiency; Performance measurement of Containers Ports; transshipment.

An evaluation of the effectiveness of three types of study guides in producing immediate and delayed recall.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

The Mediterranean System

Articles extracted from The Globe. Paris. At the Office of the Globe, Rue Monsigny, No. 6. March 1832. Translated by Steven Rowan, [email protected]

On Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship of the Olive-oil Economy in the Aegean: The Case of Lesvos Island

This article summarizes the conclusions of a study on entrepreneurial activities related to the cycle of the olive-oil economy in Lesvos, an island in the North-Eastern Aegean, from the eighteenth century until the middle of the twentieth century. It is based on research and observations drawn from a multiform primary material, such as companies' records, communal and family archives, consular and administrative reports, as well as secondary sources which allow comparisons with other oleiferous regions and connect the economy of Lesvos to the broader Aegean and Mediterranean environment.It points out that the single cultivation phenomenon, though associated to the economy of risk, obeyed to the market's command and was prepared by the abolition of the governor's monopoly on the oil trading and the consequent opening of the market. This enabled the Christian ottoman subjects to develop the administration of intensive olive growing, mechanized oil extraction and trade expansion. Olive oil and soap were the two basic commodities of the island's export revenues that were commercialised, despite their low quality, into a wide range of port and island markets of the Asia Minor coast, the Aegean islands and the Black Sea. Moreover, the article explores the type of commercial and industrial enterprises and the characteristics of the olive-cycle entrepreneurs. It concludes with the commercial crisis suffered from the major political and economic changes of the twentieth century and the consequent reorientation of Lesvos' businessmen towards Crete and Piraeus, the olive manufacturing centres of the Neohellenic state

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